摘要:
A projection exposure apparatus and method having a projection optical system with a plurality of projection optical units and being excellent in matching between images formed through the respective projection optical units. First and second substrates are moved relatively to a projection optical system to project a pattern formed on the first substrate through the projection optical system onto the second substrate to effect exposure thereon. The projection optical system is provided with a plurality of projection optical units each forming a real-size erect image of the pattern formed on the first substrate on the second substrate. Each of the projection optical units has a plurality of reflective surfaces and is telecentric at least on an image side. The projection exposure apparatus also has a correcting mechanism disposed to correct an error of orientation between a plurality of images formed on the second substrate by the plurality of projection optical units.
摘要:
In an active matrix structure for liquid crystal display elements which includes pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix form on a glass base plate, thin film transistors having their drains connected to the pixel electrodes, respectively, data lines each connected to sources of the thin film transistors of one column and gate lines connected to gates of the thin film transistors of one row, there are provided in the same plane a light blocking layer disposed opposite each of the thin film transistors across an insulating layer, a storage capacitance electrode disposed partly opposite each of the pixel electrodes across the insulating layer and storage capacitance lines for interconnecting the capacitance electrodes. The light blocking layers, the storage capacitance electrodes and the storage capacitance lines are formed of the same material and at the same time.
摘要:
An ion permeable membrane, comprising two or more groups of substances having different sensitive wavelength regions in a lipid membrane, is provided.
摘要:
An illumination optical system which illuminates an illumination objective surface with a light from a light source. The illumination optical system includes a spatial light modulator which includes a plurality of optical elements arranged within a predetermined plane and controlled individually, and which forms a light intensity distribution in an illumination pupil of the illumination optical system; and a polarization unit which is arranged in a position optically conjugate with the predetermined plane, and which polarizes an incident light beam having a first and second partial light beams, coming into the polarization unit such that the first and second partial light beams have polarization states different from each other, and emits the polarized incident light beam as an outgoing light beam, wherein the polarization unit changes, in a cross section of the outgoing light beam, a ratio between a cross sectional areas of the first and second partial light beams.
摘要:
An illumination optical system which illuminates an illumination objective surface with a light from a light source. The illumination optical system includes a spatial light modulator which includes a plurality of optical elements arranged within a predetermined plane and controlled individually, and which forms a light intensity distribution in an illumination pupil of the illumination optical system; and a polarization unit which is arranged in a position optically conjugate with the predetermined plane, and which polarizes an incident light beam having a first and second partial light beams, coming into the polarization unit such that the first and second partial light beams have polarization states different from each other, and emits the polarized incident light beam as an outgoing light beam, wherein the polarization unit changes, in a cross section of the outgoing light beam, a ratio between a cross sectional areas of the first and second partial light beams.
摘要:
An apparatus includes a plurality of projection optical systems, each including optical elements arranged in an optical path between a first plane and a second plane and forming a radiation pattern from the first plane onto an exposure field on the second plane via the optical elements. A movable portion is disposed in the side of the second plane with respect to the projection optical systems, which holds an object to be moved relative to the exposure field in a first direction in the second plane during scanning exposure of the object in which the radiation patterns are formed on the object as the object is moved in the first direction. The projection optical systems may include an adjustable wedge prism. The projection optical systems may include first and second optical units, optical axes of the first and second optical units being decentered from each other.
摘要:
A decomposition apparatus and a decomposition method using the apparatus in which a substance to be decomposed is decomposed with high efficiency are disclosed. A decomposition apparatus includes condensation means for increasing the concentration of the substance, and decomposition means provided with a decomposition chamber (predetermined space) for receiving and decomposing the substance. The substance of which concentration is increased by the condensation means, in a gaseous state, is directly transported to the decomposition chamber and is decomposed.
摘要:
A scanning projection exposure apparatus transfers a pattern of a mask onto a photosensitive substrate while moving the photosensitive substrate along a scanning direction. The scanning projection exposure apparatus can include an illumination optical system optically connected to a light source, and a projection optical system arranged in an optical path between the mask and the substrate. The illumination optical system illuminates the mask with linearly polarized light whose polarization direction extends along one of the scanning direction and a direction perpendicular to the scanning direction, without losses in quantity of light. The illumination optical system of the scanning projection exposure apparatus also can include a wave plate which is rotatable about a traveling direction of the light.
摘要:
The present invention enables efficient decomposition without involving burdensome operations of carrying out decomposition of undecomposed pollutants discharged at the time of starting decomposition processing and undecomposed pollutants remaining at the time of interruption and termination of decomposition processing, separately from primary decomposition. At the time of starting decomposition, the steps of supplying a substance, which functions to decompose the pollutant, to a decomposition area, applying light to the decomposition area and supplying a decomposition target substance to the reaction area are carried out in the recited order, while at the time of ending decomposition, the operations of supplying the decomposition target substance, applying light to the decomposition area and supplying the substance, which functions to decompose the pollutant to the decomposition area are carried out in the recited order.
摘要:
A scanning projection exposure apparatus transfers a pattern of a mask onto a photosensitive substrate while moving the photosensitive substrate along a scanning direction. The scanning projection exposure apparatus can include an illumination optical system optically connected to a light source, and a projection optical system arranged in an optical path between the mask and the substrate. The illumination optical system illuminates the mask with linearly polarized light whose polarization direction extends along one of the scanning direction and a direction perpendicular to the scanning direction, without losses in quantity of light. The illumination optical system of the scanning projection exposure apparatus also can include a wave plate which is rotatable about a traveling direction of the light.