摘要:
Any packet loss is detected very quickly by means of only a series of sequence number in a multi-path environment where a transmitter and a receiver are connected to each other by way of a plurality of networks when no inversion of sequence arises in any of the networks. A communication apparatus includes a plurality of sequence buffers arranged at each network to accumulate packets until a sequence acknowledgement and an absence detecting section adapted to determine the occurrence of an absence of a packet when one or more packets are accumulated in all the sequence buffers. With this arrangement, the absence detecting section of the receiver monitors the packets staying in the sequence guaranteeing buffer arranged in each of the network, paying attention to the characteristic that packets are stored in the sequence buffers of all the networks when a packet loss takes place.
摘要:
Disclosed is a titanium fuel cell separator having excellent conductivity and durability. In the disclosed titanium fuel cell separator (10), a carbon layer (2) is formed on the surface of a substrate (1) formed from pure titanium or a titanium alloy. The carbon layer (2) comprises graphite which is orientated so as to be parallel to the (002) plane of the carbon layer (2). The deposition amount of the carbon layer (2) is at least 2 μg/cm2.
摘要翻译:公开了具有优异的导电性和耐久性的钛燃料电池隔板。 在所公开的钛燃料电池隔板(10)中,在由纯钛或钛合金形成的基板(1)的表面上形成碳层(2)。 碳层(2)包括石墨,其被定向成平行于碳层(2)的(002)面。 碳层(2)的沉积量为2μg/ cm 2以上。
摘要:
A semiconductor device includes a high dielectric gate insulating film formed on a substrate, and a metal gate electrode formed on the high dielectric gate insulating film. The metal gate electrode includes a crystalline portion and an amorphous portion. A halogen element is eccentrically located in the amorphous portion.
摘要:
An electroless plating pretreatment agent that can retain stably Pd(II) over a long period of time in an organic solvent, an electroless plating method using the same that is capable of forming an electroless plated film having excellent adhesion, and an electroless plated object. The electroless plating pretreatment agent contains an organic palladium compound and a coordination compound having a functional group with a metal-capturing capability dissolved in an organic solvent, the coordination compound being selected from the group consisting of the imidazole analogs, polyethyleneamines, ethyleneimines and polyethyleneimines.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of active principles. More specifically: a stable pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of tramadol and ketoprofen. Furthermore, a combination in solid form in which the active principles are vehicled in pharmaceutical forms and/or products that prevent contact between them. Complementarily, the present invention also relates to the combined use of ketoprofen and tramadol in the preparation of an oral medicine useful for relieving pain as well as a method for relieving pain with an oral pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of tramadol and ketoprofen.
摘要:
A network system of the present invention includes a computer and a device connected via a network, and a system management device. The computer and the device include, respectively, bridges that encapsulate transmission/reception data transmitted and received to and from each other and transmit and receive the data to and from each other via the network. Each of the bridges includes a control data transmitting means for generating control data for controlling the state of the system based on control auxiliary data issued from the computer or the device and used for controlling the state of the system, and transmitting the control data to the system management device via the network. The system management device includes a system controlling means for controlling the state of the system in accordance with the control data received thereby.
摘要:
Provided is an infrared image sensor for detecting infrared rays. The infrared image sensor includes a light-receiving unit including a pixel region in which a plurality of pixels are arranged and at least one reference pixel; a difference circuit for acquiring a first differential signal that is a differential signal between a signal of one pixel contained in the pixel region and a signal of the reference pixel and a second differential signal that is a differential signal between signals of two predetermined pixels out of the pixels contained in the pixel region; and a pixel signal calculating unit that calculates a signal of each of the pixels on the basis of the first differential signal and the second differential signal.
摘要:
An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon fibrous structure having good dispersibility and small variations in electrical conductivity, etc., and being capable of improving physical properties such as electrical properties, mechanical properties and thermal properties by a small amount addition thereof without impairing properties of a matrix. The invention provides a carbon fibrous structure having a three-dimensional network shape and comprising carbon fibers having an average outside diameter of from 100 to 300 nm, wherein the carbon fibrous structure has a plurality of granular parts, and has at least partially a steric network structure of the carbon fibers in a state that a plurality of the carbon fibers sterically extend outwardly from the granular parts and that the extending carbon fibers are also bound with other granular parts, wherein the granular parts have a particle diameter larger than an outer diameter of the carbon fiber, and are formed in a growth process of growing a carbon material in the circumferential direction of catalyst particles used while growing the carbon material into a fibrous shape, by using at least two carbon compounds having different decomposition temperature as carbon sources, and wherein the carbon fibrous structure has a powder resistance of 0.02Ω·cm or less measured at a compression density of 0.8 g/cm3.
摘要:
[Problems] To provide a vapor-grown carbon fiber aggregate, wherein the carbon fiber has a structure of two or more tubular graphene layers and of which the central portion in cross section of the fiber is hollow, has a little unevenness in the structure and exhibits excellent electric conductivity.[Means for Solution] A vapor-grown carbon fiber aggregate, wherein the carbon fiber has a structure of two or more tubular graphene layers and of which the central portion in cross section of the fiber is hollow, the average outer fiber diameter of the carbon fibers is from 10 to 300 nm, and not less than 70% of the whole number of the carbon fibers have hollow diameters of from 2 to 20 nm and hollow diameter/outer fiber diameter ratios of from 1.4 to 20%.
摘要:
Disclosed are a separator for a fuel cell realizing both the high electrical conductivity and the corrosion resistance and enabling using stably for a long period of time in the fuel cell and a manufacturing method for it. The separator for a fuel cell 1 includes a substrate 2 composed of pure aluminum or aluminum alloy and a plating layer 3 formed on the substrate 2, wherein the plating layer 3 has a copper layer 3a formed in the substrate 2 side and a tin layer 3b formed on the copper layer 3a, the tin layer 3b is formed in an uppermost layer, the thickness of the copper layer 3a is 0.10 μm or above, and the value obtained by dividing the thickness of the tin layer 3b by the thickness of the copper layer 3a is 0.1-50.