公开(公告)号：US20050279495A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-22

申请号：US10872112

申请日：2004-06-18

申请人： Min-Yi Chen ,  Bhavani Raghuraman ,  Ian Bryant ,  Michael Supp ,  Jose Navarro

发明人： Min-Yi Chen ,  Bhavani Raghuraman ,  Ian Bryant ,  Michael Supp ,  Jose Navarro

IPC分类号： E21B47/00 ,  G01V3/26

CPC分类号： G01V3/265

摘要： Earth formations are characterized by using an array of electrodes which can measure streaming potentials in the formation, and by interpreting the data obtained by the electrodes. The electrodes are placed on a wireline tool, a LWD tool, or in a fixed manner about a completed wellbore. The measured streaming potentials are generated by drilling with an overbearing pressure, slitting the mudcake in a borehole, acid injection, or any of various other manners which causes fluid movement. The data obtained is interpreted to locate fractures, measure formation permeability, estimate formation pressure, monitor drilling fluid loss, detect abnormal pressure, etc. Particularly, a streaming potential voltage transient having a double peak profile signifies the presence of a formation fracture.

摘要翻译： 地球构造的特征在于使用可以测量地层中的流动电位的电极阵列，以及通过解释由电极获得的数据。 电极被放置在有线工具，LWD工具上，或者以固定的方式围绕完成的井眼放置。 测量的流动电位是通过以超载压力钻孔，在井眼中分切泥饼，酸注射或导致流体运动的各种其他方式中的任何一种产生的。 所获得的数据被解释为定位裂缝，测量地层渗透率，估计地层压力，监测钻井液体损失，检测异常压力等。特别地，具有双峰曲线的流动电势电压瞬变表示存在地层断裂。

公开(公告)号：US06191588B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-20

申请号：US09116017

申请日：1998-07-15

申请人： Min-Yi Chen

发明人： Min-Yi Chen

IPC分类号： G01V320

CPC分类号： G01V3/20

摘要： The borehole imaging apparatus of the present invention includes a tool having an array of voltage electrode buttons mounted on a non-conductive pad. A current source and a current return are preferably located on the non-conductive pads at opposite ends thereof. The locations of the current source and return are designed to force a current to flow in the formation parallel to the pad face and non-parallel to the formation boundary layers. According to a method of the invention, the voltage difference between a pair of buttons in the array is proportional to the resistivity of the formation bed adjacent to the buttons. The ratio of voltage differences between two nearby pairs of electrode buttons provides a quantitative measurement of the ratio of shallow resistivity. The resolution of the image produced by the new tool is determined only by the spacing of the buttons. The tool according to the invention produces much better images than the prior art tools when used in OBM wells. In order to assure that current flow is not tangential to bed boundaries, it is preferred that the non-conductive pad be provided with a pair of orthogonal current sources and current returns. According to a presently preferred embodiment of the invention, the voltage electrodes are arranged in a matrix having offset rows and measurements are made for adjacent electrodes in two dimensions.

摘要翻译： 本发明的钻孔成像装置包括具有安装在非导电垫上的电压电极按钮阵列的工具。 电流源和电流返回优选地位于非导电焊盘的相对端。 电流源和返回的位置被设计成迫使电流在平行于焊盘面并且不平行于形成边界层的地层中流动。 根据本发明的方法，阵列中的一对按钮之间的电压差与邻近按钮的地层床的电阻成比例。 两个附近的电极按钮对之间的电压差的比率提供了浅电阻率比的定量测量。 由新工具生成的图像的分辨率仅由按钮的间距确定。 根据本发明的工具在OBM井中使用时，产生比现有技术工具更好的图像。 为了确保电流不与床边界相切，优选地，非导电焊盘设置有一对正交电流源和电流返回。 根据本发明的当前优选实施例，电压电极被布置成具有偏移行的矩阵，并且在二维中对相邻电极进行测量。

公开(公告)号：US5038378A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-06

申请号：US253385

申请日：1988-10-03

申请人： Min-Yi Chen

发明人： Min-Yi Chen

IPC分类号： G01V3/20 ,  G01V3/38

CPC分类号： G01V3/38 ,  G01V3/20

摘要： A method and apparatus are described for removing noise by smoothing fine resistivity measurements made with a tool from inside a borehole penetrating an earth formation. Pixel values representative of the resistivity measurements are examined to determine the directions of features in the measurements and a smoothing of the pixel values is then made along the measured directions. The orientations of the features are obtained with a similarlity investigation of pixels in sub-array windows along parallel lines whose slope is varied. Optimal slope lines along which the pixel values in a window best resemble each other are determined as the direction of the features. Smoothing is done along the optimal slope lines. Substantially noise free pixel measurements are obtained to enable subsequent automatic signal processing such as the detection of edges between layers of different resistivity. The edges are recorded with an emphasis on a visual display for enhanced visual analysis.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于通过平滑通过穿透地层的钻孔内的工具进行的精细电阻率测量来消除噪声的方法和装置。 检查代表电阻率测量的像素值以确定测量中特征的方向，然后沿测量的方向进行像素值的平滑。 通过对沿斜率变化的平行线的子阵列窗口中的像素的相似性研究，获得特征的取向。 将窗口中的像素值最佳彼此相似的最佳斜线确定为特征的方向。 沿着最佳斜线完成平滑。 获得基本上无噪声的像素测量，以便能够进行后续的自动信号处理，例如检测不同电阻率层之间的边缘。 这些边缘被重点记录在视觉显示器上，以增强视觉分析。

公开(公告)号：US5012193A

公开(公告)日：1991-04-30

申请号：US430207

申请日：1989-11-01

申请人： Min-Yi Chen

发明人： Min-Yi Chen

IPC分类号： G01V3/38

CPC分类号： G01V3/38

摘要： A filter removes certain noise-induced artifacts from a two-dimensional image of a bore-hole wall, this image being formed by signals from a two-dimensional array of staggered electrodes pulled along the bore-hole wall. The noise artifacts are due to a type of noise which varies as a function of depth of the array, but which is substantially the same at all electrodes at any given time. The artifacts appear in the image in the form of a "footprint" of the electrode array, as an unintended result of a depth-adjustment process in which the original frames of samples of the signals at the electrodes of the staggered array, all taken essentially at the same time, are later resampled to produce frames of samples each corresponding to the same depth in said bore-hole. The filter makes use of the fact that the configuration of the artifact in the image is known, and that the true signal values do not change much between azimuthally adjacent electrodes. The preferred form of the filter produces, and substracts from each sample, a value of noise n which is a function of the depth of each electrode and which is such as to minimize the minimal discontinuity measure.

摘要翻译： 过滤器从钻孔壁的二维图像中去除某些噪声引起的伪像，该图像由来自沿钻孔壁拉动的交错电极的二维阵列的信号形成。 噪声伪像是由于随着阵列深度的变化而变化的噪声类型，但是在任何给定时间在所有电极上基本相同。 伪像出现在电极阵列的“覆盖”形式的图像中，作为深度调整过程的非预期结果，其中交错阵列的电极处的信号的原始采样帧全部基本上 同时，随后重新采样以产生每个对应于所述钻孔中相同深度的样品的框架。 滤波器利用图像中的伪像的配置是已知的，并且真实信号值在方位角相邻电极之间不变化很大。 滤波器的优选形式从每个样本产生和减法，噪声n的值是每个电极的深度的函数，并且其最小化最小不连续性测量。