摘要:
A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical diluent and a compound of formula IV wherein R21=H, C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, —CH2OR25, —C(O)R25, —CO(O)R25, —C(O)NR25R26, —CH2C(O)R25, or —CH2C(O)NHR25, where R25 and R26 are each independently H, C1-C10 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, optionally containing one or more halogen atoms. R22=—OH, —OR27, —OCH2C(O)R27, —OCH2C(O)NHR27, —OC(O)R27, —OC(O)OR27, —OC(O)NHNH—R5, or —OC(O)NR27R28, where R27 and R28 are each independently H, C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, and where R27 and R28 can each optionally contain halogen atoms; R23 and R24, the same or different from each other, are C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl. Methods of using such formulations for the treatment of cancer, to effect weight loss, to treat microbially-based infections, to inhibit neuropeptide-Y and/or fatty acid synthase, and to stimulate CPT-1.
摘要:
A pharmaceutical composition containing a pharmaceutical diluent and a compound of formula II: wherein: R8═H, C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, —C(O)R4, where R4 is H, C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, optionally containing halogen atoms, or —OH, —OR7 or —NR7, where R7 is H, C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, optionally containing halogen atoms; R9=—OR5, —NR5, —NH—NH—R5 where R5 is H, C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, allyl, or alkylaryl, optionally containing halogen atoms; R10═H, C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, or —CH2C(O)R6, where R6 is OR7 and NR7, where R7═H, C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, allyl, or alkylaryl and can optionally contain halogen atoms. Also included in the invention are methods of using the pharmaceutical compositions and the chemical compounds used in the compositions.
摘要:
Processes are disclosed for the production of linear and branched procyanidin oligomers having “n” procyanidin monomeric units where n is 2 to 18. The processes include coupling protected, activated monomers with an unprotected monomer to produce a partially protected (4→8) dimer. The dimer is optionally blocked, coupled with an activated protected monomer to produce a partially protected, optionally blocked trimer, and deprotected. The steps can be repeated to produce higher oligomers. Processes are also provided for producing (8→8), (8→6), and (6→6) dimers and doubly branched oligomers. Crystalline 8-bromo tetra-O-benzyl (−)-epicatechin is produced under certain conditions.
摘要:
Weight loss was noted in nude mice treated with cerulenin, a non-competitive inhibitor of FAS. Sustained reduction of adipocyte mass in humans without toxicity would significantly impact disease prevention worldwide. Aside from psychological and self-esteem improvement, weight loss via reduction of adipocyte mass may: (1) ameliorate hyperglycemia associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus thereby reducing diabetic complications such as arterial disease, blindness, cataracts, etc., (2) reduce hypertension, (3) reduce risk of coronary artery vascular disease and stroke, and (4) reduce the risk of other complications of massive obesity such as osteoarthritis, surgical complications, etc. There is also potential use in livestock and poultry to reduce the saturated fat content of meat products. Therefore FAS inhibitors are disclosed herein as novel agents for weight reduction. A family of compounds (.gamma.-substituted-.alpha.-methylene-.beta.-carboxy-.gamma.-butyrolactones) whose synthesis was based on the cerulenin motif is shown herein to inhibit fatty acid synthesis, inhibit growth in certain susceptible tumor cells, and induce weight loss.
摘要:
A pharmaceutical diluent and a compound of formula VI: wherein: R10=H, or C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, optionally containing halogen atoms; R11=H3 or C]-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, optionally containing halogen atoms; R12=H, or C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, optionally containing halogen atoms, —C(O)R13, where R13 is H, Ci-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, optionally containing halogen atoms, or —OH, —OR14 or —NR14, where R14 is H, C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, optionally containing halogen atoms.
摘要:
Processes are disclosed for the production of linear and branched procyanidin oligomers having “n” procyanidin monomeric units where n is 2 to 18. The processes include coupling protected, activated monomers with an unprotected monomer to produce a partially protected (4→8) dimer. The dimer is optionally blocked, coupled with an activated protected monomer to produce a partially protected, optionally blocked trimer, and deprotected. The steps can be repeated to produce higher oligomers. Processes are also provided for producing (8→8), (8→6), and (6→6) dimers and doubly branched oligomers. Crystalline 8-bromo tetra-O-benzyl (−)-epicatechin is produced under certain conditions.
摘要:
Novel compounds for use in inhibiting fatty acid synthesis are disclosed. The compounds can be used for the treatment of tumors or microbial infections.
摘要:
The class compounds of the present invention may be represented by Formula (I), wherein X may be O, S, or N. R1 and R2 are independently either H, C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl. R3 and R4 are independently either H, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, and a heterocyclic ring group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclic moieties are optionally substituted with one or more of a first substitution group defined herein. In a further embodiment, R3 and R4 along with the atoms and bonds to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5-7 membered ring having at least one nitrogen atom within the ring structure.
摘要:
This invention provides a method for inducing weight loss in an animal by administering to the animal a compound which reduces the expression and/or secretion of neuropeptide Y (NPY). The effect may be accomplished directly, indirectly, or humorally. Preferably, administration of this compound has the effect of increasing malonyl CoA levels in the animal. Compounds administered according to this invention may be inhibitors of fatty acid synthase (FAS), including substituted α-methylene-β-carboxyl-γ-butyrolactones, or inhibitors of malonyl Coenzyme A decarboxylase (MCD). Preferably, the compound is administered in an amount sufficient to reduce the amount and/or duration of expression and/or secretion of NPY to levels at or below those observed for lean animals. In another preferred embodiment, the administration will reduce expression and/or secretion to levels observed for fed or satiated animals; more preferably, administration will reduce the level of NPY below that of fed animals. In a particular embodiment, this invention provides a method for inducing weight loss in an animal by administering a compound which inhibits feeding behavior in the animal. The method is particularly useful for inducing weight loss in animals deficient in expression of the hormone leptin or animals resistant to the action of leptin.
摘要:
Genetically engineered Streptomyces clavuligerus strains with improved capabilities to produce clavulanic acid are provided. The strains are genetically engineered by disrupting newly identified glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes. This results in an increased intracelluar pool of the clavulanic acid precursor D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (D-G3P), and increased clavulanic acid production. Clavulanic acid production may be further increased by supplying arginine to the medium in which the S. clavuligerus is grown.