摘要:
An apparatus and a method for detecting the temperature of a substrate, and for controlling the radiation-annealing of the substrate, for example, measures the intensity of infrared light from the substrate when the substrate is irradiated by measuring infrared light and also when the substrate is not irradiated by the infrared light. The temperature is calculated from the transmissivity and emissivity of the substrate, which are calculated from the intensity measurements.
摘要:
Disclosed is a horizontal position detecting device for maintaining the surface of a body to be inspected vertically to the optical axis of a main objective lens. The device includes an illumination optical system and a condenser lens system. The illumination optical system supplies parallel light rays to the surface of the body from the direction oblique to the optical axis of the objective lens. The condenser lens system condenses the light rays supplied by the illumination optical system and reflected by the surface of the body. The optical axes of the illumination optical system and the condenser lens system are arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to the axis of the objective lens.
摘要:
In case of a developing density correction based on a test image (patch image) density, normally, the developing density is carried out in a short period of time by correction (γ correction) of a developing bias and a grid voltage (S11). When a correction amount of the γ correction exceeds an ordinary range, the γ correction (S11) and adjustment of toner concentration (magnetic permeability reference value) (S5) are carried out in combination. Furthermore, when the toner concentration is changed, the setting of a correction reference of the γ correction (γ correction TBL) and correction timing of the γ correction are accordingly changed (S6, S7). Therefore, in the developing density correction based on the test image density in the developing device using binary developer, it is possible to carry out the developing density correction, which is carried out in a short time, and whose correction width is wide, while maintaining the accuracy of a developing density adjustment.
摘要:
A process for preparing a vitamin D derivative including providing an ultraviolet irradiation apparatus for photochemical reactions, which has an ultraviolet radiation-emitting lamp, an optical system which receives light from the ultraviolet radiation-emitting lamp and emits ultraviolet rays having a specific wavelength, and a quartz rod which receives the ultraviolet rays having the specific wavelength from the optical system and emits the ultraviolet rays, irradiating a solution of a provitamin D derivative with the ultraviolet rays emitted from the quartz rod to cause a photochemical reaction to the provitamin D derivative solution, thereby forming a previtamin D derivative, and subjecting the previtamin D derivative to a thermal isomerization reaction to prepare the vitamin D derivative.
摘要:
A display apparatus includes a display panel, a support means for supporting the display panel, and a housing for accommodating the display panel and the support means. The support means includes a first member to which the display panel is attached, a second member attached to the housing, and an elastic member disposed between the first and second members. The first and second members are integrally thermally bonded to each other via the elastic member through a process including a step of disposing the first member and the second member at prescribed positions within a mold, and an injection molding step of forming the elastic member between the first and second members by injection molding.
摘要:
A display apparatus includes a display panel, a support means for supporting the display panel, and a housing for accommodating the display panel and the support means. The support means includes a first member to which the display panel is attached, a second member attached to the housing, and an elastic member disposed between the first and second members. The first and second members are integrally thermally bonded to each other via the elastic member through a process including a step of disposing the first member and the second member at prescribed positions within a mold, and an injection molding step of forming the elastic member between the first and second members by injection molding.
摘要:
A high density detecting toner pattern is formed on a photosensitive body and a high density correction is effected by comparing a value detected by a reflection sensor with a high density reference value so as to maintain an image density at a specific level. An image density correcting section adopts a result of the preceding high density correction as the high density reference value, and compares the same with a result of a current high density correction. The image density correcting section effects the half-tone density correction only when a difference reaches or exceeds a preset difference reference value by forming a half-tone density detecting toner pattern on the photosensitive body and comparing a value detected by the reflection sensor with a half-tone reference value. Consequently, it has become possible to provide an image forming apparatus which can maintain a density output of an entire image at a specific level for any kind of images including solid, line, and half-tone, etc. while shortening a time required for the density correction and reducing a quantity of toner consumed for the density correction.
摘要:
A projection type exposure apparatus for projecting an image of a pattern formed on a reticle onto a wafer in which the exposure is carried out with first light and the alignment between reticle and wafer is carried out with a second light having a wavelength different from that of the first light. The apparatus includes an optical member disposed between alignment optical system and projection optical system for reflecting the first light and transmitting the second light.
摘要:
A position alignment apparatus aligns a photosensitive substrate and a mask (projection image) at high speed and with high precision. The apparatus has a projection optical system for projecting a pattern image on a mask or reticle onto a photosensitive substrate, a detector for detecting a two-dimensional misalignment of a projected pattern image and a wafer, and means for moving the wafer along orthogonal x- and y-axis directions and for rotating the wafer along a rotational direction within a plane defined by the x- and y-axis directions so as to eliminate the misalignment, wherein the detector has first detecting means with an optical system for detecting at least a misalignment of the wafer along the x-axis direction through the projection lens, and second detecting means with an optical system separate from the projection lens and for detecting at least a misalignment of the wafer along a rotational direction.
摘要:
A projection lens for enlargedly projecting the image of a cathode ray tube onto a screen comprises, in succession from the screen side, a first lens having a positive refractive power, a second lens having a positive refractive power and having its surface of sharper curvature facing the screen side, the second lens being disposed at or near the entrance pupil position of the entire system, a biconvex third lens having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens having a negative refractive power and having its surface of sharper curvature facing the screen side.