摘要:
A method is proposed for actuating an electromagnetic load (3) which can be switched between at least two switching states, particularly a magnetic valve, wherein switching between a first and a second of the switching states takes place as a result of a current flowing through the load (3) by means of applying an electrical voltage to said load (3). Provision is thereby made for the voltage to be clocked upon application thereof to said load (3) if due to the applied voltage the switching process would occur without clocking outside of a current ramp-up. The invention furthermore relates to an electrical circuit for actuating an electromagnetic load (3).
摘要:
A high temperature bonded abrasive includes alumina abrasive grits, and a vitreous bond matrix in which the alumina abrasive grits are distributed, the vitreous bond matrix having a cure temperature not less than 1000° C. The alumina abrasive grits include polycrystalline alpha alumina having a fine crystalline microstructure characterized by an alpha alumina average domain size not greater than 500 nm, and the alumina abrasive grits further include a pinning agent that is a dispersed phase in the polycrystalline alpha alumina.
摘要:
The invention relates to a circuit arrangement (10) for a control device, and a method for operating said circuit arrangement (10). The circuit arrangement (10) comprises a first field-effect transistor (12) actuating the control device, and a comparator, which compares the voltage provided for actuating the control device with a threshold voltage, and which actuates a timed operation of the first field-effect transistor (12) via a control unit (20) if the threshold voltage is exceeded.
摘要:
A polymer composition having enhanced barrier properties includes a polymer base and alumina particulates dispersed within the polymer base. The alumina particulates have a secondary aspect ratio at least about 3:1. The polymer composition has an Oxygen Transfer Index of at least about 150.
摘要:
A method of forming a mixture including a ceramic material into a sheet, sectioning at least a portion of the sheet using a mechanical object and forming at least one shaped abrasive particle from the sheet, such that the at least one shaped abrasive particle can have a two-dimensional shape as viewed in a plane defined by a length and a width of the shaped abrasive particle selected from the group consisting of polygons, ellipsoids, numerals, Greek alphabet characters, Latin alphabet characters, Russian alphabet characters, complex shapes having a combination of polygonal shapes, and a combination thereof.
摘要:
A method for identifying a short circuit to the positive terminal of a battery in a circuit of a motor vehicle. An electronic circuit breaker HS (123) is actuated by a control device (120) and has at least one electrical switch which switches on and off loads (110, 111, 112), the switching state of said switches being reported to the control device (120) and determines that operation is fault-free when the connected loads (110, 111, 112) are supplied with voltage when the electronic circuit breaker HS (123) is switched on and a “short circuit” or “load drop” message is produced at the circuit breaker when the electronic circuit breaker HS (123) is switched off, switching off the supply voltage by the electronic circuit breaker HS (123) is detected at the end of a driving cycle of the motor vehicle. A fault is determined when a “short circuit” or “load drop” message is not produced at the electrical switch.
摘要:
The invention relates to an electric circuit configuration for switching an electrical load (3), particularly a solenoid valve, by means of at least one switching means (5) associated with the consumer (3), particularly a transistor. The circuit configuration comprises at least one analysis circuit comprising at least one measuring resistor (17) connected in series with the switching means (5), at least one first analysis means (23) for determining a parameter corresponding to the short-circuit current, and at least one second analysis means (25) for determining a parameter corresponding to the consumer current. The circuit configuration is characterized in that the first analysis means (23) is connected in parallel with the measurement resistor (17).
摘要:
Processes for forming ceramic particulate material. The ceramic particulate material includes alumina particles, the particles having a specific surface area (SSA) not less than 15 m2/g and not greater than 75 m2/g and a sphericity quantified by at least one of (i) a mean roundness not less than 0.710 as measured by Roundness Correlation Image Analysis, and (ii) a concavity less than 20%, wherein concavity is the percent of alumina particles based on a sample of at least 100 particles, which have a concave outer peripheral portion that extends along a distance not less than 10% of d50 by TEM inspection, the concave outer peripheral portion having a negative radius of curvature as viewed from an interior of the particle.
摘要:
Position/displacement measuring system, comprising a sensor head and an encoded scale body, the scale body extending in a first direction and in a second direction lying transversely to the first direction, and the scale body having a region for incremental position determination with an encoding in the first direction and a region for absolute position determination with an encoding in the second direction, the sensor head having a first sensor device with a sensor resolution parallel to the first direction, which is associated with the region for incremental position determination, and the sensor head having a second sensor device with a sensor resolution in a second direction, which is associated with the region for absolute position determination.
摘要:
An alumina particulate material is disclosed, including particles comprising transitional alumina having an aspect ratio of not less than 3:1 and an average particle size of not less than about 75 nm. Also disclosed are fabrication techniques based on seeded processing pathways.