Abstract:
Provided is a light-emitting element having light emitting sections (17) that are distributed on a transparent substrate (11). Specifically, an electroluminescence element (10) includes the substrate having a bored part (16b) which is formed by recessing, below the light emitting sections, the surface of the substrate on a light emitting section side. By this configuration, the light-emitting element has a high light-emitting efficiency and exhibits required light distribution characteristics by controlling a direction of emitted light.
Abstract:
[Problem] To provide a method for increasing a work function of an electrode by a simple operation and an organic EL element which has an anode of a high work function, exhibits excellent light emission properties (luminous efficiency, lifetime), has a good luminescent surface with small unevenness of luminance and few defects and has low leakage current.[Solution to Problem] A surface treatment method for electrodes, including a contact step of bringing an electrode made from a metal oxide into contact with a solution including a silane compound represented by the following formula (1) and/or a partially hydrolyzed condensate thereof and water, and an organic EL element having a luminescent layer and a cathode laminated in this order on a surface-treated surface of an anode made from a metal oxide, said anode having been surface-treated by the method. Si(OR)p(X)q(OH)4-p-q (1) wherein in the formula (1), each OR is independently an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group, each X is independently a hydrolyzable group other than the above OR, p is an integer of 1 to 4, q is an integer of 0 to 3, and p+q≦4.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to the following seamless steel pipes excellent in strength, toughness and weldability, particularly suitable for submarine flow lines, and a manufacturing method thereof. An as-quenched seamless steel pipe having a chemical composition consisting of, by mass%, C: 0.03 to 0.08%, Mn: 0.3 to 2.5%, Al: 0.001 to 0.10%, Cr: 0.02 to 1.0%, Ni: 0.02 to 1.0%, Mo: 0.02 to 0.8%, Ti: 0.004 to 0.010%, N: 0.002 to 0.008%, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.005%, and the balance Fe and impurities, with not more than 0.25% of Si, not more than 0.05% of P, not more than 0.005% of S, less than 0.005% Nb, and less than 0.0003% of B as the impurities, and having a microstructure consisting of not more than 20 volume% of polygonal ferrite, not more than 10 volume% of a mixed microstructure of martensite and retained austenite, and balance bainite. B can be 0.0003 to 0.001%. Mg and/or REM can be contained. The manufacturing method is characterized by the cooling rate during quenching.
Abstract:
A martensitic stainless steel having a resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking superior to Super 13 Cr steel and having a strength and corrosion resistance comparable to dual phase stainless steels has a chemical composition consisting essentially of, in mass %, C: 0.001-0.1%, Si: 0.05-1.0%, Mn: 0.05-2.0%, P: at most 0.025%, S: at most 0.010%, Cr: 11-18%, Ni: 1.5-10%, sol. Al: 0.001-0.1%, N: at most 0.1%, O: at most 0.01%, Cu: 0-5%, solid solution Mo: 3.5-7%, the composition satisfying the following Equation (1), optionally at least one element selected from at least one of the following Groups A-C, and a remainder of Fe and impurities and undissolved Mo, if undissolved Mo is present. Ni-bal.=30(C+N)+0.5(Mn+Cu)+Ni+8.2−1.1(Cr+Mo+1.5Si)≧−4.5 Equation (1) Group A—W: 0.2-5% Group B—V: 0.001-0.50%, Nb: 0.001-0.50%, Ti: 0.001-0.50%, and Zr: 0.001-0.50% Group C—Ca: 0.0005-0.05%, Mg: 0.0005-0.05%, REM: 0.0005-0.05%, and B: 0.0001-0.01%.
Abstract:
A martensitic stainless steel provided includes C: 0.01-0.1% and Cr: 9-15%, and the retained austenite phase has a thickness not more than 100 nm in such a manner that the X-ray integral intensities of 111γ and 110α satisfy the following formula (a): 0.005≦111γ/(111γ+110α)≦0.05 (a) Such a metal structure can be obtained by the following procedure: the steel is heated at a temperature of the Ac3 point or more, and then cooled from 800° C. to 400° C. at a cooling rate of not less than 0.08° C./sec and further cooled down to 150° C. at a cooling rate of not more than 1° C./sec. The martensitic stainless steel according to the present invention has a relatively high carbon content and a greater toughness in spite of a high mechanical strength, and further exhibits an excellent corrosion resistance, so that it is particularly effective as the material for constructing a deep oil well.
Abstract:
A high strength seamless steel pipe having mgh yield stress and excellent hydrogen-induced cracking resistance, comprises by mass %, C: 0.03-0.11%, Si: 0.05-0.5%, Mn: 0.8-1.6%, p: 0.025% or less, S: 0.003% or less, Ti: 0.002-0.017%, Al: 0.001-0.10%, Cr: 0.05-0.5%, Mo: 0.02-0.3%, V: 0.02-0.20%, Ca 0.0005-0.005%, N: 0.008% or less and O (Oxygen): 0.004% or less, the balance Fe and impurities. The steel microstructure is bainite and/or martensite and ferrite is precipitated at grain boundaries. The seamless steel pipe can contain at least one of Cu: 0.05-0.5% and Ni: 0.05-0.5%. To produce the pipe, it is desirable to limit a starting temperature of quenching after rolling, a cooling rate and a tempering temperature.
Abstract:
A martensitic stainless steel having a C content of 0.01 to 0.1 mass %, a Cr content of 9 to 15 mass % and a N content of not more than 0.1 mass %, wherein the maximum length of the carbides in the steel is 10 to 200 nm in the direction of the minor axis, or wherein the ratio of the average Cr concentration [Cr] to the average Fe concentration [Fe] in carbides in the steel ([Cr]/[Fe]) is not more than 0.4, or wherein the content of M23C6 type carbides is not more than 1 volume %, the content of M3C type carbides is 0.01 to 1.5 volume % and the content of MN type or M2N type nitrides is not more than 0.3 volume % is provided. This stainless steel has a high toughness in spite of both a relatively more C content and a high strength, thereby providing a, wide applicability to pipe material for oil wells containing carbon dioxide and a small amount of hydrogen sulfide, in particular for oil wells having a much greater depth.
Abstract:
A seamless steel tube comprising, in mass %, C: 0.30 to 0.50%, Si: 0.5% or less, Mn: 0.3 to 2.0%, P: 0.025% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Cr: 0.15 to 1.0%, Al: 0.001 to 0.05%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.05%, N: 0.02% or less, B: 0.0005 to 0.01% and O (oxygen): 0.0050% or less, wherein Beff defined in following equation (a) or (b) takes a value of 0.0001 or more, where Beff=B−10.8×(N−14×Ti/47.9)/14—(a) when Neff=N−14×Ti/47.9≧0, and Beff=B—(b) when Neff=N−14×Ti/47.9
Abstract:
The present invention provides a polymer material showing high luminous efficiency at a low voltage and suitable for increasing the emission area and for the mass production, and an organic light emitting device using the same. The present invention relates to a polymer compound comprising a boron-containing monomer unit represented by formula (1): [in the formula, A represents a triphenyl boron group in which the phenyl group may be substituted, R16 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. X represents a single bond, —O—, —S—, —SO—, —SO2— or a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a hetero atom], a light-emitting polymer compound comprising the boron-containing monomer unit and a light-emitting monomer unit, a light-emitting composition comprising the boron-containing monomer unit and a light-emitting low-molecular compound or light-emitting polymer compound, and organic light-emitting device using the light-emit-ting polymer compound or the light-emitting composition.
Abstract translation:本发明提供了一种在低电压下显示高发光效率并且适合于增加发射面积和大规模生产的聚合物材料,以及使用其的有机发光器件。 本发明涉及包含由式(1)表示的含硼单体单元的高分子化合物:[式中,A表示苯基可被取代的三苯基硼基,R 16] >表示氢原子或碳原子数1〜12的烷基。 X表示单键,-O - , - S - , - SO - , - SO 2 - 或可具有杂原子的碳原子数1〜20的二价烃基],光 包含含硼单体单元和发光单体单元的发光组合物,包含含硼单体单元和发光低分子化合物或发光聚合物化合物的发光组合物和有机光 使用发光聚合物化合物或发光组合物的发光装置。
Abstract:
This invention relates to a welded line pipe structure for transporting corrosive petroleum or natural gas. It is constituted by martensitic stainless steel pipes containing 8–16% Cr and at most 0.05% C. By suitably controlling the welding conditions at the time of girth welding of the steel pipes so as to ensure that the Cr concentration in grain boundary Cr-depleted portions existing immediately beneath a weld oxide scale is at least 5%, the occurrence of SCC in a high temperature CO2 environment can be prevented.