Abstract:
A friction clutch, particularly for a motor vehicle, including a clutch disk which can be coupled in frictional engagement with the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine and which is connected by a hub to a transmission input shaft so as to be fixed with respect to rotation relative to it and can revolve with the latter around a common axis of rotation. The clutch further includes an actuation system for engaging or disengaging the frictional engagement of the clutch disk which is arranged concentric to the transmission input shaft, and a transmission brake for reducing the rotational speed of the transmission input shaft during determined shifting processes of the transmission. The transmission brake can be controlled independent from the actuation system of the friction clutch, and all component parts of the transmission brake are integrated in the actuation system of the friction clutch.
Abstract:
A release system for a clutch assembly comprises a release slide, which is or can be connected to a stored-energy element of the clutch assembly to execute release movements, and at least one brake element, which can move along with the release slide during the execution of release movements. This brake element can be brought into braking interaction with an opposing brake element which is or can be connected in an essentially nonrotatable manner to a clutch output shaft, where the release slide and the minimum of one brake element form a piston/cylinder unit with at least one fluid chamber. Pressure fluid is introduced into the minimum of one fluid chamber to produce a force which preloads or moves the minimum of one brake element relative to the release slide.
Abstract:
The actuation device includes a pressure medium force cylinder arrangement by means of which the friction clutch can be actuated via a release member. A measuring member of a measuring arrangement detecting an actual release is in tractive force driving engagement with an associated mating member whose position represents the actual release along a measurement path, which engagement is essentially free from play.
Abstract:
A cylinder for hydraulic systems, in particular for motor vehicles, generally includes a housing having an axial hole in which a piston is guided so that the piston can be displaced axially. One end surface of the piston can be pressurized by means of hydraulic fluid. The cylinder is provided with at least one connection designed as a plug-in connection, for the insertion of at least one pressure medium line having a radially expanded portion on its outside diameter. The plug-in connection of the cylinder is designed so that both the expense for components and for labor required to fasten the pressure medium line to the connection of the cylinder can be minimized.
Abstract:
A slave cylinder of the annular cylinder type is proposed, whereof the annular piston (45) able to slide axially between an outer cylinder wall (29) and an inner cylinder wall (33) is sealed by a grooved sealing ring (53) with respect to the pressure chamber (37). In order to be able to evacuate by means of a suction pump a hydraulic actuating system for a motor vehicle friction clutch, constructed using a slave cylinder of this type, before filling with hydraulic fluid, means are provided on the annular cylinder or in addition to the sealing lips (57) on the grooved sealing ring, which increase the sealing action of the sealing lips (57) when applying a vacuum to the hydraulic pressure chamber (37). The said means may be conical surfaces (61, 63) on the cylinder walls or a conical ring engaging in an annular groove (59) of the sealing ring (53). Additional sealing beads having a cross-sectional contour in the shape of a circular sector may be formed if necessary on the grooved sealing ring.
Abstract:
A pulled-type motor vehicle clutch to be used between a combustion engine and a gear box comprises a clutch release ring, axial movement of which results in releasing or opening the clutch. A clutch release sleeve is insertable into the clutch release ring and is connectable to the clutch release ring by a wire clip. The wire clip has a circular basic wire ring and two end portions. The wire ring extends over nearly 360.degree.. A gap is defined between the ends of the circular basic wire ring. The end portions are adjoined to the ends of the circular basic wire ring. These end portions can be engaged by hand or by a tool for widening the circular basic wire ring. The end portions cross each other. The gripping faces are directed in opposite circumferential directions away from each other such that mutually approaching said gripping faces results in widening the circular basic wire ring. By widening the circular basic wire ring the connection between the clutch release ring and the clutch release sleeve is interrupted.
Abstract:
A release mechanism for actuating a friction clutch is concentric to a center axis of a guide sleeve mounted in turn on a transmission shaft. The release mechanism includes a clutch release bearing and a device for compensating for the tilt of the center axis of the friction clutch with respect to the center axis of the guide sleeve and/or for the wobbling eccentricity of the release spring. The clutch release bearing includes an inner ring, an outer ring, and an adjusting sleeve. One of the inner ring or outer ring communicates with a release spring of the friction clutch. The device for compensating for the tilt of the center axis of the friction clutch with respect to the center axis of the guide sleeve and/or for the wobbling eccentricity of the release spring includes a release ring and a load ring. The release ring is in contact with a finger of the release spring of the friction clutch and includes a spherical surface having a center on the axis of the transmission shaft. A load ring cooperates with the spherical surface of the release ring and communicates with the adjusting sleeve for placing the one of the inner ring and outer ring in communication with the release spring. Preferably the release ring is curved and the load ring is a circular cross-sectioned wire to reduce wear.
Abstract:
A method for the separation and purification of an aqueous mixture of main components, namely acetic acid and formic acid and non-volatiles by extraction, uses a solvent in a circulatory system. A raffinate stream is mixed with the larger proportion of water from a solvent stripper column (11) for the removal of water. The extraction stream is introduced into a solvent distillation column (8), from which in a first step involving the use of a mixture (A) containing a larger proportion of the solvent is separated out via a header and a mixture (B) of formic acid, water and solvent is separated out via a side offtake and a mixture (C) of acetic acid and non-volatiles is also separated out. A mixture (B) is introduced into a formic acid distillation column (4) for further processing, and a mixture (C) is introduced into an acetic acid distillation column (5), and purified acetic acid is subsequently isolated in the acetic acid distillation column (5) from the header. Pure formic acid is isolated at the settling basin of the formic acid distillation column (4).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a fluid-actuable releaser in which an annular piston (6) is guided in a casing (3) which is provided with a sleeve (10) for guiding the annular piston (6) radially internally and for sealing purposes, the sleeve (10) being axially fixed by partial plastic deformation after insertion into the casing (3) with its external diameter in a bore (16) in the casing (3).
Abstract:
A roller bearing includes a radially outer bearing ring and a radially inner bearing ring. A ring-shaped holding space is formed between the bearing rings where a sealing element is mounted. The sealing element has a fastening section which is fixed to the outer bearing ring, and a lip section with two sealing lips which rest against and slide on the inner bearing ring to establish a sealing connection between the lip section and the inner bearing ring.