摘要:
A main optical path disposed between light input and output ends and an auxiliary optical path disposed so as to correspond to the main optical path are optically coupled to each other with first, second, and third optical couplers. The respective optical path lengths of main and auxiliary optical paths differ from each other between the first and second optical couplers and between the second and third optical couplers. Between the first and second optical couplers and between the second and third optical couplers, at least one of the main and auxiliary optical paths is provided with temperature adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of the corresponding optical path.
摘要:
A plurality of optic modulators implemented using segmented electrodes and nonparallel waveguide structures are cascaded using optical couplers to provide a linearization of the overall electro-optic transfer function. Each of the optical modulators which are coupled in cascade have an electrode structure which is divided into a plurality of relatively small segments. The segments are connected via bond wires and transmission lines on an adjoining microwave circuit board. Each of the optical modulators includes a pair of waveguides which are sloped so as to result in a nonparallel waveguide structure which reduces acoustic effects, e.g., ripple. By using a plurality of small segments to implement the electrode structure a high degree of sensitivity is achieved as compared to when a single lengthy electrode structure is used. The combination of the non-parallel waveguides and a segmented electrode provides for a relatively large flat frequency response, e.g., in excess of 1 GHz. The electrode structure is also designed to minimize the effective capacitance of the electrode structure to thereby broaden the bandwidth of the optic modulator of the present invention as compared to devices using solid center electrodes.
摘要:
A spectrometer includes an interferometer having a first interference arm and a second interference arm to produce interference patterns from incident light. At least one of the interference arms includes a series of cascaded optical switches connected by two (or more) waveguides of different lengths. Each optical switch directs the incident light into one waveguide or another, thereby changing the optical path length difference between the first interference arm and the second interference arm. This approach can be extended to multi-mode incident light by placing parallel interferometers together, each of which performs spectroscopy of one single mode in the multi-mode incident light. To maintain the compactness of the spectrometer, adjacent interferometers can share one interference arm.
摘要:
Photonic data routing in optical networks is expected overcome the limitations of electronic routers with respect to data rate, latency, and energy consumption. However photonics-based routers suffer from dynamic power consumption, and non-simultaneous usage of multiple wavelength channels when microrings are deployed and are sizable in footprint. Here we show a design for the first hybrid photonic-plasmonic, non-blocking, broadband 5×5 router based on 3-waveguide silicon photonic-plasmonic 2×2 switches. The compactness of the router (footprint
摘要:
An electro-holographic light field generator device is disclosed. The light field generator device has an optical substrate with a waveguide face and an exit face. One or more surface acoustic wave (SAW) optical modulator devices are included within each light field generator device. The SAW devices each include a light input, a waveguide, and a SAW transducer, all configured for guided mode confinement of input light within the waveguide. A leaky mode deflection of a portion of the waveguided light, or diffractive light, impinges upon the exit face. Multiple output optics at the exit face are configured for developing from each of the output optics a radiated exit light from the diffracted light for at least one of the waveguides. An RF controller is configured to control the SAW devices to develop the radiated exit light as a three-dimensional output light field with horizontal parallax and compatible with observer vertical motion.
摘要:
An integrated optical beam steering device includes a planar dielectric lens that collimates beams from different inputs in different directions within the lens plane. It also includes an output coupler, such as a grating or photonic crystal, that guides the collimated beams in different directions out of the lens plane. A switch matrix controls which input port is illuminated and hence the in-plane propagation direction of the collimated beam. And a tunable light source changes the wavelength to control the angle at which the collimated beam leaves the plane of the substrate. The device is very efficient, in part because the input port (and thus in-plane propagation direction) can be changed by actuating only log2 N of the N switches in the switch matrix. It can also be much simpler, smaller, and cheaper because it needs fewer control lines than a conventional optical phased array with the same resolution.
摘要:
A spectrometer includes an interferometer having a first interference arm and a second interference arm to produce interference patterns from incident light. At least one of the interference arms includes a series of cascaded optical switches connected by two (or more) waveguides of different lengths. Each optical switch directs the incident light into one waveguide or another, thereby changing the optical path length difference between the first interference arm and the second interference arm. This approach can be extended to multi-mode incident light by placing parallel interferometers together, each of which performs spectroscopy of one single mode in the multi-mode incident light. To maintain the compactness of the spectrometer, adjacent interferometers can share one interference arm.
摘要:
An optical routing element may include a planar dielectric photonic crystal which includes a lattice of holes having a first linear defect adjacent a second linear defect, with the two defects being separated by a central row of lattice holes. The first linear defect in the lattice of holes may form a first single mode line defect waveguide, and the second linear defect in the lattice of holes may form a second single mode line defect waveguide. Optical energy may be selectively coupled between the first and second waveguides across the central row of lattice holes. A free-carrier injector may be included to inject free-carriers into the dielectric photonic crystal, activation of which may alter selectivity of the optical coupling between the first and second waveguides. A plurality of optical routing elements with associated free-carrier injectors may be interconnected to form a bi-directional optical routing array.
摘要:
An optical switch includes a substrate, a ring resonator formed on the substrate, a first waveguide formed on the substrate in optical coupling with the ring resonator, the first waveguide being configured to guide a WDM signal, an optical detector configured to detect an optical signal component in said ring resonator, a temperature regulator driven in response to an output signal of the optical detector, the temperature regulator being configured to change a temperature of the ring resonator, the ring resonator having a resonant wavelength corresponding to a wavelength of an optical signal component that constitutes the WDM signal, the ring resonator, the optical detector and the temperature regulator constituting together a feedback control system that locks the resonant wavelength of the ring resonator to the wavelength of the optical signal component in the WDM signal.
摘要:
Apparatus and method embodiments are provided for implementing a wavelength selective switch (WSS). The embodiments use combinations of switchable polarization grating (SPG) and LC cells and combinations of polymer polarization grating (PPG) and LC cells to achieve 1×N WSS systems. An embodiment optical switch includes a liquid crystal cell and a polymer polarization grating (PPG) cell adjacent to the liquid crystal cell. The PPG includes a glass substrate, a photo-alignment layer overlying the glass substrate and comprising photosensitive polymer that has been physically altered by exposure using two interfering light beams with opposite handedness of circular polarization, and a polymerized liquid crystal layer overlying the photo-alignment layer on an opposite side of the glass substrate, the polymerized liquid crystal layer has been physically altered by illumination using a uniform light beam.