摘要:
Processes for the continuous fractional distillation of a mixture containing morpholine (MO), monoaminodiglycol (ADG), ammonia and water from a reaction of diethylene glycol (DEG) with ammonia, the process including: (i) separating off ammonia from the mixture at a top of a first distillation column K10; (ii) feeding a bottom fraction from K10 to a second distillation column K20, in which water and an organic product are separated off at the top at a temperature at the top in the range from 45 to 198° C. and a pressure in the range from 0.1 to 15 bar; (iii) feeding a bottom fraction from K20 to a third distillation column K30, wherein the column K30 is a dividing wall column (DWC)which preferably has a dividing wall (DW) in the longitudinal direction of the column to form an upper combined column region (1), a lower combined column region (6), an inflow part (2,4) having an enrichment section (2) and a stripping section (4), and also an offtake part (3,5) having an enrichment section (3) and a stripping section (5), with the bottoms from K20 being fed in in the upper or middle third of the inflow part (2,4), based on the number of theoretical plates of the inflow part, ADG and organic products having a boiling point of >190° C. (1.013 bar) being discharge at the bottom, organic products having a boiling point of ≦128° C. (1.013 bar) being discharge at a top and MO being discharge from the middle or lower third of the offtake part (3,5) (side offtake), based on the number of theoretical plates of the offtake part.
摘要:
The invention relates to a reactor for performing high-pressure reactions, comprising at least one tube (31) whose ends are each conducted through a tube plate (33) and which is bonded to the tube plate (33). The tube plates (33) and the at least one tube (31) are surrounded by an outer jacket, such that an outer space (39) is formed between the tube (31) and the outer jacket. The tube plates (33) each have at least one surface composed of a nickel-base alloy and the at least one tube (31) is in each case welded on to the surface composed of the nickel-base alloy. The surface composed of the nickel-base alloy points in each case in the direction of the particular reactor end. The outer jacket has a thickness which is sufficient to absorb tensile forces which occur between tube (31) and outer jacket owing to a temperature difference in the event of different expansion. The invention further relates to a process for starting up the reactor and for performing an exothermic reaction in the reactor.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing a polyalkenylamine, in which the solvent used for the reaction is exchanged for a different solvent.
摘要:
Processes for the continuous fractional distillation of a mixture comprising morpholine (MO), monoaminodiglycol (ADG), ammonia and water from a reaction of diethylene glycol (DEG) with ammonia, the process comprising: (i) separating off ammonia from the mixture at a top of a first distillation column K10; (ii) feeding a bottom fraction from K10 to a second distillation column K20 in which water and organic products are separated off at the top at a temperature at the top in the range from 45 to 198° C. and a pressure in the range from 0.1 to 15 bar, (iii) feeding a bottom fraction from K20 to a third distillation column K30, wherein the column K30 is a dividing wall column (DWC) which preferably has a dividing wall (DW) in the longitudinal direction of the column to form an upper combined column region (1), a lower combined column region (6), an inflow part (2, 4) having an enrichment section (2) and a stripping section (4), and also an offtake part (3, 5) having an enrichment section (3) and a stripping section (5), with the bottoms from K20 being fed in in the upper or middle third of the inflow part (2, 4), based on the number of theoretical plates of the inflow part, ADG and organic products having a boiling point of >190° C. (1.013 bar) being discharged at the bottom, organic products having a boiling point of ≦128° C. (1.013 bar) being discharged at the top and MO being discharged from the middle or lower third of the offtake part (3, 5) (side offtake), based on the number of theoretical plates of the offtake part.
摘要:
Process for the continuous preparation of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) by reacting gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) with monomethylamine (MMA) in the liquid phase, wherein GBL and MMA are used in a molar ratio of from 1:1.08 to 1:2 and the reaction is carried out at from 320 to 380° C. and an absolute pressure of from 70 to 120 bar.
摘要:
Process for the continuous preparation of N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP) by reacting gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) with monoethylamine (MEA) in the liquid phase, wherein GBL and MEA are used in a molar ratio in the range from 1:1.08 to 1:2 an the reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range from 320 to 420° C. and an absolute pressure in the range from 70 to 120 bar.
摘要:
Process for the continuous preparation of N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP) by reacting gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) with monoethylamine (MEA) in the liquid phase, wherein GBL and MEA are used in a molar ratio in the range from 1:1.08 to 1:2 an the reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range from 320 to 420° C. and an absolute pressure in the range from 70 to 120 bar.
摘要:
A process for preparing electronics-grade 2,2′-aminoethyoxyethanol by reacting diethylene glycol with ammonia in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor to give a reaction mixture from which a crude 2,2′-aminoethoxyethanol stream is separated off and is purified further by distillation in a pure column, wherein a sidestream comprising electronics-grade 2,2′-aminoethoxyethanol is taken off from the pure column as a result of the diethylene glycol being passed through a filter which ensures a degree of removal of at least 99% for solid particles having a maximum particle size of ≦1.5 μm before the diethylene glycol is fed into the reactor, is proposed.
摘要:
Process for the continuous preparation of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) by reacting gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) with monomethylamine (MMA) in the liquid phase, wherein GBL and MMA are used in a molar ratio of from 1:1.08 to 1:2 and the reaction is carried out at from 320 to 380° C. and an absolute pressure of from 70 to 120 bar.
摘要:
The present invention relates to polyalkene amine formulations comprising at least one polyalkene amine in a solvent, having improved performance properties, especially improved low temperature properties; a process for preparing such formulations and the use of these formulations in fuel and lubricant compositions, in particular fuels, for improving the intake system-cleaning action of such fuels.