摘要:
A temperature controlled showerhead for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chambers enhances heat dissipation to enable accurate temperature control with an electric heater. Heat dissipates by conduction through a showerhead stem and fluid passageway and radiation from a back plate. A temperature control system includes one or more temperature controlled showerheads in a CVD chamber with fluid passageways serially connected to a heat exchanger.
摘要:
Method for measuring the free oxygen concentration in gas mixtures, especially combustion gases, with an electrochemical measuring device which comprises an oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte and two electrodes to which the supply voltage U.sub.s is fed. The supply voltage U.sub.s is formed from the sum of at least two voltage components U.sub.a and U.sub.v. The first voltage component U.sub.a is kept at a constant predeterminable value which is required for ionizing the free oxygen. The second voltage component U.sub.v is kept variable and its respective value is determined as a function of the magnitude of the probe current I.sub.s flowing between the electrodes.
摘要:
Electrochemical storage cell of the alkali metal and chalcogen type with an anode and a cathode chamber separated by a solid electrolyte wall and confined by a metal wall. A first current collector has an outer sub-part which extends outside the reactant chamber enclosed by the solid electrolyte, and an inner sub-part which extends into the interior of this reactant chamber. The outer sub-part and the inner sub-part are connected to an electrically conducting contact element which melts at a predetermined temperature exceeding the operating temperature of the cell. A second current collector is formed by part of the metal wall which confines the other reactant chamber.
摘要:
A temperature controlled showerhead for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chambers enhances heat dissipation to enable accurate temperature control with an electric heater. Heat dissipates by conduction through a showerhead stem and fluid passageway and radiation from a back plate. A temperature control system includes one or more temperature controlled showerheads in a CVD chamber with fluid passageways serially connected to a heat exchanger.
摘要:
In a method for applying a coating material on a substrate, a print head is disposed over a substrate. Drops of a coating material are controllably dispensed from the print head to form a wide area film on the substrate. A system for coating a wafer includes a housing, and a chuck for supporting the wafer and a print head are disposed in the housing. A source of a coating material is coupled to the print head. A digital signal processor provides control signals for controlling process parameters for dispensing drops of the coating material and for controlling the relative position of the print head and the chuck. The relative position of the print head and the chuck (and hence the wafer supported thereon) may be controlled by moving the print head by itself, by moving the chuck by itself, or by moving both the print head and the chuck.
摘要:
High-temperature battery with at least one electrochemical storage cell which is surrounded by thermal insulation as well as by feed and discharge lines for the cooling air. At least one module which can be inserted into the high-temperature battery, contains the storage cells. The module has a feedline for cooling air and a discharge for the cooling air which are arranged so that the cooling air can be introduced into the module against the force of gravity and discharged from the module with the force of gravity.
摘要:
Circuit for the uniform charging and discharging of electrochemical storage cells of the alkali metal and chalcogen type having a protective element in the circuit. The protective element is a container filled with a chemical compound which easily dissociates and easily recombines. The outer surface of the container forms an anode. An electrically conducting rod which forms a cathode extends into and also out of the container, and is electrically insulated in its mounting.
摘要:
A temperature controlled showerhead for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chambers enhances heat dissipation to enable accurate temperature control with an electric heater. Heat dissipates by conduction through a showerhead stem and fluid passageway and radiation from a back plate. A temperature control system includes one or more temperature controlled showerheads in a CVD chamber with fluid passageways serially connected to a heat exchanger.
摘要:
Conductive contacts and methods for fabricating conductive contacts for electrochemical mechanical planarization are provided. A conductive contact in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention includes, but is not limited to, a first conductive surface formed of a flexible material, a conductive element that is disposed remote from the first conductive surface and that is configured for electrical coupling to an external circuit, and an intermediate portion that electrically couples the first conductive surface and the conductive element.
摘要:
A spin bowl includes a base and a sidewall that extends from the base. The base has an upper portion for supporting a substrate in a horizontal plane and a lower portion that intersects with the sidewall. The lower portion of the base has a plurality of drain holes formed therein proximate to the sidewall. Each of the plurality of drain holes is configured to trap fluid therein during spinning of the spin bowl to thereby form a fluid seal that prevents air from flowing therethrough. In one embodiment, each of the drain holes is V-shaped. In another embodiment, the fluid seal is formed by the intersection of a straight drain hole with an external fluid catch area. An apparatus and method for spin coating a film over a substrate also are described.