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公开(公告)号：US20080268170A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-30
申请号：US11002611
申请日：2004-12-02
CPC分类号： H01J37/3233 , C23C16/26 , C23C16/4584 , C23C16/4588 , H01J37/04 , H01J37/3178 , H01J37/32009 , H01J37/32935 , Y10S427/106
摘要： Ion-assisted plasma enhanced deposition of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on the surface of photovoltaic solar cells is accomplished with a method and apparatus for controlling ion energy. The quality of DLC layers is fine-tuned by a properly biased system of special electrodes and by exact control of the feed gas mixture compositions. Uniform (with degree of non-uniformity of optical parameters less than 5%) large area (more than 110 cm2) DLC films with optical parameters varied within the given range and with stability against harmful effects of the environment are achieved.
摘要翻译： 光伏太阳能电池表面的类金刚石碳（DLC）膜的离子辅助等离子体增强沉积是用用于控制离子能量的方法和装置完成的。 DLC层的质量通过适当偏置的特殊电极系统和进料气体混合物组成的精确控制进行微调。 均匀（光学参数不均匀度小于5％）大面积（大于110cm 2）具有光学参数的DLC膜在给定范围内变化，并且具有稳定性，防止 实现环境。
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公开(公告)号：US4718493A
公开(公告)日：1988-01-12
申请号：US943551
申请日：1986-12-18
IPC分类号： E21B43/263 , E21B43/267 , E21B43/26
CPC分类号： E21B43/267 , E21B43/263
摘要： Subterranean oil and gas producing formations are fractured by filling a well casing with a compressible hydraulic fracturing fluid comprising a mixture of liquid, compressed gas, and propant material and precompressed to a pressure of about 1,000 psi or more greater than the fracture extension pressure at the depth of the zone to be fractured. A perforator is provided in the casing to form fluid exit perforations at the selected depth of the fracture zone. Following perforation the perforated zone is fractured by the precompressed fracturing fluid laden with propant material that is discharged into the formation until the hydraulic extension pressure is reached and the perforations are eventually sanded off. Optionally, filling of the well bore is maintained continuously through the filling and perforation of the casing until after decompression of the fracturing fluid is completed.
摘要翻译： 通过用包括液体，压缩气体和推进剂材料的混合物的可压缩水力压裂流体填充井套管将地下油气产生地层破裂，并且预压缩至大于等于或大于1000psi 要破裂的区域的深度。 穿孔器设置在壳体中以在破裂区域的选定深度处形成流体出口穿孔。 在穿孔之后，穿孔区域被装载有被推进到地层中的预压材料的预压缩压裂液破裂，直到达到液压延伸压力并且穿孔最终被磨光。 任选地，通过套管的填充和穿孔来连续地保持井眼的填充，直到压裂流体的减压完成。
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公开(公告)号：US20080305277A1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-11
申请号：US12188104
申请日：2008-08-07
CPC分类号： H01J37/3233 , C23C16/26 , C23C16/4584 , C23C16/4588 , H01J37/04 , H01J37/3178 , H01J37/32009 , H01J37/32935 , Y10S427/106
摘要： Ion-assisted plasma enhanced deposition of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on the surface of photovoltaic solar cells is accomplished with a method and apparatus for controlling ion energy. The quality of DLC layers is fine-tuned by a properly biased system of special electrodes and by exact control of the feed gas mixture compositions. Uniform (with degree of non-uniformity of optical parameters less than 5%) large area (more than 110 cm2) DLC films with optical parameters varied within the given range and with stability against harmful effects of the environment are achieved.
摘要翻译： 光伏太阳能电池表面的类金刚石碳（DLC）膜的离子辅助等离子体增强沉积是用用于控制离子能量的方法和装置完成的。 DLC层的质量通过适当偏置的特殊电极系统和进料气体混合物组成的精确控制进行微调。 均匀（光学参数不均匀度小于5％）大面积（大于110 cm2）具有光学参数的DLC膜在给定范围内变化，并达到对环境有害影响的稳定性。
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公开(公告)号：US07459188B2
公开(公告)日：2008-12-02
申请号：US11002611
申请日：2004-12-02
CPC分类号： H01J37/3233 , C23C16/26 , C23C16/4584 , C23C16/4588 , H01J37/04 , H01J37/3178 , H01J37/32009 , H01J37/32935 , Y10S427/106
摘要： Ion-assisted plasma enhanced deposition of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on the surface of photovoltaic solar cells is accomplished with a method and apparatus for controlling ion energy. The quality of DLC layers is fine-tuned by a properly biased system of special electrodes and by exact control of the feed gas mixture compositions. Uniform (with degree of non-uniformity of optical parameters less than 5%) large area (more than 110 cm2) DLC films with optical parameters varied within the given range and with stability against harmful effects of the environment are achieved.
摘要翻译： 光伏太阳能电池表面的类金刚石碳（DLC）膜的离子辅助等离子体增强沉积是用用于控制离子能量的方法和装置完成的。 DLC层的质量通过适当偏置的特殊电极系统和进料气体混合物组成的精确控制进行微调。 均匀（光学参数不均匀度小于5％）大面积（大于110 cm2）具有光学参数的DLC膜在给定范围内变化，并达到对环境有害影响的稳定性。
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公开(公告)号：US4683943A
公开(公告)日：1987-08-04
申请号：US890077
申请日：1986-07-24
IPC分类号： E21B43/263 , E21B43/267 , E21B29/02 , E21B43/11
CPC分类号： E21B43/267 , E21B43/263
摘要： Subterranean oil and gas producing formations are fractured by providing one or more combustion gas generating units using rocket fuel type propellants disposed in a well casing at preselected depths. The well casing is filled with a compressible hydraulic fracturing fluid comprising a mixture of liquid, compressed gas, and propant material and precompressed to a pressure of about 1,000 psi or more greater than the fracture extension pressure at the depth of the zone to be fractured. At least one of the gas generating units is equipped with perforating shaped charges to form fluid exit perforations at the selected depth of the fracture zone. The gas generating units are simultaneously ignited to generate combustion gasses and perforate the well casing. The perforated zone is fractured by the rapid outflow of an initial charge of sand free combustion gas at the compression pressure followed by a charge of fracturing fluid laden with propant material and then a second charge of combustion gas. The column of precompressed fracturing fluid is discharged into the formation until the hydraulic extension pressure is reached and eventually the perforations sanded off.
摘要翻译： 地下油气生产地层通过提供一个或多个燃烧气体发生单元而破裂，所述燃烧气体发生单元使用以预定深度设置在井套管中的火箭燃料型推进剂。 井套管填充有可压缩的水力压裂流体，其包括液体，压缩气体和推进剂材料的混合物，并且预压缩至比要断裂的区域的深度处的断裂伸长压力大约1,000psi或更大的压力。 气体发生单元中的至少一个装备有穿孔成形装料，以在破裂区域的选定深度处形成流体出口孔。 气体发生单元同时点燃以产生燃烧气体并穿孔井套管。 穿孔区域通过在压缩压力下初始充填的无沙量的燃烧气体快速流出，随后用填充材料装载压裂液，然后再进行第二次燃烧气体的充填。 预压压裂液柱被排放到地层中，直到达到液压延伸压力，最后将孔穿透。
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公开(公告)号：US4633951A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-06
申请号：US686990
申请日：1984-12-27
IPC分类号： E21B43/263 , E21B43/267 , E21B43/26
CPC分类号： E21B43/267 , E21B43/263
摘要： Subterranean oil and gas producing formations are fractured by providing one or more combustion gas generating units using rocket fuel type propellants disposed in a well casing at preselected depths. The well casing is filled with a compressible hydraulic fracturing fluid comprising a mixture of liquid, compressed gas, and propant material and precompressed to a pressure of about 1,000 psi or more greater than the fracture extension pressure at the depth of the zone to be fractured. At least one of the gas generating units is equipped with perforating shaped charges to form fluid exit perforations at the selected depth of the fracture zone. The gas generating units are simultaneously ignited to generate combustion gasses and perforate the well casing. The perforated zone is fractured by the rapid outflow of an initial charge of sand free combustion gas at the compression pressure followed by a charge of fracturing fluid laden with propant material and then a second charge of combustion gas. The column of precompressed fracturing fluid is discharged into the formation until the hydraulic extension pressure is reached and eventually the perforations sanded off.
摘要翻译： 地下油气生产地层通过提供一个或多个燃烧气体发生单元而破裂，所述燃烧气体发生单元使用以预定深度设置在井套管中的火箭燃料型推进剂。 井套管填充有可压缩的水力压裂流体，其包括液体，压缩气体和推进剂材料的混合物，并且预压缩至比要断裂的区域的深度处的断裂伸长压力大约1,000psi或更大的压力。 气体发生单元中的至少一个装备有穿孔成形装料，以在破裂区域的选定深度处形成流体出口孔。 气体发生单元同时点燃以产生燃烧气体并穿孔井套管。 穿孔区域通过在压缩压力下初始充填的无沙量的燃烧气体快速流出，随后用填充材料装载压裂液，然后再进行第二次燃烧气体的充填。 预压压裂液柱被排放到地层中，直到达到液压延伸压力，最后将孔穿透。
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