摘要:
The invention concerns a procedure for the estimation of unknown parameters (Δω, Δφ, ε,gasync,gbcode) of a received CDMA-signal (rdesc(v)) which is transmitted by means of a transmission channel (11), in which the CDMA-signal has experienced changes to the parameters (Δω,Δφ,ε,gbsync,gbcode) with the following steps: (a) formation of a cost function (L), which is dependent on the estimated values (Δ{tilde over (ω)},Δ{tilde over (φ)},{tilde over (ε)}, . . . ) of combined unknown parameters (Δω,Δφ,ε, . . . ); (b) partial differentiation of the cost function in respect to the said estimate values (Δ{tilde over (ω)},Δ{tilde over (φ)},{tilde over (ε)}, . . . ) of the unknown parameters (Δω,Δφ,ε, . . . ); (c) formation of a matrix-vector-equationfrom the presupposition that all partial differentials of the cost function are zero and thus a minimum of the cost function exists, and (d) computation of at least some of the matrix elements of the matrix elements of the matrix-vector-equation with the use of the Fast-Hadamard-Transformation.
摘要:
A method characterizes a customer line for data transmission. The method includes measuring electrical properties of the customer line from a central location, identifying a line model from the measurements, and identifying a modem model for a modem selected for use with the customer line. The modem model gives performance data for the selected modem. The method also predicts performance data for the customer line when operated with the selected modem by combining the line and modem models.
摘要:
A bone-cutting apparatus and associated method and system. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a guide removably attachable to a bone, and a rotatable mill coupled to the guide. The guide has a box-cut opening and the mill is pivotable within the opening. In one embodiment, the mill is laterally adjustable relative to the opening.
摘要:
For demodulation of higher-level MQAM signals without knowledge of the transmitted symbols, the clock phase error is calculated first after the sampling of the baseband signal with a clock frequency corresponding to the MQAM signal, and the corresponding time shift of the baseband signal is compensated therewith by interpolation (clock synchronization). Subsequently, the carrier frequency deviation and the carrier phase deviation are calculated feedback-free according to the principle of the maximum likelihood theory using Fourier transformation or by convolution in the time domain, and thus the data sequence is compensated.
摘要:
A hydraulically damping elastic bearing comprises an inner tube, an outer tube concentric or eccentric in relation to and located at some distance from the inner tube. An elastic part is inserted between them to include at least two chambers filled with damping medium. The two chambers are connected to one another by a flow connnection. To prevent cavitation and/or the formation of gas bubbles in the damping fluid, and to prevent a possible underpressure in a chamber when the chambers are not symmetrical, the damping medium is pressurized with an overpressure which is above atmospheric pressure.
摘要:
A system for performing a flash separation of a reservoir fluid includes a sample chamber configured to hold the reservoir fluid and a flash apparatus in fluid communication with the sample chamber. The flash apparatus includes a microfluidic device configured to flash the reservoir fluid in fluid communication with the sample chamber, and a separation chamber configured to separate the flashed reservoir fluid into a liquid phase and a gaseous phase in fluid communication with the microfluidic device. The system further includes a gas receptacle configured to store the gaseous phase, A method for performing a flash separation of a reservoir fluid includes providing a reservoir fluid to a microfluidic device, urging the reservoir fluid through the microfluidic device such that the reservoir fluid is lashed within the microfluidic device, and separating a liquid phase and a gaseous phase from the flashed reservoir fluid.
摘要:
A mobile device including a location module configured to determine a location of the mobile device, and a caller identification (ID) and/or caller ID blocking module configured to provide caller ID and/or caller ID blocking features by sending and/or receiving a signal with caller ID and/or caller ID blocking information. The caller identification and/or caller ID blocking module is configured to enable and disable the caller ID and/or caller ID blocking features based upon the location of the mobile device determined by the location module.
摘要:
A guide for cutting a bone comprising an anterior portion and a distal portion orientated at about a right angle to the anterior portion. The distal portion includes a guiding side, a distal surface at the guiding side, a box-cut shaped opening defined by the guiding side, a plurality of first cutting surfaces disposed at the guiding side at an acute angle relative to the distal surface of the guiding side operable to guide a cutting device to the bone to form chamfer cuts in the bone, and a second cutting surface disposed at the guiding side at least about a right angle to the distal surface operable to guide a cutting device to the bone to form a posterior cut in the bone.
摘要:
An approach is provided for clock-pulse synchronization between an amplitude-modulated or phase-modulated received signal and a transmitted signal by estimating the timing offset between the received signal and the transmitted signal by maximum-likelihood estimation, wherein the maximum-likelihood estimation is realized through a pre-filtering dependent upon the transmission characteristic, a subsequent nonlinear signal-processing function and an averaging filtering. The received signal is an offset quadrature-phase-modulated received signal, and the nonlinear signal-processing function maintains the alternating components in the spectrum of the pre-filtered offset quadrature-phase-modulated received signal.
摘要:
A method and a device for determining a statistical parameter for all frequencies of a frequency distribution of signal levels of a test signal registered respectively in several observation intervals counts the frequency of the signal level of the test signal measured in each case within the respective signal-level range and at the respective value of the time or frequency raster of the frequency distribution from new within every observation interval, and buffers it for display on a display device. After every observation interval, for every signal-level range and every value of the time or frequency raster of the frequency distribution, the respective statistical parameter from the respective, newly-buffered frequency and all respective frequencies measured and buffered at earlier observation intervals is determined and buffered.