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公开(公告)号：US5585051A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-17
申请号：US396804
申请日：1995-03-02
申请人： Lynn Hosie , Niraj Agarwal , Maria W. Sie , David A. Whitley
发明人： Lynn Hosie , Niraj Agarwal , Maria W. Sie , David A. Whitley
CPC分类号： C09B67/0097 , B01J13/02
摘要： Microcapsules containing a solution or dispersion of a colorant, especially a solution of an oil-solubilized sulfur dye, in an organic liquid having a vapor pressure below 20 mm Hg at 25.degree. C. can be coated on a side of a sheet of paper for use in pressure-sensitive carbonless copy systems. The solutions of the oil-solubilized sulfur dyes, i.e. 1) colored products of the oxidation of a leuco sulfur dye, leuco sulfurized vat dye or reaction product of a leuco dye or sulfurized vat dye with a cationic compound and 2) colored reaction products of a solubilized sulfur dye with a cationic compound also constitute an aspect of the invention, as do microcapsules whose walls contain an opacifying agent incorporated therein.
摘要翻译： 含有着色剂的溶液或分散体，特别是油溶性硫化染料的溶液在25℃下蒸气压低于20mmHg的有机液体中的微胶囊可涂覆在一张纸上 用于压敏无碳复写系统。 油溶性硫化染料的溶液，即1）无色硫染料，无色硫化瓮染料或无色染料或硫化瓮染料与阳离子化合物的反应产物的着色产物，2）有色反应产物 与阳离子化合物一起溶解的硫化染料也构成本发明的一个方面，其壁中含有混入其中的遮光剂的微胶囊也是如此。
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公开(公告)号：US4516633A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-14
申请号：US303511
申请日：1981-09-18
摘要： In the mining of various minerals from the earth, large mining shafts extending from the surface down to the deposited mineral layers or seams in the earth can be provided through the use of large diameter bore hole drilling equipment. With the drilling equipment stationed on the surface of the earth, a drilling member is drilled down into the earth for forming a shaft in excess of 10 feet to a depth of at least 2000 feet. As the earth is broken up during the drilling operation, the broken fragments are removed from the drilled hole by a reverse circulation drilling operation. During the drilling operation, the drilling bit is maintained in proper alignment with the shaft being drilled by the use of non-rotating stabilizers having an outer diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the hole being drilled. By maintaining fluid at a sufficient level in the drilled hole during the drilling operation, an adequate hydrostatic head can be created for exerting an opposing pressure on any zone of instability on the walls of the drilled hole for preventing inflow of water and debris.
摘要翻译： 在从地球开采各种矿物时，可以通过使用大直径钻孔设备来提供从表面向下延伸到沉积的矿物层或接地处的大型矿井。 随着钻探设备驻留在地球表面，钻井部件向下钻进地球，以形成超过10英尺至2000英尺深度的轴。 当钻井操作期间地球被破碎时，通过反循环钻孔操作将破碎的碎片从钻孔中移除。 在钻井操作期间，通过使用具有基本上等于所钻孔的直径的外径的非旋转稳定器，钻头被保持与正在钻孔的轴正确对准。 通过在钻孔操作期间将流体维持在钻孔中的足够的水平面上，可以产生足够的静压头，以在钻孔的壁上的任何不稳定区域上施加相对的压力，以防止水和碎屑流入。
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公开(公告)号：US4460293A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-17
申请号：US165384
申请日：1980-07-03
申请人： Paul Richardson , David A. Whitley
发明人： Paul Richardson , David A. Whitley
摘要： In the mining of minerals from the earth, it is necessary to drill deep bore holes typically between 3000 and 6000 feet in the earth. In order to protect those entering the hole for additional mining operations, after drilling the hole, the hole is lined with a stack of specially constructed lining segments. These segments are formed of either prestressed concrete or steel. The segments are lowered one at a time into the bore hole so as to build up a stack within the hole, thereby lining the hole. The segments are carried to the hole on a transporter and then lowered by the transporter into the hole. Guide cables are threaded through guide conduits provided within the segments so as to maintain the orientation of such segments during the operation. The weight of the segment as it is lowered is supported by fluid, normally the drilling mud, that fills the hole and the transporter until the segment comes into contact with the top of the uppermost segment on the stack of those segments already placed into the hole. Grout is then placed between the lining segments and the inner wall of the bore hole. The grouting process is periodically carried out after every few segments have been placed into the hole. After the lining operation has been completed, the miners can enter the bore hole for other mining operations.
摘要翻译： 在从地球开采矿物时，有必要在地球上钻一般在3000和6000英尺之间的深孔。 为了保护进入钻孔的人进行额外的采矿作业，钻孔后，孔内衬有一堆特殊构造的衬里段。 这些段由预应力混凝土或钢制成。 这些段一次一个地下降到钻孔中，以便在孔内形成堆叠，从而衬套孔。 这些片段被运送到运送器上的孔中，然后由运送器下降到孔中。 引导电缆穿过设置在段内的引导管道，以便在操作期间保持这些段的取向。 当下降的段的重量由流体（通常是钻井泥浆）支撑，其填充孔和运输工具，直到段与已经放置在孔中的那些段的堆叠上的最上段的顶部接触 。 然后将灌浆置于衬里段和钻孔的内壁之间。 灌浆过程在每几个细节已经放入孔中之后定期进行。 矿井完成后，矿工可进入钻孔进行其他采矿作业。
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公开(公告)号：US4330155A
公开(公告)日：1982-05-18
申请号：US134296
申请日：1980-03-26
申请人： Paul Richardson , David A. Whitley
发明人： Paul Richardson , David A. Whitley
摘要： Minerals, in particular coal, that have been deposited in layers or along seams in the earth can be mined utilizing a large diameter bore hole drilling equipment. With the drilling equipment stationed on the surface of the earth, a drilling member is drilled down into the earth along the seam of the mineral deposit. If the mineral deposit extends at an angle to the earth, i.e. less than 90.degree., the drilling operation is conducted so as to drill at a similar angle to the earth. As the mineral deposits are broken up during the drilling operation, the broken fragments are removed from the drilled hole. After drilling has occurred for a certain distance in a forward direction, a creeping effect is induced in portions of the side walls of the drilled hole. The drilling member is then retracted from the drilled hole in such a manner so as to drill out any mineral fragments in the hole of the drilling member. These mineral fragments are then removed from the hole as the drilling member is retracted. The removal of the mineral fragments can best be accomplished utilizing an hydraulic flow mechanism for circulating fluid through the drilling member and removing the mineral fragments as they are drilled.
摘要翻译： 利用大直径钻孔设备可以开采已经沉积在地层中或沿着接缝的矿物，特别是煤。 随着钻井设备驻留在地球表面，沿着矿床的接缝将钻孔构件向下钻入地球。 如果矿床与地球成一定角度，即小于90°，则进行钻孔操作以便以与地球相似的角度钻孔。 由于矿物沉积物在钻井操作期间被破碎，破碎的碎片从钻孔中移除。 在向前方向发生一定距离的钻孔之后，在钻孔的侧壁的部分中产生蠕变效应。 然后钻孔构件以这样的方式从钻孔中缩回，以钻出钻孔构件的孔中的任何矿物碎片。 然后当钻孔构件缩回时，这些矿物碎片从孔中移除。 矿物碎片的去除可以利用液压流动机构来完成，该液压流动机构用于使流体通过钻孔构件循环并在钻探时去除矿物碎片。
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