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公开(公告)号：US08993874B2
公开(公告)日：2015-03-31
申请号：US13248716
申请日：2011-09-29
IPC分类号： H01L31/0687 , H01L31/0693 , H01L31/056
CPC分类号： H01L31/0687 , H01L31/056 , H01L31/0693 , Y02E10/52 , Y02E10/544
摘要： A photovoltaic cell having multiple stacked layers has a thickness from the top of its top layer to the bottom of its bottom layer of less than one micron. Metal conducting layers are positioned between semiconductor layers with semiconductor layers having higher bandgaps being located above semiconductor layers having lower band gaps. The layers of the photovoltaic cell are arranged and stacked, and the thicknesses and materials for the semiconductor layers and conductive layers are selected to realize desired absorption, transmission, and reflection characteristics. The geometry and thicknesses of the respective layers of the cell allows incident light of various angles to be absorbed by all of the semiconductor layers of the cell.
摘要翻译： 具有多个堆叠层的光伏电池具有从其顶层的顶部到其底层的底部的厚度小于1微米。 金属导电层位于半导体层之间，其中具有较高带隙的半导体层位于具有较低带隙的半导体层之上。 光伏电池的层被布置和层叠，并且选择用于半导体层和导电层的厚度和材料以实现期望的吸收，透射和反射特性。 单元的各层的几何形状和厚度允许各种角度的入射光被单元的所有半导体层吸收。
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公开(公告)号：US20090310926A1
公开(公告)日：2009-12-17
申请号：US12546309
申请日：2009-08-24
CPC分类号： G02B6/02295 , B82Y20/00 , G02B1/007 , G02B5/08 , G02B6/02304 , G02B6/10
摘要： We have shown that a single layer of a 3D Zero Index Material (ZIM) has omnidirectional reflection properties. In the range between the electric plasma frequency and the magnetic plasma frequency, ZIM reflect radiation for all angles of incidence and polarization with reflectivities of ˜99%. In addition, with increasing angles of incidence, the reflecting band does not shift in frequency but actually widens. The operational bandwidth can be 100% or greater by increasing the separation between the electric and magnetic plasma frequencies. We have also shown that in the spectral region that allows the omnidirectional gap, ZIM can be used as the cladding of hollow waveguides with better performance than traditional hollow waveguides.
摘要翻译： 我们已经表明，单层3D零索引材料（ZIM）具有全向反射特性。 在等离子体等离子体频率与等离子体等离子体频率之间的范围内，ZIM反射辐射为所有入射角和极化，反射率为〜99％。 另外，随着入射角的增加，反射带的频率不会发生变化，而是实际上变宽。 通过增加电和等离子体频率之间的间隔可以使操作带宽达到100％以上。 我们还表明，在允许全向间隙的光谱区域中，ZIM可以被用作具有比传统空心波导更好性能的空心波导的包层。
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公开(公告)号：US20070019919A1
公开(公告)日：2007-01-25
申请号：US11188062
申请日：2005-07-22
申请人： Mark Bloemer , Michael Scalora , Evgeni Poliakov
发明人： Mark Bloemer , Michael Scalora , Evgeni Poliakov
IPC分类号： G02B6/10
CPC分类号： G02B6/1225 , B82Y20/00 , G02F1/065 , G02F2202/32
摘要： A waveguide has upper and lower cladding regions. A core of the waveguide made of a non-linear optical polymer is positioned between the upper and lower cladding regions. A first electrode is connected to the upper cladding region and a second electrode is connected to the lower cladding region. The upper cladding region and the lower cladding region are made of photonic band gap materials and have multiple periods of cladding layers with each period having a first layer having a linear refractive index of n1 and each period having a second layer having a linear refractive index of n2. The waveguide allows for minimal distances to exist between the electrodes while allowing for virtual lossless cm-long transmission of propagating light. By applying a voltage to the electrodes, the propagated light can be modulated.
摘要翻译： 波导具有上和下包层区域。 由非线性光学聚合物制成的波导的芯部位于上部和下部包层区域之间。 第一电极连接到上包层区域，第二电极连接到下包层区域。 上包层区域和下包层区域由光子带隙材料制成并且具有多个包覆层的周期，每个周期具有线性折射率为n 1的第一层，并且每个周期具有 第二层具有n 2的线性折射率。 波导允许在电极之间存在最小的距离，同时允许传播光的虚拟无损的cm长的透射。 通过向电极施加电压，可以调制传播的光。
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公开(公告)号：US5751466A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-12
申请号：US584403
申请日：1996-01-11
申请人： Jonathan P. Dowling , Michael Scalora , Mark J. Bloemer , Charles M. Bowden , Rachel J. Flynn , Richard L. Fork , Senter B. Reinhardt, Jr. , Michael D. Tocci
发明人： Jonathan P. Dowling , Michael Scalora , Mark J. Bloemer , Charles M. Bowden , Rachel J. Flynn , Richard L. Fork , Senter B. Reinhardt, Jr. , Michael D. Tocci
CPC分类号： G02F1/3511 , B82Y20/00 , G02B6/1225 , G02B6/2861 , G02F2201/20
摘要： A photonic signal is applied to a photonic bandgap structure having a photonic band edge transmission resonance at the frequency of the photonic signal and having a photonic band edge transmission resonance bandwidth which is at least as wide as the bandwidth of the photonic signal. When a photonic band edge transmission resonance is matched to the photonic signal which is being transmitted, a controllable delay is imparted to the photonic signal without significantly altering the photonic signal itself.
摘要翻译： 光子信号被施加到在光子信号的频率处具有光子带边缘传输谐振的光子带隙结构，并且具有至少与光子信号的带宽一样宽的光子带边缘传输谐振带宽。 当光子带边缘传输谐振与正被传输的光子信号匹配时，对光子信号赋予可控延迟，而不会明显改变光子信号本身。
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公开(公告)号：US07412144B2
公开(公告)日：2008-08-12
申请号：US11188062
申请日：2005-07-22
IPC分类号： G02B6/10
CPC分类号： G02B6/1225 , B82Y20/00 , G02F1/065 , G02F2202/32
摘要： A waveguide has upper and lower cladding regions. A core of the waveguide made of a non-linear optical polymer is positioned between the upper and lower cladding regions. A first electrode is connected to the upper cladding region and a second electrode is connected to the lower cladding region. The upper cladding region and the lower cladding region are made of photonic band gap materials and have multiple periods of cladding layers with each period having a first layer having a linear refractive index of n1 and each period having a second layer having a linear refractive index of n2. The waveguide allows for minimal distances to exist between the electrodes while allowing for virtual lossless cm-long transmission of propagating light. By applying a voltage to the electrodes, the propagated light can be modulated.
摘要翻译： 波导具有上和下包层区域。 由非线性光学聚合物制成的波导的芯部位于上部和下部包层区域之间。 第一电极连接到上包层区域，第二电极连接到下包层区域。 上包层区域和下包层区域由光子带隙材料制成并且具有多个包覆层的周期，每个周期具有线性折射率为n 1的第一层，并且每个周期具有 第二层具有n 2的线性折射率。 波导允许在电极之间存在最小的距离，同时允许传播光的虚拟无损的cm长的透射。 通过向电极施加电压，可以调制传播的光。
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公开(公告)号：US20070282788A1
公开(公告)日：2007-12-06
申请号：US11416658
申请日：2006-05-02
申请人： Brad Lamb , Clark Mitchell , Kirk Lee , Michael Scalora , David Duncan
发明人： Brad Lamb , Clark Mitchell , Kirk Lee , Michael Scalora , David Duncan
IPC分类号： G06Q10/00
摘要： Methods and systems provide for annotating values entered in form fields, and the ability to retrieve the annotations concerning those values. The system and method include a user interface for receiving user input and storing annotations concerning values entered within form fields. The method and system allow for retrieval and editing the annotations previously stored.
摘要翻译： 方法和系统提供注释在表单域中输入的值，以及检索与这些值有关的注释的能力。 该系统和方法包括用于接收用户输入并存储关于在表单域内输入的值的注释的用户界面。 该方法和系统允许检索和编辑先前存储的注释。
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公开(公告)号：US20070124217A1
公开(公告)日：2007-05-31
申请号：US11283560
申请日：2005-11-17
申请人： Marsha Terry , Michael Scalora , Jason Hunter , Donna Leacock , Jeffrey DeMoss , Walter Holladay , Khiem Nguyen , David Duncan
发明人： Marsha Terry , Michael Scalora , Jason Hunter , Donna Leacock , Jeffrey DeMoss , Walter Holladay , Khiem Nguyen , David Duncan
IPC分类号： G06Q10/00
CPC分类号： G06Q10/00 , G06Q10/087
摘要： Systems and methods provide quantity availability information for inventory items via a user interface. The user customizes a quantity available definition, from which the system calculates quantity available for various inventory items and dynamically updates the calculation as a result of changes to inventory classes making up the definition. Using access points within inventory tracking software, the system displays quantity available information to the user via various display formats.
摘要翻译： 系统和方法通过用户界面提供库存物品的数量可用性信息。 用户自定义数量可用定义，系统可以从中计算可用于各种库存项目的数量，并由于更改构成定义的库存类别而动态更新计算。 在库存跟踪软件中使用接入点，系统通过各种显示格式向用户显示可用数量的信息。
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8.发明授权Photonic signal frequency up and down-conversion using a photonic band gap structure 失效使用光子带隙结构的光子信号频率上下转换公开(公告)号：US06744552B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-01
申请号：US09742295
申请日：2000-12-22
IPC分类号： G02F202
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , G02B6/02057 , G02B6/1225 , G02F1/3534 , G02F1/37 , G02F1/3775 , G02F2201/30 , G02F2202/32
摘要： A photonic band gap (PBG) device is provided for frequency up and/or down-converting first and second photonic signals incident on the device to produce a down-converted output photonic signal. When the first and second incident photonic signals have respective first and second frequencies &ohgr;3 and &ohgr;2, the down-converted photonic signal has a third frequency &ohgr;1=&ohgr;3−&ohgr;2. When the first incident field has a frequency &ohgr;1, the first up-converted photonic signal has a second frequency &ohgr;2. The second up-converted photonic signal has a third frequency &ohgr;3=&ohgr;1+&ohgr;2. Thus, the PBG device can be used to generate coherent near- and mid-IR signals by frequency down-converting photonic signals from readily available photonic signal sources, or red, blue, and ultraviolet signals by up-converting the same readily available photonic signal sources.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种光子带隙（PBG）器件，用于对入射到器件上的第一和第二光子信号进行上变频和/或下变频以产生下变频的输出光子信号。 当第一和第二入射光子信号具有相应的第一和第二频率ω3和ω2时，下转换的光子信号具有第三频率ω1 =ω3-ω2。 当第一入射场具有频率ω1时，第一上变频光子信号具有第二频率ω2。 第二次上转换的光子信号具有第三频率ω3=ω1+ω2。 因此，PBG器件可以用于通过从容易获得的光子信号源或红色，蓝色和紫外信号中的光子信号降频转换相同容易获得的光子信号而产生相干近红外信号和中红外信号 来源。
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9.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06538794B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-25
申请号：US09672835
申请日：2000-09-29
IPC分类号： G02F101
CPC分类号： G02F1/37 , G02F1/3515 , G02F2202/32 , G02F2203/50
摘要： A device is provided for generating a photonic signal having a phase different from an input photonic signal that is incident on the device. The input photonic signal has an signal frequency, signal bandwidth, and a signal intensity. The device comprises a plurality of material layers. The material layers are arranged such that the device exhibits a photonic band gap structure. The photonic band gap structure exhibits a transmission band edge that corresponds to the input photonic signal frequency. A second photonic signal is generated at a second photonic frequency preferably close to a second band edge. The interaction of the input photonic signal with the second photonic signal generates a phase shift of order &pgr; for relatively small input intensities.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于产生具有与入射到设备上的输入光子信号不同的相位的光子信号的装置。 输入光子信号具有信号频率，信号带宽和信号强度。 该装置包括多个材料层。 材料层被布置成使得该器件呈现光子带隙结构。 光子带隙结构表现出对应于输入光子信号频率的透射带边缘。 第二光子信号以优选地接近第二带边缘的第二光子频率产生。 输入光子信号与第二光子信号的相互作用产生相对较小输入强度的阶数p i的相移。
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公开(公告)号：US20120325299A1
公开(公告)日：2012-12-27
申请号：US13248716
申请日：2011-09-29
IPC分类号： H01L31/0687 , H01L31/18
CPC分类号： H01L31/0687 , H01L31/056 , H01L31/0693 , Y02E10/52 , Y02E10/544
摘要： A photovoltaic cell for use in a solar cell panel and a method of forming a photovoltaic cell for use in a solar cell panel are disclosed. The photovoltaic cell includes a plurality of first layers of a first material having a first thickness and a first optical characteristic; a plurality of second layers of a second material having a second thickness and a second optical characteristic, each of the plurality of layers of the first material adjacent to two of the plurality of layers of the second material; wherein the second material includes a metal. In one aspect, the first material includes a semiconductor. In a further aspect, the plurality of first layers includes layers formed from two different semiconductor materials.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于太阳能电池板的光伏电池和形成用于太阳能电池板的光伏电池的方法。 光伏电池包括具有第一厚度和第一光学特性的第一材料的多个第一层; 具有第二厚度和第二光学特性的第二材料的多个第二层，所述第一材料的所述多个层中的每一个与所述第二材料的所述多个层中的两个相邻; 其中所述第二材料包括金属。 一方面，第一种材料包括半导体。 在另一方面，多个第一层包括由两种不同的半导体材料形成的层。
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