摘要:
A data card wherein various data are recorded with a fluorescent material which emits infrared rays when excited by infrared rays is disclosed.The data card according to this invention has such merit that it is very effective for the preservation of secrecy and the prevention of forgery, that it is not affected by stains, that different information can be recorded thereon one over the other, and that it can be read by an extraordinarily compact reader.
摘要:
An infrared rays excited - infrared rays emitting fluorescent material which contains predetermined quantities of neodymium and ytterbium as activators is disclosed.The fluorescent material according to this invention is higher in the luminescence intensity than a conventional, infrared rays excited - infrared rays emitting fluorescent material which is activated with neodymium only. Moreover, its maximum luminescence wavelength lies within a wavelength region which a silicon photosensor can detect at high sensitivity. It is therefore very useful in practical use.The fluorescent material is represented by the following formula:MM'.sub.1-x-y Nd.sub.x Yb.sub.y P.sub.4 O.sub.12wherein M denotes at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs, and M' denotes at least one element selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Ce, Gd, Lu, Ga and In, and where 0.05 .ltoreq. x .ltoreq. 0.999, 0.001 .ltoreq. y .ltoreq. 0.950, and x + y .ltoreq. 1.0.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the InventionThis invention relates to a fluorescent material which is excited by infrared rays and which emits infrared rays (such a fluorescent material shall be termed an "infrared - infrared fluorescent material" in the present specification). More particularly, it relates to an infrared - infrared fluorescent material which is higher in the luminescence intensity than conventional infrared - infrared fluorescent materials and the peak of luminescence wavelength of which is well adapted to the responsivity spectrum of a solid-state photosensor.2. Description of the Prior ArtThe infrared - infrared fluorescent material had scanty applications in the past unlike other fluorescent materials, and only a very small number of substances were developed.Recently, however, the applications of the infrared - infrared fluorescent material have gradually widened for, e.g., the sensors of various analyzers. In consequence, an infrared - infrared fluorescent material exhibiting more excellent characteristics than in the prior art has been desired.It is stated in the following reference that several substances containing Nd, for example, CaWO.sub.4, Y.sub.3 Al.sub.5 O.sub.12, LaF.sub.3, CaNb.sub.2 O.sub.6 etc. can be used for solid-state devices for laser oscillation;(1) "Luminescence of Insulating Solid for Optical Masers," L. G. van Vitert in Luminescence of Inorganic Solids, ed. by Paul Goldberg, p. 465 - 5399, Academic Press 1966.Any of the above-mentioned substances has been used as the solid-state element for laser oscillation under the state of the single crystal, and there has not been any example in which it is employed as a fluorescent material. It is surely possible to use the substances as infrared - infrared fluorescent materials in the form of fine powder. The compounds which contain Nd ions have the properties that radiation in the infrared wavelength region is intensely absorbed by the Nd ions and that the efficiency of infrared emission is high. However, the concentration of cations to substitute is as low as several %, and the Nd ion concentration per unit volume is not high. Therefore, even if the substances are used as the powdery fluorescent materials, the influence of scattering on the powder surfaces will appear conspicuously, and it will be difficult to obtain a high output.Recently, several substances for new miniature elements have been reported in the following references:(2) "Minilasers of Neodymium Compounds," Stephen R. Chinn et al in Laser Focus, May 1976, p. 64 - 69.(3) "Stoichiometric Laser Materials," H. Danielmeyer in Festkorperproblem XV, p. 253, 1975, Viehweg (West Germany).The substance are the single-crystals of LiNdP.sub.4 O.sub.12, NdP.sub.5 O.sub.14, Al.sub.3 NdB.sub.4 O.sub.12 etc. A common feature is that the Nd ion concentration per unit volume is at least one order higher than the concentrations in the compounds mentioned previously. It is accordingly possible to obtain a high luminescence output even in case of the powdery form.However, the principal emission by the Nd ions lies in the vicinity of 1,050 nm, and this wavelength matches ill with the spectral sensitivity of a silicon photodetector which is the most excellent in the near infrared region. Accordingly, a fluorescent material with which a higher detector output is obtained is requested.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAn object of this invention is to solve the problems of the prior arts and to provide a fluorescent material which has a high luminescence intensity and the luminescence of which can be detected at high sensitivity by a solid-state photosensor.In order to accomplish the object, this invention adds predetermined quantities of neodymium ions (Nd.sup.3+) and ytterbium ions (Yb.sup.3+) as activators, thereby to make the luminescence intensity high and to regulate the emission spectrum into a favorable shape.
摘要:
A function for checking whether components of an automatic analyzer properly operate is made available. A pressure sensor is installed in a sample path. A pressure waveform obtained during a washing water discharge operation 10 is used to check the opening/closing of a solenoid valve and the other operations of a dispensing mechanism. This function can also be exercised when a pressure sensor for a conventional sample suction check process is used. Even when the solenoid valve fails to open or close, an alarm is issued to indicate such a failure. This makes it possible to prevent a sample from thinning, thereby providing enhanced data reliability.
摘要:
An ultrasonic transmitting/receiving circuit equipped with: a semiconductor circuit element which comprises at least three terminals including a first terminal connected to a plurality of transducer elements that constitute an ultrasonic probe, a second terminal connected to a transmission signal generating circuit, and a third terminal serving as an output terminal of an amplifier of a reception signal from the transducer element, and which has a function of amplifying a signal inputted from one terminal by the other terminal and outputting the amplified signal between at least two terminals among the above-said three terminals; and a control unit which performs control so as to cause the semiconductor circuit element to perform a first function of functioning as a switch for inputting a transmission signal to the transducer element and a second function of amplifying the reception signal received from the transducer element.
摘要:
[Problem] To provide a group III nitride semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the same in which dislocation density in a semiconductor layer can be precisely reduced.[Solution] In manufacturing a group III nitride semiconductor device 1, a mask layer 40 is formed on a substrate 20, followed by selectively growing nanocolumns 50 made of a group III nitride semiconductor through a pattern 44 of the mask layer 40 in order to grow a group III nitride semiconductor layer 10 on the mask layer 40.
摘要:
A wet friction member contains a pulverized cork heated to 150-200° C. if necessary. The pulverized cork is mixed with other papermaking materials and formed into a paper-made substrate. The paper-made substrate is impregnated with a synthetic resin to be a binder and heated and cured. The cork itself has a high friction coefficient μ. Moreover, a powder thereof increases surface area and area in contact with a separator plate of a counter member, thereby improving a friction coefficient of a friction surface of the wet friction member. The friction coefficient of the cork itself and capacities for absorbing and discharging oil are improved by heating the cork. Thus, there is provided a wet friction member that has a higher friction coefficient μ. An increase in the friction coefficient μ, weight reduction by reducing the number of friction members, and high efficiency are achieved when used as a wet friction member.
摘要:
A centrifugal blower includes a centrifugal fan; an electric motor that rotationally drives the centrifugal fan; a fan case that has an air inlet and an air outlet and that internally accommodates the centrifugal fan; and an electric motor case (8) that has a cylinder (6) accommodating the electric motor and a flange portion (7) extending radially outward from the cylinder (6) and that is fitted to the fan case. The flange portion (7) is provided with a ring-shaped rib portion (20) that protrudes from the flange portion (7); the ring-shaped rib portion (20) is provided with a plurality of slits (22a and 22b) that extend from the flange portion (7) in the axial direction of the cylinder (6); and the flange portion (7) between the ring-shaped rib portion (20) and the cylinder (6) is inclined in a circumferential direction toward the slits (22a and 22b).
摘要:
An object is to provide a vehicle heat-exchange module capable of optimizing the whole of a stator blade that deflects a flow in the swirling direction produced by a cooling fan, thereby reducing the work performed by the cooling fan and eventually reducing the input power to the cooling fan, and to provide a vehicle having the vehicle heat-exchange module. According to the vehicle heat-exchange module (10), the stator blade (30) arranged on the downstream side of the cooling fan (16) is divided by an intermediate ring (31) into inner-circumference-side stator blade members (32A) and outer-circumference-side stator blade members (32B), and the number of the inner-circumference-side stator blade members (32A) for installation is made smaller than that of the outer-circumference-side stator blade members (32B), thus setting the pitch/chord ratio within an appropriate range at each of the inner circumference side and the outer circumference side. As a result, a flow in the swirling direction produced by the cooling fan (16) is efficiently deflected by the whole of the stator blade (30), thereby reducing the work performed by the cooling fan (16) and eventually reducing the input power to the cooling fan (16).
摘要:
The present invention provides a process for preparing a fluorine-containing propene represented by the chemical formula CF3CF═CX1X2, wherein X1 is a hydrogen atom or chlorine atom, and X2 is a fluorine atom, chlorine atom, or hydrogen atom, by reacting a halogenated propene represented by the chemical formula CCIYZCF═CX1X2, wherein X1 and X2 are the same as above, and Y and Z may be the same or different and individually indicate a fluorine atom or chlorine atom, with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in a gas phase in the presence of a chromium oxide or a fluorinated chromium oxide as a fluorination catalyst. The process of the present invention provides a fluorine-containing propene represented by the chemical formula CF3CF═CClX, wherein X is Cl, H or F, under relatively mild conditions at a high yield.
摘要翻译:本发明提供由化学式CF 3CF≡CX1 X 2表示的含氟丙烯的制备方法,其中X 1为氢原子或氯原子,X 2为氟原子,氯原子或氢原子,通过使卤代 由化学式CCIYZCF≡CX1X2表示的丙烯,其中X1和X2与上述相同,Y和Z可以相同或不同,并且分别表示氟原子或氯原子,在气相中用无水氟化氢 作为氟化催化剂存在铬氧化物或氟化铬氧化物。 本发明的方法在相对温和的条件下以高产率提供由化学式CF 3CF≡CClX表示的含氟丙烯,其中X为Cl,H或F。
摘要:
A material pressure feeding apparatus 10 includes a container 12 for receiving a bag 11, in which a viscous material M is contained, a press member 13 exerting a pressing force on the material, a pressure feeder 15 pressure-feeding, to the outside, the material M sucked by the pressing force by the press member 13, and an annular member 16 positioned on the outer peripheral side of the press member 13. The press member 13 has a supporting space S on the outer peripheral side thereof, and a ring portion 40 constituting an annular member 16 is supported in the supporting space S in a relatively movable state. Thus, even when the press member 13 is inclined, the annular member 16 is configured so as not to form a clearance between it and the inner peripheral surface of the container 12 without any influence of the inclination.