公开(公告)号：US20100121231A1

公开(公告)日：2010-05-13

申请号：US12576891

申请日：2009-10-09

申请人： Alan Y. Chow ,  George Y. McLean ,  Vincent Y. Chow ,  Jay Cech ,  Christopher M. Bonner ,  Vladimir Gelfandbein

发明人： Alan Y. Chow ,  George Y. McLean ,  Vincent Y. Chow ,  Jay Cech ,  Christopher M. Bonner ,  Vladimir Gelfandbein

IPC分类号： A61F9/00

CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 ,  A61H5/00 ,  A61N1/0543 ,  A61N2/06 ,  A61N2/12

摘要： Mechanically activated objects or devices for use in treating degenerative retinal diseases are provided. Such devices apply mechanical forces to tissues of an eye to effectuate treatment and are configured for chronic implantation (thereby applying chronic stimulation/irritation) in or on the eye. The devices may be configured for contact with a retina of the eye, preferably positioned in a subretinal space. Various embodiments comprise a moving member configured for chronic contact with at least a portion of the eye, which moving member is activated by an actuator. In some embodiments, the actuator may be distally located relative to the moving member. Alternatively, the moving member may be supported by a body member that, optionally, also supports the actuator.

摘要翻译： 提供用于治疗退行性视网膜疾病的机械活化物体或装置。 这样的装置将机械力施加到眼睛的组织以实现治疗，并且被配置为在眼睛中或眼睛上进行慢性植入（从而施加慢性刺激/刺激）。 所述装置可以被配置为与眼睛的视网膜接触，优选地定位在视网膜下空间中。 各种实施例包括构造成用于与眼睛的至少一部分慢性接触的移动构件，该移动构件由致动器致动。 在一些实施例中，致动器可以相对于移动构件向远侧定位。 或者，移动构件可以由主体构件支撑，其可选地还支撑致动器。

公开(公告)号：US06574022B2

公开(公告)日：2003-06-03

申请号：US09812214

申请日：2001-03-19

申请人： Alan Y. Chow ,  Vincent Y. Chow

发明人： Alan Y. Chow ,  Vincent Y. Chow

IPC分类号： H04B1000

CPC分类号： H04B10/69 ,  G02B6/4202 ,  G02B6/4206 ,  H04B10/6911

摘要： An optical signal receiver for rapid and error free translation of optical signals into electrical signals is disclosed. The receiver is coupled to a light source. The light source is amplified and then split into two segments. One of the segments is delayed by a specific amount of time. Both segments are optically coupled to a photo detector. Each photo detector is coupled in parallel and are connected by two output terminals. When the voltage output by each photo detector is equal, the output terminals are balanced and will not have any voltage. The circuit will provide a voltage output on the terminal only on differential photocurrents sensed by the detector elements. The quiescent magnitude of the voltage output is a function of the value of the reverse bias voltage applied by the two voltage sources.

公开(公告)号：US5024223A

公开(公告)日：1991-06-18

申请号：US549094

申请日：1990-07-06

申请人： Alan Y. Chow

发明人： Alan Y. Chow

IPC分类号： A61F2/14 ,  A61F9/007 ,  A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/08 ,  A61N1/36 ,  H01L27/146

CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 ,  A61F2/14 ,  A61F9/00727 ,  A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/08 ,  A61N1/36 ,  A61N1/36046 ,  H01L27/14643

摘要： A silicon chip device composed of a large array of densely packed microphotodiodes is implanted between the inner and outer retina layers, in patients with vision-deficient eyes suffering from retinal dysfunction, to allow for useful formed vision. The photoactive surface of each photodiode, with its silicon deposited or etched electrode, point towards the incident light. The device produces an amplitude-modulated current to stimulate the inner retinal layer. The device is intrinsically inert due to its doped silicon substrate nature.

公开(公告)号：US20110238134A1

公开(公告)日：2011-09-29

申请号：US13153062

申请日：2011-06-03

申请人： Alan Y. Chow ,  Vincent Y. Chow

发明人： Alan Y. Chow ,  Vincent Y. Chow

IPC分类号： A61F9/08

CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 ,  A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/36046

摘要： An artificial retina device to electrically stimulate a neuroretina of an eye to produce artificial vision, the artificial retina device comprising: an electrical source; at least one stimulating electrode connected with the electrical source; and at least one ground return electrode connected with the electrical source, wherein the stimulating electrode and ground return electrode are configured to be disposed within the eye on opposite sides of the neuroretina.

摘要翻译： 一种人造视网膜装置，用于电刺激眼睛的神经视网膜以产生人造视觉，人造视网膜装置包括：电源; 至少一个与电源连接的刺激电极; 以及与电源连接的至少一个接地返回电极，其中所述刺激电极和接地返回电极被配置为设置在所述眼睛内的所述神经视网膜的相对侧上。

公开(公告)号：US07981062B2

公开(公告)日：2011-07-19

申请号：US12576891

申请日：2009-10-09

申请人： Alan Y. Chow ,  George Y. McLean ,  Vincent Y. Chow ,  Jay Cech ,  Christopher M. Bonner ,  Vladimir Gelfandbein

发明人： Alan Y. Chow ,  George Y. McLean ,  Vincent Y. Chow ,  Jay Cech ,  Christopher M. Bonner ,  Vladimir Gelfandbein

IPC分类号： A61H1/00

CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 ,  A61H5/00 ,  A61N1/0543 ,  A61N2/06 ,  A61N2/12

摘要： Mechanically activated objects or devices for use in treating degenerative retinal diseases are provided. Such devices apply mechanical forces to tissues of an eye to effectuate treatment and are configured for chronic implantation (thereby applying chronic stimulation/irritation) in or on the eye. The devices may be configured for contact with a retina of the eye, preferably positioned in a subretinal space. Various embodiments comprise a moving member configured for chronic contact with at least a portion of the eye, which moving member is activated by an actuator. In some embodiments, the actuator may be distally located relative to the moving member. Alternatively, the moving member may be supported by a body member that, optionally, also supports the actuator.

摘要翻译： 提供用于治疗退行性视网膜疾病的机械活化物体或装置。 这样的装置将机械力施加到眼睛的组织以实现治疗，并且被配置为在眼睛中或眼睛上进行慢性植入（从而施加慢性刺激/刺激）。 所述装置可以被配置为与眼睛的视网膜接触，优选地定位在视网膜下空间中。 各种实施例包括构造成用于与眼睛的至少一部分慢性接触的移动构件，该移动构件由致动器致动。 在一些实施例中，致动器可以相对于移动构件向远侧定位。 或者，移动构件可以由主体构件支撑，其可选地还支撑致动器。

公开(公告)号：US06427087B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-30

申请号：US09564841

申请日：2000-05-04

申请人： Alan Y. Chow ,  Vincent Y. Chow

发明人： Alan Y. Chow ,  Vincent Y. Chow

IPC分类号： A61N108

CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 ,  A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/36046

摘要： An artificial retinal device, implanted in the subretinal space of the eye in persons with certain types of retinal blindness, induces artificial vision by electrical stimulation of the remaining viable cells of the retina. The artificial retina device includes a stimulating electrode unit preferably placed in the subretinal space, and a tail-like extension housing a distant electrical return ground electrode unit that may be placed in the vitreous cavity. The stimulating electrode unit includes an array of electrode subunits. Each electrode subunit includes one or more microphotodiodes electrically connected, for example, in series to provide increased voltage and current to its microelectrode. The stimulating electrode unit and the ground return electrode of the ground return electrode unit are preferably disposed on opposite sides of the neuroretina to allow for efficient and high resolution transretinal electrical stimulation of the neuroretinal cells. Additional photodiodes may be incorporated into the circuitry of the artificial retina device to provide additional bias voltage and current to the microelectrode subunits of the stimulating electrode unit. In another preferred embodiment, the ground return electrode in the tail-like extension is disposed in the capsular bag of the eye, after lens nucleus and cortex removal, where it is electrically connected to an additional bias photodiode or photodiodes.

公开(公告)号：US5895415A

公开(公告)日：1999-04-20

申请号：US465766

申请日：1995-06-06

申请人： Vincent Chow ,  Alan Y. Chow

发明人： Vincent Chow ,  Alan Y. Chow

IPC分类号： A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/05 ,  A61N1/36 ,  A61N1/18

CPC分类号： A61N1/05 ,  A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/36046

摘要： An artificial retina device and a method for stimulating and modulating its function is disclosed. The artificial retina device is comprised of plural multi-phasic microphotodiode subunits. In persons suffering from blindness due to outer retinal layer damage, a plurality of such devices, when surgically implanted into the subretinal space, may allow useful formed artificial vision to develop. One device, called a MMRI-4, transduces light into electric currents to stimulate the retina. The four microphotodiode subunits of the MMRI-4 are oriented so that each flattened sides of the MMRI-4 has two subunits in a PiN configuration and two subunits in a NiP configuration. By projecting real or computer controlled visible light images, and computer controlled infrared light images or illumination, simultaneously or in rapid alternation onto the MMRI-4s, the nature of induced retinal images may be modulated and improved. An Adaptive Imaging Retinal Stimulation System (AIRES), with a Projection and Tracking Optical System (PTOS), which may be worn as a headset is used for this purpose, and is also disclosed. Color images may even be induced by programming the stimulating pulse durations and frequencies of the AIRES system.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种人造视网膜装置及其功能的刺激和调节方法。 人造视网膜装置由多个多相微光二极管子单元组成。 在因视网膜外层损伤而失明的人中，当手术植入视网膜内空间时，多个这样的装置可以允许有用的形成的人造视觉发展。 称为MMRI-4的一种装置将光转换成电流以刺激视网膜。 MMRI-4的四个微光二极管子单元被定向为使得MMRI-4的每个扁平侧具有PiN配置中的两个亚基和NiP配置中的两个亚基。 通过将实际或计算机控制的可见光图像和计算机控制的红外光图像或照明同时或快速交替地投射到MMRI-4上，可以调制和改善诱导的视网膜图像的性质。 使用具有投影和跟踪光学系统（PTOS）的自适应成像视网膜刺激系统（AIRES）可以作为耳机佩戴，并且还被公开。 甚至可以通过编程AIRES系统的刺激脉冲持续时间和频率来诱导彩色图像。

公开(公告)号：US5837995A

公开(公告)日：1998-11-17

申请号：US755729

申请日：1996-11-25

申请人： Alan Y. Chow ,  Vincent Y. Chow

发明人： Alan Y. Chow ,  Vincent Y. Chow

IPC分类号： G01D21/00 ,  H01L25/16 ,  H01L27/14 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H01L31/08 ,  H01L31/10 ,  H03K17/00 ,  H03K17/78 ,  H04B10/00 ,  H04N7/24 ,  H01J40/14

CPC分类号： H04B10/032 ,  H04N3/1506 ,  H04N3/1512 ,  H04N3/155

摘要： A wavelength-portion controllable optoelectronic switch ("Opsistor") capable of rapid switch frequencies fabricated as a monolithic integrated circuit is disclosed. The Opsistor is comprised of two inverse parallel photodiodes in close proximity, preferably on a monolithic silicon substrate, such that the anode of one photodiode is electrically connected via a first conductor to the cathode of the second photodiode, and the cathode of the first photodiode is electrically connected via a second conductor to the anode of the second photodiode. The voltage-phase of the Opsistor is determined by the relative illumination to the Opsistor's two photodiodes and is rapidly switchable. As a receiving device for data signals, the Opsistor receives programming signals from a transmitter light source. By using different wavelength-portion bandwidth pass filters on each of the two Opsistor photodiodes, a OPS-F device is created, and by using a two-wavelength transmitter light source designated as TM2, a TM2/OPS-F system is created capable of high data transmission rates, and high resistance to signal noise. Applications suitable for the Opsistor and TM2/OPS-F system include high speed optocouplers, linear optical position sensors, edge and target detection sensors, image recognition sensors, the basic subunits of optically based state computers, and high resolution optical encoders.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种能够制造为单片集成电路的快速开关频率的波长部分可控光电开关（“Opsistor”）。 Ops电阻由紧邻的两个反并联光电二极管组成，最好在单片硅衬底上，使得一个光电二极管的阳极经由第一导体与第二光电二极管的阴极电连接，第一光电二极管的阴极 经由第二导体电连接到第二光电二极管的阳极。 Opsistor的电压相位由Opsistor的两个光电二极管的相对照度决定，可快速切换。 作为数据信号的接收装置，Opsistor接收来自发射器光源的编程信号。 通过在两个Opsistor光电二极管中的每一个上使用不同的波长部分带通滤波器，创建了OPS-F器件，并且通过使用被称为TM2的双波长发射器光源，创建TM2 / OPS-F系统， 高数据传输速率，高抗信号噪声。 适用于Opsistor和TM2 / OPS-F系统的应用包括高速光耦合器，线性光学位置传感器，边缘和目标检测传感器，图像识别传感器，基于光学的状态计算机的基本子单元和高分辨率光学编码器。

公开(公告)号：US5016633A

公开(公告)日：1991-05-21

申请号：US390562

申请日：1989-08-08

申请人： Alan Y. Chow

发明人： Alan Y. Chow

IPC分类号： A61F2/14 ,  A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/08 ,  A61N1/36

CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 ,  A61F2/14 ,  A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/08 ,  A61N1/36046

摘要： A silicon chip device composed of a large array of densely packed microphotodiodes is implanted between the inner and outer retina layers, in patients with vision-deficient eyes suffering from retinal dysfunction, to allow for useful formed vision. The photoactive surface of each photodiode, with its silicon deposited or etched electrode, point towards the incident light. The device produces an amplitude-modulated current to stimulate the inner retinal layer. The device is intrinsically inert due to its doped silicon substrate nature.

摘要翻译： 在具有视网膜缺陷的眼睛患有视网膜功能障碍的患者中，在内视网膜层和外视网膜层之间植入由大量密集包装的微光二极管组成的硅芯片装置，以允许有用的成像视力。 每个光电二极管及其硅沉积或蚀刻电极的光敏表面指向入射光。 该装置产生振幅调制电流以刺激内部视网膜层。 由于其掺杂的硅衬底性质，该器件本质上是惰性的。

公开(公告)号：US07006873B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-28

申请号：US10690413

申请日：2003-10-21

申请人： Vincent Chow ,  Alan Y. Chow

发明人： Vincent Chow ,  Alan Y. Chow

IPC分类号： A61N1/18

CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 ,  A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/36046

摘要： A visible and infrared light powered retinal implant is disclosed that is implanted into the subretinal space for electrically inducing formed vision in the eye. The retinal implant includes a stacked microphotodetector arrangement having an image sensing pixel layer and a voltage and current gain adjustment layer for providing variable voltage and current gain to the implant so as to obtain better low light implant performance than the prior art, and to compensate for high retinal stimulation thresholds present in some retinal diseases. A first light filter is positioned on one of the microphotodetectors in each of the image sensing pixels of the implant, and a second light filter is positioned on the other of the microphotodetectors in the image sensing pixel of the implant, each of the microphotodetectors of the pixel to respond to a different wavelength of light to produce a sensation of darkness utilizing the first wavelength, and a sensation of light using the second wavelength, and a third light filter is positioned on a portion of the voltage and current gain adjustment layer that is exposed to light, to allow adjustment of the implant voltage and current gain of the device by use of a third wavelength of light.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种可视和红外光供电的视网膜植入物，其植入视网膜内空间中，用于在眼睛中电诱导形成的视力。 视网膜植入物包括具有图像感测像素层和电压和电流增益调整层的堆叠微光检测器装置，用于向植入物提供可变电压和电流增益，以便获得比现有技术更好的低光注入性能，并且补偿 一些视网膜疾病存在高视网膜刺激阈值。 第一光滤光器位于植入物的每个图像感测像素中的一个微光探测器上，并且第二光滤光器位于植入物的图像感测像素中的另一个微光探测器上，每个微光探测器 像素以响应于不同波长的光以利用第一波长产生暗感，以及使用第二波长的光的感觉，并且第三滤光器位于电压和电流增益调整层的一部分上，该电压和电流增益调整层是 暴露于光，以允许通过使用第三波长的光来调整装置的注入电压和电流增益。