摘要:
The invention relates to a method for the basic or acidic catalyzed esterification and transesterification of fatty acids, such as oils and fats, i.e. the esters of glycerin with fatty acids, by dispersion of low alcohols, especially methyl alcohol, in the liquidic initial product. The invention is characterized in that the methyl alcohol (or other low alcohols) is fully dispersed in the reaction mixture. The invention also relates to embodiments of said method.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for measuring and/or correcting audio/visual synchronization is disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for providing synchronization of a video signal and a corresponding audio signal associated with the audio/visual transmission includes detecting a triggering video event in the video signal and inserting a synchronization signal into the audio signal, where the synchronization signal is correlated to the triggering video event. In another embodiment, a method for measuring and optionally correcting the synchronization of the video signal and the audio signal includes detecting the triggering video event in the video signal, detecting the synchronization signal in the audio signal, and assessing the synchronization of the video signal and the audio signal in accordance with a time offset between the triggering video event and the synchronization signal. Implemented in conjunction, these two embodiments provide a method and apparatus for both measuring and correcting the end-to-end synchronization of an audio-video system.
摘要:
A brake disk for road vehicles has a brake caliper engaging about a brake disk of a vehicle wheel to be braked. A clamping unit upon which an actuation cylinder can act is provided on one side of the brake disk and which itself acts against at least one pressure member. In order to withstand the braking forces in a manner free from sealing problems, the caliper is constructed in one part such that the clamping unit is mounted in a section of the caliper which is substantially closed on all sides. When the caliper is moved away from the brake disk, the clamping unit can be introduced, in the form of a preassembled unit into the caliper through the opening therein facing the brake disk. When the clamping unit has been introduced, the opening in the brake caliper facing the brake disk is closed by a closure plate penetrated by the pressure member of the clamping unit.
摘要:
The invention relates to a brake disk/hub combination and to intermediate elements for a brake disk/hub combination which are based on the following constructive design: the brake disk is provided with support elements on its inner periphery, the brake disk hub is provided with cams on its outer periphery and intermediate elements are radially distributed in the peripheral direction between the brake disk hub and the brake disk. The intermediate elements project into intermediate spaces that extend between the cams and the support elements. The intermediate elements are substantially configured as strips, L- or T-shaped elements and are axially secured against being displaced by at least one retainer ring and/or one rim section of the brake disk hub. Optionally or alternatively the sections of the intermediate elements that project into the intermediate spaces are folded.
摘要:
The invention relates to a brake disk/hub combination and to intermediate elements for a brake disk/hub combination which are based on the following constructive design: the brake disk is provided with support elements on its inner periphery, the brake disk hub is provided with cams on its outer periphery and intermediate elements are radially distributed in the peripheral direction between the brake disk hub and the brake disk. The intermediate elements project into intermediate spaces that extend between the cams and the support elements. The intermediate elements are substantially configured as strips, L- or T-shaped elements and are axially secured against being displaced by at least one retainer ring and/or one rim section of the brake disk hub. Optionally or alternatively the sections of the intermediate elements that project into the intermediate spaces are folded.
摘要:
A process for producing a brake disc (1) for a disc brake is disclosed; in said process two separating regions (3.sub.1, 3.sub.2) are provided in a one-piece, circular brake disc (1). Said separating regions divide the brake disc (1) into two parts (1a, 1b), whereupon a fastening device (2.sub.1, 2.sub.2), which encompasses the separating region, is designed in each separating region (3.sub.1, 3.sub.2); and finally the brake disc (1) is broken apart into two parts (1a, 1b) in the separating regions (3.sub.1, 3.sub.2). Thus, a brake disc that is easier to mount and to exchange is provided.
摘要:
An adjustable hydrostatic drive, particularly for the auxiliary units of motor vehicle internal combustion engines, has a pump/motor unit (2, 3) with the pump and motor arranged radially one within the other in a common housing (1) with an eccentric control ring (6) between them. The pump and motor are hydraulically connected together and have delivery volumes adjustable in opposite senses. The speed variation mechanism includes a shaft (14) driving the pump/motor unit (2, 3) which passes through the side plates (17) of the housing and rotates with one projecting end (20) in a bushing (22) having an eccentric, sickle-shaped shoulder (21) that engages in a through bore (23) in a front face (30) of the control ring (6) and an outer bushing (24) that coaxially surrounds the shaft end bushing and includes a nose (25) which projects into a radial groove (26) in the control ring (6).
摘要:
Apparatus for the angular displacement of a shaft, such as a camshaft, with respect to a drive wheel comprising a coupling having opposed cylinders by which an active relative displacement can be effected in opposite directions. The position of the shaft and of the drive wheel is determined by pulse transmitters and sensors and is evaluated in an electronic circuit for the determination of the angular displacement and its control.
摘要:
In a method of regulating the delivery of the combustion fluid (i.e. air or mixture of air and fuel) to an internal combustion engine (1), the combustion fluid is conducted through a gas engine or positive displacement device capable of operating as a fluid motor or a fluid compressor (2) which is drivingly coupled with the internal combustion engine, and the flow rate through the device (2) is varied in the sense of the desired load change by means of a control device (3, 23) on the device. The positive displacement device (2) may be operated as a fluid motor and/or as a supercharger. As a fluid motor the work done by the expansion of the combustion gas is used to assist the engine (1), whereas the engine (1) drives the gas engine (2) when operating as a supercharger. In a preferred embodiment the device (2) is of the rotary vane type (FIG. 3) and the rotational speed ratio between the internal combustion engine (1) and the device (2) is fixed, the fluid flow rate being varied by a control device which has a displaceable control edge (22) in the gas inlet region (5) of the device for varying the intake volume and which is moved by an actuating lever (15) linked to the load regulator of the internal combustion engine (1). In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the control device comprises a segment (23) of the casing (19) bounding the working space (20) of the gas engine, the segment being rotatable about the vane axis (11). The control edge (22) is formed by one end of the segment (23), and a further control edge (24) may be formed at its opposite end for operating in the gas outlet region (21) if the engine (2) is required to operate as a supercharger in an upper load range.
摘要:
A quick coupling (1) comprising a sleeve-shaped coupling body (3) with a receiving opening (4) to receive one end (5) of a pipe (2), a retaining element (7) to hold the end (5) of the pipe in the coupling body (3), a sealing element (8) to seal the pipe (2) against the coupling body (3) and a securing element (9) to secure the connection between the pipe (2) and the coupling body (3), in conjunction with first and second locking ribs (23,24) adjacent to the receiving opening (4) on an external surface (21) of the coupling body (3), which ribs extend outwards in a radial direction and interact with the securing element (9) for the purpose of securing a connection between the pipe (2) and the coupling body (3).