Abstract:
The invention relates to an optical-electrical wiring board (2) and an optical module (1). The optical-electrical wiring board (2) includes a substrate (8), a dielectric layer (11), first conductive layers (16a) and second conductive layers (16b). The dielectric layer (11) includes a first region (B) and a second region (C). The first region (B) constitutes a plurality of light transmission portions (11B). The second region (C) has a plurality of pairs of conductive layers each having an overlap portion (10) in which one of the plurality of second conductive layers (16b) and one of the plurality of first conductive layers (16a) overlap each other when seen through in a laminated direction (a) of the dielectric layer (11) and the substrate (8).
Abstract:
The forward osmosis membrane flow system (1) includes a high osmotic pressure fluid flow section (2) to which a high osmotic pressure fluid is supplied, a low osmotic pressure fluid flow section (3) to which a low osmotic pressure fluid with a lower osmotic pressure than that of the high osmotic pressure fluid is supplied, and a semipermeable membrane (4) that separates the high osmotic pressure fluid flow section and the low osmotic pressure fluid flow section from each other. A flow rate in the high osmotic pressure fluid flow section (2) is increased by an occurrence of fluid migration from the low osmotic pressure fluid flow section (3) into the high osmotic pressure fluid flow section (2) through the semipermeable membrane (4). The semipermeable membrane (4) is a composite semipermeable membrane with a polyamide-based skin layer formed on a porous epoxy resin membrane.
Abstract:
A rack and pinion steering device has a pinion rotatable in the R-direction, a rack bar having rack teeth meshing with the pinion and rectilinearly movable in the A-direction, a housing for rotatably supporting the pinion, a rack guide for slidably supporting the rack bar, and an elastic means for pressing the rack guide toward the pinion.
Abstract:
Methods of treating a high salinity liquid, such as seawater, containing boron are provided, including adjusting the pH of the liquid to about 8 to about 9.5, optionally adding a scale inhibitor to the liquid, passing the liquid through a reverse osmosis device, and recovering a permeate having a boron concentration less than about 2 ppm. One embodiment includes removing colloidal matter from the liquid using a membrane filtration system, such as ultrafiltration or microfiltration, prior to passing the liquid through the reverse osmosis device, and preferably prior to adjusting the pH of the liquid.
Abstract:
Methods of treating a high salinity liquid, such as seawater, containing boron are provided, including adjusting the pH of the liquid to about 8 to about 9.5, optionally adding a scale inhibitor to the liquid, passing the liquid through a reverse osmosis device, and recovering a permeate having a boron concentration less than about 2 ppm. One embodiment includes removing colloidal matter from the liquid using a membrane filtration system, such as ultrafiltration or microfiltration, prior to passing the liquid through the reverse osmosis device, and preferably prior to adjusting the pH of the liquid.
Abstract:
A composite semipermeable membrance of the present invention comprises a thin film and a porous support membrane supporting the thin film, wherein the thin film includes polyamide based resin having a constituent unit with amide bond between diamine residue and di or tri carboxylic acid residue, in which nitrogen atom of the amide bond has a substituent of aromatic ring. A production method of this invention includes a contacting step of contacting the above composite semipermeable membrane with solution including an oxidizer. In addition, a water treatment method of this invention comprises a step of separating a raw water by a composite semipermeable membrane to obtain permeation water in which salt and/or organic substance is removed sufficiently in practical use, characterized in that the composite semipermeable membrane of this invention is used and a fungicide is added into the raw water.This invention provides a composite semipermeable membrane having practically permeability, and excellent desalting faculty and oxidizer resistance, a production method thereof, and water treatment method using the same.
Abstract:
A composite reverse osmosis membrane is described, which includes a polyamide skin layer on a porous support, with a contact angle between the polyamide skin layer surface and water of 45° or less. The composite reverse osmosis membrane has a high salt rejection and also a high water permeability. This composite reverse osmosis membrane is produced by forming a polyamide skin layer on a porous support having the steps of: forming a layer on the porous support by coating a solution A including one or more compounds having at least two reactive amino groups; contacting the layer with a solution B comprising one or more polyfunctional acid halide compounds; and subsequently, contacting the layer with a solution C comprising the polyfunctional acid halide compound of a higher concentration than the solution C. The concentration of the polyfunctional acid halide compound in the solution C is preferably at least 1.2 times of the solution B.
Abstract:
A module that can be practically used at a pressure of about 3 kgf/cm2 is obtained by treating a polyamide based reverse osmosis membrane with an oxidizing agent. A composite reverse osmosis membrane comprises a thin film which is a polyamide based skin layer obtained by polycondensation of a compound having two or more reactive amino groups and a polyfunctional acid halide compound having two or more reactive acid halide groups, and a microporous support for supporting the thin film. The polyamide based skin layer formed on the surface of the membrane has a mean roughness of 50 nm or more. The composite reverse osmosis membrane is treated with an oxidizing agent. A salt rejection of 99% or more and a flux of 1.5 m3/m2·day or more are obtained when evaluated by using a solution having pH 6.5 containing 500 ppm of sodium chloride at an operating pressure of 7.5 kgf/cm2 and a temperature of 25° C.
Abstract translation:通过用氧化剂处理聚酰胺类反渗透膜,可以在约3kgf / cm 2的压力下实际使用的模块。 复合反渗透膜包括通过具有两个或更多个反应性氨基的化合物和具有两个或更多个反应性酰卤基团的多官能酰卤化合物缩聚获得的聚酰胺基皮层的薄膜和用于支撑的多孔载体 薄膜。 形成在膜表面的聚酰胺类皮肤层的平均粗糙度为50nm以上。 复合反渗透膜用氧化剂处理。 当在7.5kgf / cm 2的操作压力下使用含有500ppm氯化钠的pH6.5的溶液进行评价时,可以获得99%以上的脱盐率和1.5m 3 / m 2·天以上的通量, 25°C
Abstract:
A method of producing a high permeable composite reverse osmosis membrane which comprises forming a polyamide type skin layer on a porous support by the process comprising a step of coating a solution A containing a compound having at least two reactive amino groups on the porous support and a step of contacting a solution B containing a polyfunctional acid halide with the coated layer of the solution A, wherein the difference between a solubility parameter of the solution A and a solubility parameter of the solution B is from 7 to 15 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2.
Abstract translation:一种制造高渗透性复合反渗透膜的方法,其包括在多孔载体上形成聚酰胺型表层,所述方法包括在多孔载体上涂布含有至少两个反应性氨基的化合物的溶液A的步骤,以及 将含有多官能酰卤的溶液B与溶液A的涂层接触的步骤,其中溶液A的溶解度参数与溶液B的溶解度参数之间的差为7至15(cal / cm 3)+ E,fra 1/2 + EE。
Abstract:
An acid chloride, bicyclo 2,2,2!oct-7ene-(2.alpha.,3.beta.,5.alpha.,6.beta.)tetracarbonyl chloride (C.sub.12 H.sub.8 O.sub.4 Cl.sub.4) represented by the following formula: ##STR1##
Abstract translation:由下式表示的酰氯,双环[2,2,2]辛-7-烯 - (2α,3β,5α,6β)四羰基氯(C 12 H 8 O 4 Cl 4)