摘要:
A method is disclosed for inverting 3-D seismic reflection data obtained from seismic surveys to derive impedance models for a subsurface region, and for inversion of multiple 3-D seismic surveys (i.e., 4-D seismic surveys) of the same subsurface volume, separated in time to allow for dynamic fluid migration, such that small scale structure and regions of fluid and dynamic fluid flow within the subsurface volume being studied can be identified. The method allows for the mapping and quantification of available hydrocarbons within a reservoir and is thus useful for hydrocarbon prospecting and reservoir management. An iterative seismic inversion scheme constrained by actual well log data which uses a time/depth dependent seismic source function is employed to derive impedance models from 3-D and 4-D seismic datasets. The impedance values can be region grown to better isolate the low impedance hydrocarbon bearing regions. Impedance data derived from multiple 3-D seismic surveys of the same volume can be compared to identify regions of dynamic evolution and bypassed pay. Effective Oil Saturation or net oil thickness can also be derived from the impedance data and used for quantitative assessment of prospective drilling targets and reservoir management.
摘要:
A thermal reactor system for semiconductor processing incorporates a reaction vessel with a rectangular quartz tube with reinforcing parallel quartz gussets. The gussets enable sub-ambient pressure processing, while the rectangular tube maximizes reactant gas flow uniformity over a wafer being processed. The gussets facilitate effective cooling, while minimally impairing heating of the wafer by allowing minimal wall thickness. The thermal reactor system further includes a gas source for supplying reactant gas and an exhaust handling system for removing spent gases from and establishing a reduced pressure within the reaction vessel. An array of infrared lamps is used to radiate energy through the quartz tube; the lamps are arranged in a staggered relation relative to the quartz gussets to minimize shadowing. In addition, other non-cylindrical gusseted vessel geometries are disclosed which provide for improved sub-ambient pressure thermal processing of semiconductor wafers.
摘要:
A quartz window for a wafer reactor vessel has a flat bow for withstanding the pressure differential between the ambient outside pressure and the reduced pressure in the wafer chamber. The bow is enhanced at elevated operating temperatures to compensate for the flattening effect of higher pressure differentials. The enhanced bowing is provided by a rigid peripheral flange which radially confines the window. The thermal expansion within the window is not expressed radially, but is directed outward to increase the bow.
摘要:
A method for monitoring in real time the growth of an hydraulic fracture in an earth formation traversed by a well borehole. Growth of the fracture is observed by measuring the temperature of the borehole fluid at selected times during the fracturing process. The temperature measurements are made by use of a string of vertically-spaced temperature sensors extending over the entire fracture depth interval, and a temperature-vs-depth profile of the fracture interval is generated in real time at the surface. Post-fracture temperature monitoring of the fracture zone affords information useful in estimating fracture volume and in well-flow planning and production scheduling.
摘要:
A system and computer-implemented method of providing contingency analysis information for a utility service network that includes obtaining contingency analysis information from a plurality of external sources, integrally combining the contingency analysis information obtained from each of the plurality of external sources into a single application and prioritizing the contingency analysis information in a predetermined order, dynamically updating, the contingency analysis information obtained from each of the plurality of external sources and the prioritization of the contingency analysis information based on status information, and displaying the contingency analysis information to a user via a graphical user interface.
摘要:
A system for managing a battery in communication with an electrical grid that includes (a) a data collector to collect data representative of an electrical grid; (b) an ASC controller operatively coupled to the data collector and adapted to receive collected data therefrom, the ASC controller comprising a financial strategizer to send instructions based on the collected data; and (c) a battery controller operatively coupled to the ASC controller to receive the instructions transmitted by the ASC controller, the battery controller configured to dictate whether the battery receives electricity from, or transmits electricity to the electrical grid.
摘要:
A film formation system 10 includes a processing chamber 15 bounded by sidewalls 18 and a top cover 11. In one embodiment, a susceptor 16 is rotatably disposed in the system 10, and overlaps with a first peripheral member 205 disposed around the sidewalls 18. A radiant heating system 313 is disposed under the susceptor 305 to heat the substrate 19. In another embodiment, the top cover 11 has equally spaced pyrometers 58 for measuring the temperature of the substrate 19 across a number of zones. The temperature of the substrate 19 is obtained from pyrometric data from the pyrometers 58.
摘要:
Boosting algorithms are provided for accelerated machine learning in the presence of misclassification noise. In an exemplary embodiment, a machine learning method having multiple learning stages is provided. Each learning stage may include partitioning examples into bins, choosing a base classifier for each bin, and assigning an example to a bin by counting the number of positive predictions previously made by the base classifier associated with the bin.
摘要:
A machine learning system creates failure-susceptibility rankings for feeder cables in a utility's electrical distribution system. The machine learning system employs martingale boosting algorithms and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms to generate a feeder failure prediction model, which is trained on static and dynamic feeder attribute data. Feeders are dynamically ranked by failure susceptibility and the rankings displayed to utility operators and engineers so that they can proactively service the distribution system to prevent local power outages. The feeder rankings may be used to redirect power flows and to prioritize repairs. A feedback loop is established to evaluate the responses of the electrical distribution system to field actions taken to optimize preventive maintenance programs.
摘要:
An apparatus for and method of supporting a substrate such as a semiconductor wafer. Silicon carbide sleeves cover substrate support members such as upwardly extending arms of a substrate carrier which is part of a substrate support assembly. The substrate carrier including the upwardly extending arms holds the substrate spaced apart from a platform such as a susceptor during loading and unloading of a processing chamber. The platform defines apertures through which the arms extend. The arms are vertically movable through the apertures with respect to the platform and engage the substrate at the substrate's edge or alternatively, inwardly from the edge.