摘要:
A process for treating colored liquid comprises a step of contacting a colored liquid and functional water generated by electrolysis of a water solution of an electrolyte under light irradiation, to decolorize efficiently and stably to a low chromaticity.
摘要:
A biologically pure culture of Pseudomonas cepacia strain KK01 (FERM BP-4235) is capable of degrading trichloroethylene. A method for obtaining microorganisms having a trichloroethylene degrading ability comprises the steps of culturing microorganisms separated from the bodies of termites in a culture medium. A method for remediating a soil contaminated with trichloroethylene comprises the steps of providing a soil contaminated with trichloroethylene and bringing microorganisms having a trichloroethylene degrading ability derived from intestine of termites into contact with the soil, and biodegrading trichloroethylene in the soil. A method for biodegrading trichloroethylene, comprises the steps of culturing Pseudomonas cepacia KK01 (FERM BP-4235) under existence of an inducer and inducing Pseudomonas cepacia KK01 (FERM BP-4235) to have ability for degrading trichloroethylene and bringing Pseudomonas cepacia KK01 having trichloroethylene degrading ability to contact with trichloroethylene and biodegrading trichloroethylene.
摘要:
A polymer dispersed liquid crystal optical device is presented which has optical elements which control reflection, transmission and diffraction of incident light entering the device by adjusting the magnitude of the electrical field applied to the device between a maximum and a minimum limits. An optical element consists of a polymer material having an electrical field-independent refractive index, and a liquid crystal material having an electrical field-dependent refractive index. The optical elements are distributed through the device at specific inter-element spacings, thus enabling to generate reflection of incident light in accordance with Bragg's law of reflection. The inter-element spacings can also be varied by the application of the field, thus enabling to generate reflection of light of a desired wavelength. Such optical elements are ideal for use in full color optical display apparatus of a matrix driven type. Methods for producing the optical device and optical display apparatus are also presented.
摘要:
A projection exposure apparatus and method having a projection optical system with a plurality of projection optical units and being excellent in matching between images formed through the respective projection optical units. First and second substrates are moved relatively to a projection optical system to project a pattern formed on the first substrate through the projection optical system onto the second substrate to effect exposure thereon. The projection optical system is provided with a plurality of projection optical units each forming a real-size erect image of the pattern formed on the first substrate on the second substrate. Each of the projection optical units has a plurality of reflective surfaces and is telecentric at least on an image side. The projection exposure apparatus also has a correcting mechanism disposed to correct an error of orientation between a plurality of images formed on the second substrate by the plurality of projection optical units.
摘要:
In an active matrix structure for liquid crystal display elements which includes pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix form on a glass base plate, thin film transistors having their drains connected to the pixel electrodes, respectively, data lines each connected to sources of the thin film transistors of one column and gate lines connected to gates of the thin film transistors of one row, there are provided in the same plane a light blocking layer disposed opposite each of the thin film transistors across an insulating layer, a storage capacitance electrode disposed partly opposite each of the pixel electrodes across the insulating layer and storage capacitance lines for interconnecting the capacitance electrodes. The light blocking layers, the storage capacitance electrodes and the storage capacitance lines are formed of the same material and at the same time.
摘要:
An ion permeable membrane, comprising two or more groups of substances having different sensitive wavelength regions in a lipid membrane, is provided.
摘要:
An illumination optical system which illuminates an illumination objective surface with a light from a light source. The illumination optical system includes a spatial light modulator which includes a plurality of optical elements arranged within a predetermined plane and controlled individually, and which forms a light intensity distribution in an illumination pupil of the illumination optical system; and a polarization unit which is arranged in a position optically conjugate with the predetermined plane, and which polarizes an incident light beam having a first and second partial light beams, coming into the polarization unit such that the first and second partial light beams have polarization states different from each other, and emits the polarized incident light beam as an outgoing light beam, wherein the polarization unit changes, in a cross section of the outgoing light beam, a ratio between a cross sectional areas of the first and second partial light beams.
摘要:
An illumination optical system which illuminates an illumination objective surface with a light from a light source. The illumination optical system includes a spatial light modulator which includes a plurality of optical elements arranged within a predetermined plane and controlled individually, and which forms a light intensity distribution in an illumination pupil of the illumination optical system; and a polarization unit which is arranged in a position optically conjugate with the predetermined plane, and which polarizes an incident light beam having a first and second partial light beams, coming into the polarization unit such that the first and second partial light beams have polarization states different from each other, and emits the polarized incident light beam as an outgoing light beam, wherein the polarization unit changes, in a cross section of the outgoing light beam, a ratio between a cross sectional areas of the first and second partial light beams.
摘要:
A decomposition apparatus and a decomposition method using the apparatus in which a substance to be decomposed is decomposed with high efficiency are disclosed. A decomposition apparatus includes condensation means for increasing the concentration of the substance, and decomposition means provided with a decomposition chamber (predetermined space) for receiving and decomposing the substance. The substance of which concentration is increased by the condensation means, in a gaseous state, is directly transported to the decomposition chamber and is decomposed.
摘要:
The present invention enables efficient decomposition without involving burdensome operations of carrying out decomposition of undecomposed pollutants discharged at the time of starting decomposition processing and undecomposed pollutants remaining at the time of interruption and termination of decomposition processing, separately from primary decomposition. At the time of starting decomposition, the steps of supplying a substance, which functions to decompose the pollutant, to a decomposition area, applying light to the decomposition area and supplying a decomposition target substance to the reaction area are carried out in the recited order, while at the time of ending decomposition, the operations of supplying the decomposition target substance, applying light to the decomposition area and supplying the substance, which functions to decompose the pollutant to the decomposition area are carried out in the recited order.