Abstract:
The disclosed embodiments relate to systems and methods for determining a quotation price of a spread between multiple products, such as two or more futures contracts, having non-homogeneous construction, e.g. one may be specified in terms of an implied rate, such as a Eurodollar Futures contract, and the other may be specified in terms of a price, such a U.S. Treasury Futures contract. The disclosed embodiments normalize the valuation of each “leg” of the spread with respect to each other, accounting for the divergence of the underlying contract construction, so that a difference in those valuations may be computed.
Abstract:
Systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided for processing a relationship metric comprising a plurality of components each having an associated percentage weight, selecting a plurality of financial instruments each corresponding to one of the plurality of components, determining an integer number of each of the plurality of financial instruments such that a relationship based on the integer numbers approximates the percentage weights, and composing an index that includes the respective integer numbers of each of the plurality of financial instruments.
Abstract:
A computer system associated with spot market trading in a particular subject matter may communicate with a computer system associated with trading in futures contracts or options in futures contracts for the subject matter. The communications may include pricing data for at least one of futures contracts or options in futures contracts for the subject matter, which pricing data may be used for spot market pricing. The communications may also include communications regarding futures hedging of spot trading in the subject matter.
Abstract:
A futures contract and method of computing a settlement price thereof are disclosed that enables a market participant to shed or acquire financial exposure in a conventional bond spread, in the form of single futures contract, rather than as a bona fide spread requiring active management of distinct long and short component bond positions, e.g. legs. The notional financial exposure of the futures contract is sized, not in terms of notional amounts/quantities of assets represented in the components of the futures contract's reference spread, but rather in terms of the pecuniary value of one basis point (i.e., 0.01 percent per annum) of the spread between yields to maturity for each of the components of the futures contract's reference spread. Effectively, the spread between the yields is defined inversely, i.e. the price per increment of spread is fixed whereas the quantities/notional amounts of reference bonds and the spread between them are not.
Abstract:
A computer system associated with spot market trading in a particular subject matter may communicate with a computer system associated with trading in futures contracts or options in futures contracts for the subject matter. The communications may include pricing data for at least one of futures contracts or options in futures contracts for the subject matter, which pricing data may be used for spot market pricing. The communications may also include communications regarding futures hedging of spot trading in the subject matter.
Abstract:
The disclosed embodiments relate to systems and methods which match/allocate an incoming order to trade with “resting,” i.e. previously received but not yet matched, orders, recognizing that the algorithm or rules by which the incoming order is matched may affect the operation of the market for the financial product being traded. In particular, the disclosed embodiments relate to an adaptive match engine which draws upon different matching algorithms, e.g. the rules which dictate how a given order should be allocated among qualifying resting orders, depending upon market conditions, to improve the operation of the market. Thereby, by conditionally switching among matching algorithms within the same financial product, as will be described, the disclosed match engine automatically adapts to the changing market conditions of a financial product, e.g. a limited life product, in a non-preferential manner, maintaining fair order allocation while improving market liquidity, e.g., over the life of the product.
Abstract:
The disclosed embodiments relate to an exchange-traded futures contract, guaranteed by a clearing house, and characterized by an embedded price dynamic comprising a compound accrual of a periodic interest rate up to a date on which trading therein is terminated, as specified in the futures contract terms and conditions. A trader may be allowed and/or enabled to take a position in a futures contract with respect to an interest bearing underlier with a variable interest rate and, thereby, minimize the number of transactions and attendant costs with respect to monitoring and correcting for divergences between the futures position and the notional interest rate swap exposure for which the futures position is intended to serve as a proxy. Variation margin for the position is computed based on an underlying reference interest rate as opposed to being computed solely on the basis of the end-of-business day price of the futures contract.
Abstract:
The disclosed system makes available multiple interest rate futures contracts (“IRFC”) for a given set of interest rate securities, such as US Treasury Notes, which may be used to satisfy the delivery obligation. The terms on which the delivery obligation of each such IRFC are met are governed by an associated conversion factor yield (“CFY”) value which is associated, in turn, with a corresponding set of conversion factors (“CF”), each of which corresponds to one member of the set of securities eligible for delivery, and which may be used at the time of delivery of such eligible interest rate security, to determine the delivery invoice price. Offering different CFY's and corresponding CF's may enable a market participant who seeks to use such futures to acquire or shed financial risk exposure to select from such array of futures contracts the member contract that most closely mirror the participant's intended risk profile.
Abstract:
The disclosed system makes available multiple interest rate futures contracts (“IRFC”) for a given set of interest rate securities, such as US Treasury Notes, which may be used to satisfy the delivery obligation. The terms on which the delivery obligation of each such IRFC are met are governed by an associated conversion factor yield (“CFY”) value which is associated, in turn, with a corresponding set of conversion factors (“CF”), each of which corresponds to one member of the set of securities eligible for delivery, and which may be used at the time of delivery of such eligible interest rate security, to determine the delivery invoice price. Offering different CFY's and corresponding CF's may enable a market participant who seeks to use such futures to acquire or shed financial risk exposure to select from such array of futures contracts the member contract that most closely mirror the participant's intended risk profile.
Abstract:
The disclosed systems and methods relate to allowing trading of over the counter (“OTC”) foreign exchange (“FX”) contracts on a centralized matching and clearing mechanism, such as that of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange's (“CME”'s) futures exchange system (the “Exchange”). The disclosed systems and methods allow for anonymous transactions, centralized clearing, efficient settlement and the provision of risk management/credit screening mechanisms to lower risk, reduce transaction costs and improve the liquidity in the FX market place. In particular, the disclosed embodiments increase speed of execution facilitating growing demand for algorithmic trading, increased price transparency, lower cost of trading, customer to customer trading, and automated asset allocations, recurring trades as well as clearing and settlement efficiencies.