摘要:
A process and apparatus for direct smelting metalliferous material is disclosed. The invention concentrates injection of solid feed materials comprising metalliferous material and carbonaceous material into a direct smelting vessel during the course of the process into a relatively small region within a metal layer in a molten bath in the vessel in order to generate a substantial upward movement of molten material and gas from the metal layer into a region in the vessel that is above the molten bath. In particular, the invention injects the solid feed materials with sufficient momentum and/or velocity via an opposed pair of lances that are oriented within the vessel and arranged to form overlapping plumes of injected material in the molten bath.
摘要:
A mass of solid aluminium carbide containing product is produced by a process in which a mixture is formed of an aluminium containing material and a carbonaceous material consisting of, containing or yielding carbon. Then the resulting mixture is heated to a temperature sufficient to react carbon of the carbonaceous material with the aluminium of the aluminium containing material to produce solid aluminium carbide. The solid aluminium carbide then is able to be heated with an aluminium compound selected from AI2O3, AI4CO4, AIO, AI2O and mixtures thereof, to produce aluminium metal and carbon monoxide.
摘要翻译:通过其中混合物由含铝材料和由碳组成,含有或产生碳的碳质材料形成的方法制备的大量含固体碳酸铝的产品。 然后将所得混合物加热到足以使含碳材料的碳与含铝材料的铝反应以产生固体碳化铝的温度。 然后固体碳酸铝能够用选自Al 2 O 3,Al 4 CO 4,AIO,Al 2 O及其混合物的铝化合物加热,以产生铝金属和一氧化碳。
摘要:
Magnesiothermic methods of producing solid silicon are provided. In a first embodiment, solid silica and magnesium gas are reacted at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C. to produce solid silicon and solid magnesium oxide, the silicon having a purity from 98.0 to 99.9999%. The silicon is separated from the magnesium oxide using an electrostatic technology. In a second embodiment, the solid silicon is reacted with magnesium gas to produce solid magnesium silicide. The magnesium silicide is contacted with hydrogen chloride gas or hydrochloric acid to produce silane gas. The silane gas is thermally decomposed to produce solid silicon and hydrogen gas, the silicon having a purity of at least 99.9999%. The solid silicon and hydrogen gas are separated into two processing streams. The hydrogen gas is recycled for reaction with chlorine gas to produce hydrogen chloride gas.
摘要:
A process and apparatus are provided that allow metals including metals having stable oxide phases and metals with variable valencies to be extracted from their respective ores via an electrolytic process that is environmentally sound and economically viable. The process for lowering the oxidation state of a metal in a metal oxide comprises providing an electrolysis chamber housing a flux containing a highly reactive metal (e.g. Mg) and having a cathode, an anode, and a solid oxide membrane. A reducing chamber housing the metal oxide having a higher oxidation state to be reduced is provided. A solid oxide membrane (SOM) process is used to generate vapor of the highly reactive metal in the electrolysis chamber. The vapor of the highly reactive metal is directed to the reducing chamber, where the vapor of the highly reactive metal reacts with the metal oxide to be reduced to provide a metal or metal oxide having a lowest oxidation state and an oxide of the highly reactive metal (e.g. MgO). In certain embodiments, the oxide of the highly reactive metal is recycled back to the flux in the electrolysis chamber.
摘要:
A method of winning a metal from its oxide ore by heating the ore in a partial vacuum or under an inert atmosphere in the presence of a reductant. The resulting product may be further reduced electrochemically to produce a purer metal.
摘要:
Magnesiothermic methods of producing solid silicon are provided. In a first embodiment, solid silica and magnesium gas are reacted at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C. to produce solid silicon and solid magnesium oxide, the silicon having a purity from 98.0 to 99.9999%. The silicon is separated from the magnesium oxide using an electrostatic technology. In a second embodiment, the solid silicon is reacted with magnesium gas to produce solid magnesium silicide. The magnesium silicide is contacted with hydrogen chloride gas or hydrochloric acid to produce silane gas. The silane gas is thermally decomposed to produce solid silicon and hydrogen gas, the silicon having a purity of at least 99.9999%. The solid silicon and hydrogen gas are separated into two processing streams. The hydrogen gas is recycled for reaction with chlorine gas to produce hydrogen chloride gas.
摘要:
A process and apparatus for regeneration of acid and metal from spent acid liquors includes the steps of, optionally, concentrating (110) the liquor to a concentrated liquor or solid, pyrohydrolysing (114) to regenerate the acid and form metal oxide pellets, and reducing the oxide to metal in a two stage reduction reactor (116, 118) using a partially combusted fuel as reducing agent. Also disclosed is a two-stage reduction process and reactor for production of direct reduced iron (DRI) from iron oxide ores or wastes, including a first stage (416) in which the oxide feed is contacted with a fuel and a sub-stoichiometric amount of an oxygen source to produce a lower oxidation state oxide, and a second stage (418) in which the lower oxidation stage oxide is contacted with off-gases from the first stage to produce iron metal.
摘要:
A metallic alloy having at least two metallic constituents is produced by first furnishing at least two non-oxide compounds, wherein the non-oxide compounds collectively comprise each of the metallic constituents, and wherein each of the non-oxide compounds is soluble in a mutual solvent. The method further includes dissolving the non-oxide compounds in the mutual solvent to produce a solution containing the metallic constituents, thereafter heating the solution to remove the mutual solvent and oxidize the metallic constituents to produce a mixed metallic oxide, thereafter cooling the mixed metallic oxide to form a substantially homogeneous mixed metallic oxide solid mass, and thereafter chemically reducing the mixed metallic oxide solid mass to produce a metallic alloy. The metallic alloy may be consolidated or otherwise processed.
摘要:
This invention relates to a process for reducing solids containing iron oxide, such as iron ore, in which fine-grained solids are heated and at least partly calcined in a pre-heating stage (2, 9). In a first fluidized-bed reactor (14) downstream of the preheating stage (2, 9), the solids are prereduced and reduced further in a second fluidized-bed reactor (16). Downstream of the second reactor (16) a briquetting stage (20) is provided, in which the solids are briquetted at a temperature above 500° C. To increase the energy efficiency of the process and improve the flowability of the solids in the briquetting stage (20), magnesite is added to the preheating stage (2, 9) together with the solids containing iron oxide, which magnesite is at least partly calcined in the preheating stage (2, 9) to obtain magnesium oxide. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding plant.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing niobium and/or tantalum powder consisting of: a first-stage reduction process of reducing niobium and/or tantalum oxides with alkali metals and/or alkaline-earth metals to obtain low-grade oxide powder represented by (NbTa) Ox, where x=0.06 to 0.35, a process of removing the oxide of alkali metals and/or alkaline-earth metals generated in the first-stage reduction process, and a second-stage reduction process of reducing the low-grade oxide powder obtained in the first-stage reduction process, with a melt solution of alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals to obtain niobium and/or tantalum powder.