公开(公告)号：US06983110B2

公开(公告)日：2006-01-03

申请号：US09792150

申请日：2001-02-22

申请人： Lisa A. Buckman ,  Ian Hardcastle

发明人： Lisa A. Buckman ,  Ian Hardcastle

IPC分类号： H04B10/06

CPC分类号： H04B10/69

摘要： The optical receiver comprises an optical input path, a light detector array, an optical converging element and an information signal generator. The light detector array includes light detectors and a light-sensitive surface. Each light detector generates an electrical signal in response to light. The optical converging element is located to focus an optical input signal received via the optical input path to form a spot on the light-sensitive surface of the light detector array. The spot has an area less than the area of the light-sensitive surface but greater than the area of one of the light detectors. The information signal generator generates an electrical information signal from at least one of the electrical signals. In an embodiment, the information signal generator includes a summer that sums the electrical signals generated by the light detectors to generate the electrical information signal. In another embodiment, the information signal generator operates to identify the electrical signals generated in response to the optical input signal, to generate the electrical information signal from the electrical signals and to exclude from the electrical information signal ones of the electrical signals not identified as being generated in response to the optical input signal. In another embodiment, the information signal generator selects one of the identified electrical signals as the electrical information signal.

公开(公告)号：US06842557B2

公开(公告)日：2005-01-11

申请号：US10418669

申请日：2003-04-18

申请人： Datong Chen ,  John C. Philipp ,  Ian Hardcastle

发明人： Datong Chen ,  John C. Philipp ,  Ian Hardcastle

IPC分类号： G02B26/08 ,  G02B6/12 ,  G02B6/35 ,  G02B6/26

CPC分类号： G02B6/352 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/3578 ,  G02B2006/12104

摘要： An optical switch that includes optical paths organized into a set of M input optical paths and a set of N output optical paths, where at least one of M and N is greater than unity. The optical switch additionally includes a faceted mirror corresponding to each of the M input optical paths and including N facets and a faceted mirror corresponding to each of the N output optical paths and including M facets. Finally, the optical switch includes a moving mechanism coupled to each faceted mirror to step the faceted mirror linearly in a direction orthogonal to the optical paths to selectively align one of the facets of the faceted mirror with the one of the optical paths with which the faceted mirror is associated. The facets of each of the faceted mirror corresponding to one of the sets of optical paths, i.e., the set of input optical paths or the set of output optical paths, are preferably angled to reflect light towards a different one of the faceted mirrors corresponding to the other of the sets of optical paths, i.e., the set of output optical paths or the set of input optical paths, respectively.

摘要翻译： 一种光学开关，其包括组织成一组M个输入光路的光路和一组N个输出光路，其中M和N中的至少一个大于1。 光开关还包括与M个输入光路中的每一个相对应的分面镜，并且包括N个刻面和与N个输出光路中的每一个相对应并包括M个刻面的刻面镜。 最后，光学开关包括耦合到每个刻面镜的移动机构，以在垂直于光路的方向上线性地平移成双面反射镜，以便选择性地对准分面反射镜的一个面与光刻面之一 镜子相关联。 对应于光路组中的一组，即输入光路组或输出光路组的每一个分面反射镜的小面最好是成角度的，以将光反射到对应于 光路组中的另一组，即输出光路组或输入光路组。

公开(公告)号：US06178025B1

公开(公告)日：2001-01-23

申请号：US08984394

申请日：1997-12-03

申请人： Ian Hardcastle ,  Kim Bryon Roberts

发明人： Ian Hardcastle ,  Kim Bryon Roberts

IPC分类号： H04B1002

CPC分类号： H04B10/0771 ,  H04B10/077 ,  H04B10/0775 ,  H04B10/079 ,  H04B10/0793 ,  H04B10/07955 ,  H04B2210/071

摘要： Loss of optical signal is detected in a synchronous communications system by detecting features of a monitor signal occurring at a detection frequency corresponding to the frame rate. Since the frame rate is substantially less than the bit rate, monitoring and detection can be performed at a lower bandwidth than the bit rate. An auto-correlation circuit utilises delays which are an integral multiple of the frame rate and produces a detection value which is compared with a threshold value. Alternatively, detection may be based on a power measurement of a band pass filtered monitor signal by setting the lower bandwidth limit above zero frequency and normalizing the measurement of power relative to an average power measurement. A loss of signal may then be detected by a change in power measurement relative to a threshold and can be used for asynchronous systems as well as synchronous systems. Loss of signal detection may be utilised to control an optical switch to re-route optical signals and generate alarm signals. The use of such detection in all optical networks avoids the requirement for electronic processing at the bit rate as a means of detection of loss of signal.

摘要翻译： 通过检测以对应于帧速率的检测频率发生的监视信号的特征，在同步通信系统中检测到光信号的损失。 由于帧速率基本上小于比特率，所以可以以比比特率更低的带宽执行监视和检测。 自相关电路利用作为帧速率的整数倍的延迟，并产生与阈值进行比较的检测值。 或者，检测可以基于带通滤波监视信号的功率测量，其通过将低带宽限制设置在零频率以上并且相对于平均功率测量来规范功率测量。 然后可以通过功率测量相对于阈值的变化来检测信号损失，并且可以用于异步系统以及同步系统。 可以利用信号检测的损失来控制光开关以重新路由光信号并产生报警信号。 在所有光网络中使用这种检测，避免了以比特率的电子处理的需求，作为检测信号损失的手段。

公开(公告)号：US5959749A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-28

申请号：US81666

申请日：1997-05-20

申请人： David John Danagher ,  Alan G. Solheim ,  Maurice S. O'Sullivan ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Kim Byron Roberts ,  Duncan John Forbes ,  Nigel Baker ,  Ian Hardcastle ,  Takis Hadjifotiou ,  Bipin Patel ,  Giuseppe Bordogna ,  James St. Leger Harley

发明人： David John Danagher ,  Alan G. Solheim ,  Maurice S. O'Sullivan ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Kim Byron Roberts ,  Duncan John Forbes ,  Nigel Baker ,  Ian Hardcastle ,  Takis Hadjifotiou ,  Bipin Patel ,  Giuseppe Bordogna ,  James St. Leger Harley

IPC分类号： H04J14/02 ,  H04Q11/00 ,  H04J14/00

CPC分类号： H04J14/0221 ,  H04J14/0212 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0016 ,  H04Q2011/0024 ,  H04Q2011/0039 ,  H04Q2011/0069

摘要： An add/drop multiplexer/demultiplexer (ADM) for switching, modulating and attenuating optical signals in a fiber optic network employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is disclosed. The ADM is equipped an optical multiplexer for splitting an input WDM signal into individual optical signals, leading to respective 2.times.2 switches. Each switch has another input originating from a plurality of "add lines", and selects one of its inputs to be dropped and the other to continue along a main signal path. The retained signals may be modulated and attenuated prior to being tapped and finally multiplexed together by a WDM multiplexer. The tapped signals are optoelectronically converted and fed back to a controller, preferably a digital signal processor running a software algorithm, which controls the switching, modulation and attenuation. This permits remote control of the ADM functions by encoding instructions for the controller into a low-frequency dither signal that is embedded within the individual optical signals. The ADM can accordingly be instructed to reroute traffic, dynamically equalize or otherwise change optical channel power levels, and add or remove dither, all in real time. A specific optical channel may be reserved for control purposes, allowing a network administrator to "log in" to the ADM to override the controller software algorithm. Optionally, the optical signals can be tapped upon entry to the ADM. A bidirectional ADM can be constructed from two unidirectional ADMs, and may share the same controller. Also, a single, general multi-input multi-output switch can be used to provide an arbitrary mapping between individual input and output optical signals.

公开(公告)号：US5422752A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-06

申请号：US20690

申请日：1993-02-22

申请人： Ian Hardcastle

发明人： Ian Hardcastle

IPC分类号： H03J7/02 ,  H04B1/26 ,  H04B10/04 ,  H04B10/06 ,  H04B10/142 ,  H04B10/148 ,  H04B10/152 ,  H04L27/12

CPC分类号： H04B10/60 ,  H04B10/64

摘要： An optical transmission system utilizing at a transmitter (100) continuous phase frequency shift keyed modulation of a laser (14) and a coherent heterodyne receiver (200) therefor, the system including at the transmitter means for imposing (18,12) a low frequency modulation on the transmitter optical power and frequency deviation and at the receiver means for extracting (28) from the receiver AGC control signal a replica of the low frequency modulation, means for demodulating (32) the modulated frequency deviation of the received optical signal synchronously with respect to the extracted low frequency signal, means for deriving (34) from the demodulated signal an error signal and a control system responsive to the error signal to control the receiver local oscillator (22) frequency.

摘要翻译： 一种在发射机（100）利用激光器（14）和相干外差接收器（200）的连续相位频移键控调制的光传输系统，该系统包括在发射机装置处，用于强制（18,12）低频 对发射机光功率和频率偏差的调制，以及在接收机装置中，用于从接收机AGC控制信号提取低频调制复制品（28），用于同步地解调（32）接收的光信号的调制频偏 相对于所提取的低频信号，用于从解调信号中导出（34）误差信号的装置和响应于误差信号的控制系统以控制接收机本地振荡器（22）频率的装置。