公开(公告)号：US20070080606A1

公开(公告)日：2007-04-12

申请号：US11543583

申请日：2006-10-05

申请人： Martin Hardy ,  Graham Balfour ,  Nigel Baker

发明人： Martin Hardy ,  Graham Balfour ,  Nigel Baker

IPC分类号： H01L41/00

CPC分类号： F02D41/2096 ,  H02N2/067

摘要： A method for controlling charging and discharging of a piezoelectric actuator for use in a fuel injector having an inject mode (12) and a non-inject mode (16); comprises applying a charging current of variable amplitude to the actuator during a charge mode (14), wherein the amplitude of the charging current varies with a first PWM frequency, and applying a discharging current of variable amplitude to the actuator during a discharge mode (10), wherein the amplitude of the discharging current varies with a second PWM frequency. The charging current and/or the discharging current is monitored during the charge and discharge modes (10, 14), respectively, and the discharging current and/or the charging current is controlled in response to the monitored current. The first and/or second PWM frequency is varied throughout the discharge mode (10) and/or the charge mode (14), respectively, so as to suppress resonance modes within the actuator.

摘要翻译： 一种用于具有喷射模式（12）和非喷射模式（16）的燃料喷射器中使用的压电致动器的充放电方法。 包括在充电模式（14）期间向致动器施加可变幅度的充电电流，其中充电电流的幅度随着第一PWM频率而变化，并且在放电模式期间向致动器施加可变幅度的放电电流（10 ），其中放电电流的幅度随着第二PWM频率而变化。 在充电和放电模式（10,14）期间分别监测充电电流和/或放电电流，并且响应于所监视的电流来控制放电电流和/或充电电流。 第一和/或第二PWM频率分别在整个放电模式（10）和/或充电模式（14）期间变化，以便抑制致动器内的谐振模式。

公开(公告)号：US5970185A

公开(公告)日：1999-10-19

申请号：US961970

申请日：1997-10-31

申请人： Nigel Baker ,  Ross Alexander Saunders

发明人： Nigel Baker ,  Ross Alexander Saunders

IPC分类号： G02F1/225 ,  G02F1/313 ,  G02F1/35 ,  H04B10/155 ,  G02F1/035 ,  H04B10/04

CPC分类号： H04B10/505 ,  G02F1/225 ,  G02F1/3136 ,  G02F1/3517

摘要： An optical interferometer incorporating a signal strength modulated optical phase delay, such as a Kerr effect element in one of its arms is employed to improve the cross-talk isolation/extinction ratio of an optical switch, amplitude modulator, or amplitude modulated optical transmitter. The Kerr element is constructed so that its intensity dependent optical path length is such as to provide destructive interference at the interferometer output when the light input to the interferometer is low, and constructive interference when the input is high. The place of the Kerr effect element can alternatively be taken by an electro-optic modulator driven with an electrical version of the data modulation appearing on the optical signal.

摘要翻译： 采用包含信号强度调制光相位延迟的光学干涉仪，例如其臂之一中的克尔效应元件，以改善光开关，幅度调制器或幅度调制光发射机的串扰隔离/消光比。 克尔元件被构造成使得其强度相关的光程长度在输入到干涉仪的光线较低时在干涉仪输出处提供相消干涉，并且当输入为高时具有相当大的干扰。 克尔效应元件的位置可以替代地由通过在光信号上出现的数据调制的电气版本驱动的电光调制器来实现。

公开(公告)号：US09100120B1

公开(公告)日：2015-08-04

申请号：US10675760

申请日：2003-09-30

申请人： Robert Friskney ,  Fiona Davis ,  Nigel Baker ,  Christopher Phillips ,  Song Dong

发明人： Robert Friskney ,  Fiona Davis ,  Nigel Baker ,  Christopher Phillips ,  Song Dong

IPC分类号： H04B10/25

CPC分类号： H04Q11/0066 ,  H04B10/25 ,  H04J14/0257 ,  H04J14/0271 ,  H04J14/0295 ,  H04L45/121 ,  H04L45/124 ,  H04L45/127 ,  H04L45/30 ,  H04L45/308 ,  H04L45/70 ,  H04Q2011/0073 ,  H04Q2011/0086

摘要： Typically paths are provisioned in a network with a margin which allows for component variations and failures in the network and so on. By providing more information about the requirements of the link in a path request, it is possible to more efficiently calculate a route for the path through the network. The efficiency gain allows greater network utilization which in turn saves costs for the network service provider.

摘要翻译： 通常，路径在网络中配置有一个边距，允许网络中的组件变化和故障等等。 通过提供关于路径请求中的链路的需求的更多信息，可以更有效地计算通过网络的路径的路由。 效率增益允许更大的网络利用率，从而节省网络服务提供商的成本。

公开(公告)号：US06735392B1

公开(公告)日：2004-05-11

申请号：US09420329

申请日：1999-10-18

申请人： Siraj Elahmadi ,  Paul A. Bullock ,  Nigel Baker ,  Kesavamurthy Nagaraj

发明人： Siraj Elahmadi ,  Paul A. Bullock ,  Nigel Baker ,  Kesavamurthy Nagaraj

IPC分类号： G02F100

CPC分类号： H04J14/0295 ,  H04J14/0227 ,  H04J14/0241 ,  H04J14/0283 ,  H04J14/0286 ,  H04Q11/0062 ,  H04Q2011/0011 ,  H04Q2011/0081 ,  H04Q2011/0092

摘要： A system and method for transmitting and restoring an optical signal in an optical ring is presented. The optical ring comprises a plurality of nodes, each node containing an optical cross connect switching fabric coupled to a data switch. The optical cross connect switching fabric and the data switch are coupled to a short reach side of a wavelength translation device. A long reach side of the wavelength translation device is coupled to a dense wave division multiplex (DWDM) coupler. The optical cross connect switching fabric and the data switch include a protect channel and a working channel for transporting the optical signal. The wavelength translation device receives the optical signal at a high speed rate, where the optical signal is a short reach optical signal and originates from a high speed interface on the data switch. The wavelength translation device then maps the short reach optical signal into a long reach DWDM optical signal at the high speed rate and forwards, via the DWDM coupler, the long reach optical signal to an adjacent DWDM coupler located at an adjacent node. If a link failure occurs and has not recovered, and the protect channel is not available, optical cross connect switching fabrics at adjacent nodes on each side of the failed link switch the optical signal to an alternate diverse protect port. An optical pass through of the switched optical signal between any transit nodes in the optical ring is then configured resulting in a restoration path for the working channel.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种在光环中发送和恢复光信号的系统和方法。 光环包括多个节点，每个节点包含耦合到数据交换机的光交叉连接交换结构。 光交叉连接交换结构和数据交换机耦合到波长转换设备的短距离侧。 波长转换装置的长距离侧耦合到密集波分复用（DWDM）耦合器。 光交叉交换结构和数据交换机包括保护信道和用于传输光信号的工作信道。 波长转换装置以高速率接收光信号，其中光信号是短距离光信号，并且来自数据交换机上的高速接口。 然后，波长转换装置将短距离光信号以高速率映射成长距离DWDM光信号，并通过DWDM耦合器将长距离光信号转发到位于相邻节点的相邻DWDM耦合器。 如果链路故障发生并且没有恢复，并且保护信道不可用，则在故障链路的每一侧的相邻节点处的光交叉连接交换结构将光信号切换到备用的多样保护端口。 然后，在光环中的任何传输节点之间光交换光交换光路，从而产生用于工作信道的恢复路径。

公开(公告)号：US5959749A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-28

申请号：US81666

申请日：1997-05-20

申请人： David John Danagher ,  Alan G. Solheim ,  Maurice S. O'Sullivan ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Kim Byron Roberts ,  Duncan John Forbes ,  Nigel Baker ,  Ian Hardcastle ,  Takis Hadjifotiou ,  Bipin Patel ,  Giuseppe Bordogna ,  James St. Leger Harley

发明人： David John Danagher ,  Alan G. Solheim ,  Maurice S. O'Sullivan ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Kim Byron Roberts ,  Duncan John Forbes ,  Nigel Baker ,  Ian Hardcastle ,  Takis Hadjifotiou ,  Bipin Patel ,  Giuseppe Bordogna ,  James St. Leger Harley

IPC分类号： H04J14/02 ,  H04Q11/00 ,  H04J14/00

CPC分类号： H04J14/0221 ,  H04J14/0212 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0016 ,  H04Q2011/0024 ,  H04Q2011/0039 ,  H04Q2011/0069

摘要： An add/drop multiplexer/demultiplexer (ADM) for switching, modulating and attenuating optical signals in a fiber optic network employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is disclosed. The ADM is equipped an optical multiplexer for splitting an input WDM signal into individual optical signals, leading to respective 2.times.2 switches. Each switch has another input originating from a plurality of "add lines", and selects one of its inputs to be dropped and the other to continue along a main signal path. The retained signals may be modulated and attenuated prior to being tapped and finally multiplexed together by a WDM multiplexer. The tapped signals are optoelectronically converted and fed back to a controller, preferably a digital signal processor running a software algorithm, which controls the switching, modulation and attenuation. This permits remote control of the ADM functions by encoding instructions for the controller into a low-frequency dither signal that is embedded within the individual optical signals. The ADM can accordingly be instructed to reroute traffic, dynamically equalize or otherwise change optical channel power levels, and add or remove dither, all in real time. A specific optical channel may be reserved for control purposes, allowing a network administrator to "log in" to the ADM to override the controller software algorithm. Optionally, the optical signals can be tapped upon entry to the ADM. A bidirectional ADM can be constructed from two unidirectional ADMs, and may share the same controller. Also, a single, general multi-input multi-output switch can be used to provide an arbitrary mapping between individual input and output optical signals.

公开(公告)号：US06606427B1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-12

申请号：US09511065

申请日：2000-02-23

申请人： Alan F. Graves ,  Nigel Baker ,  Peter Roorda ,  Robert William Spagnoletti

发明人： Alan F. Graves ,  Nigel Baker ,  Peter Roorda ,  Robert William Spagnoletti

IPC分类号： G02B635

CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 ,  G02B6/3512 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/356 ,  G02B6/3849 ,  G02B6/3885 ,  G02B6/3887 ,  G02B6/43 ,  H04Q1/04 ,  H04Q11/0071 ,  H04Q2011/0011 ,  H04Q2011/0016 ,  H04Q2011/0026 ,  H04Q2201/804

摘要： A cross-connect switch for switching optical signals, in particular, Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed (DWDM) signals is disclosed. The switch includes a switching matrix for each of the predetermined wavelengths of the DWDM signals. The switching matrices include Micro-Electro-Mechanical (MEM) systems which have optically reflective elements, typically mirrors, arranged in rows and columns for switching an incoming optical signal travelling along a row of such elements to an output port aligned with a column of the elements. The switch has input demultiplexers to split an incoming DWDM signal into its component channel wavelengths, each of which is directed to a switching matrix where it is switched to an output port and recombined into an outgoing DWDM signal by a multiplexer before being transmitted out of the switch. A wavelength-converting switch, connected across the switching matrices, is also included for switching channels between wavelengths.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于切换光信号的交叉连接开关，特别是密集波分复用（DWDM）信号。 开关包括用于DWDM信号的每个预定波长的开关矩阵。 开关矩阵包括微机电（MEM）系统，其具有光学反射元件（通常为反射镜），其被布置成行和列，用于将沿着这些元件的行行进的入射光信号切换成与列的列对准的输出端口 元素。 该开关具有输入解复用器，用于将输入的DWDM信号分解成其分量信道波长，每个信道波长被引导到切换矩阵，在该矩阵中，切换到输出端口，并在多路复用器被发送出去之前由多路复用器重新组合成输出的DWDM信号 开关。 连接在开关矩阵上的波长转换开关也被包括用于在波长之间切换通道。

公开(公告)号：US06400861B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-04

申请号：US09559854

申请日：2000-04-27

申请人： Duncan J Forbes ,  Robert Spagnoletti ,  Nigel Baker

发明人： Duncan J Forbes ,  Robert Spagnoletti ,  Nigel Baker

IPC分类号： H04J1402

CPC分类号： H04J14/02

摘要： Wave division multiplexers and demultiplexers utilizing fused fiber couplers and similar devices are expensive to implement. This is a barrier to deployment of optical networks particularly in the metro and access areas. The invention provides a cheaper design scheme to help overcome this problem. The invention provides an apparatus arranged to demultiplex a predetermined range and number of wavelengths comprising a plurality of devices each having at least one input port and two output ports, the output ports of each device having a periodic and complimentary series of minimum attenuation wavelength peaks, wherein the devices are arranged such that each demultiplexes a unique series of wavelengths, and wherein the apparatus comprises at least one device having a series of minimum attenuation wavelength peaks which do not correspond to the unique series of wavelengths the device is arranged to demultiplex.

摘要翻译： 使用融合光纤耦合器和类似器件的波分复用器和解复用器实现昂贵。 这是部署光网络的障碍，特别是在地铁和接入区域。 本发明提供了一种更便宜的设计方案来帮助克服这个问题。 本发明提供了一种设备，用于对包括多个装置的预定范围和数量的波长进行解复用，每个装置具有至少一个输入端口和两个输出端口，每个装置的输出端口具有周期性和互补的一系列最小衰减波长峰值， 其中所述装置被布置为使得每个多路复用唯一的一系列波长，并且其中所述装置包括至少一个具有一系列最小衰减波长峰值的装置，所述最小衰减波长峰值不对应于所述装置被布置为解复用的唯一波长序列。

公开(公告)号：US07362777B2

公开(公告)日：2008-04-22

申请号：US10185135

申请日：2002-06-27

申请人： Douglas Fisher ,  Nigel Bragg ,  Robert Friskney ,  Nigel Baker

发明人： Douglas Fisher ,  Nigel Bragg ,  Robert Friskney ,  Nigel Baker

IPC分类号： H04J3/24

CPC分类号： H04J3/1617 ,  H04J2203/0094 ,  H04Q11/0478

摘要： A multiplexed frame based client signal comprising a payload and a client overhead is transported between first and second client networks over a plurality of signal paths by inverse multiplexing the client signal into a plurality of lower rate signals each containing a respective payload and client overhead; attaching a carrier overhead to each said lower rate signal; transmitting the lower rate signals over the plurality of paths from the first client network to the second client network; and, at the second network, discarding the carrier overhead from each lower rate signal, and reassembling the lower rate signals so as to recover the client signal. The method enables bandwidth trading utilising virtual concatenation of synchronous optical channels, such that transparent transmission of a customers signals over any variety of intermediate networks can be achieved without requiring that the intermediate networks support virtual concatenation.

摘要翻译： 包括有效载荷和客户机开销的复用的基于帧的客户端信号通过多个信号路径在第一和第二客户端网络之间通过将客户端信号反向多路复用为多个低速率信号而传送，每个低速率信号包含各自的有效载荷和客户端开销; 将载波开销附加到每个所述较低速率信号; 通过所述多个路径从所述第一客户端网络向所述第二客户端网络发送所述较低速率信号; 并且在第二网络处，从每个较低速率信号中丢弃载波开销，并重新组合较低速率信号以便恢复客户端信号。 该方法使得能够利用同步光信道的虚级联进行带宽交易，从而可以实现客户信号在各种中间网络上的透明传输，而不需要中间网络支持虚级联。

公开(公告)号：US06643464B1

公开(公告)日：2003-11-04

申请号：US09349349

申请日：1999-07-07

申请人： Peter Roorda ,  Nigel Baker ,  Adrian P Sparks

发明人： Peter Roorda ,  Nigel Baker ,  Adrian P Sparks

IPC分类号： H04B1020

CPC分类号： H04J14/0295 ,  H04B10/032 ,  H04B10/27 ,  H04J14/0284 ,  H04J14/0294

摘要： To provide improved protection bandwidth efficiency for a fast recovery from a fault in an optical network, a protection ring for sharing between some of the protection paths has a pre-configured route so as to overlap on a given one of the links, with other protection paths or other rings. A selector for the given link selects which of the overlapping secondary paths is allocated to the given link at any time. Thus, two types of sharing of protection paths are combined to achieve more efficient use of protection bandwidth. The link selector can be controlled locally and so can operate more rapidly. The local control, essentially independent of the switches used to set up the secondary path through the network, makes the combination easier to scale to larger, more complex networks than shared rings alone.

摘要翻译： 为了提供从光网络故障快速恢复的改进的保护带宽效率，用于在一些保护路径之间共享的保护环具有预先配置的路由，以便在给定的一个链路上重叠，具有其他保护 路径或其他环。 给定链路的选择器随时选择哪个重叠的次路径被分配给给定的链路。 因此，组合保护路径的两种类型的共享以实现更有效地使用保护带宽。 链路选择器可以在本地进行控制，因此可以更快地运行。 本地控制，基本上独立于用于建立通过网络的辅助路径的交换机，使得组合比单独的共享环更容易扩展到更大，更复杂的网络。

公开(公告)号：US06101012A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-08

申请号：US343414

申请日：1999-06-30

申请人： David John Danagher ,  Alan G. Solheim ,  Maurice S. O'Sullivan ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Kim Byron Roberts ,  Duncan John Forbes ,  Nigel Baker ,  Ian Hardcastle ,  Takis Hadjifotiou ,  Bipin Patel ,  Giuseppe Bordogna ,  James St. Leger Harley

发明人： David John Danagher ,  Alan G. Solheim ,  Maurice S. O'Sullivan ,  Richard A. Habel ,  Kim Byron Roberts ,  Duncan John Forbes ,  Nigel Baker ,  Ian Hardcastle ,  Takis Hadjifotiou ,  Bipin Patel ,  Giuseppe Bordogna ,  James St. Leger Harley

IPC分类号： H04J14/02 ,  H04Q11/00

CPC分类号： H04J14/0221 ,  H04J14/0212 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0016 ,  H04Q2011/0024 ,  H04Q2011/0039 ,  H04Q2011/0069

摘要： An add/drop multiplexer/demultiplexer (ADM) for switching, modulating and attenuating optical signals in a fiber optic network employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is disclosed. The ADM is equipped an optical multiplexer for splitting an input WDM signal into individual optical signals, leading to respective 2.times.2 switches. Each switch has another input originating from a plurality of "add lines", and selects one of its inputs to be dropped and the other to continue along a main signal path. The retained signals may be modulated and attenuated prior to being tapped and finally multiplexed together by a WDM multiplexer. The tapped signals are optoelectronically converted and fed back to a controller, preferably a digital signal processor running a software algorithm, which controls the switching, modulation and attenuation. This permits remote control of the ADM functions by encoding instructions for the controller into a low-frequency dither signal that is embedded within the individual optical signals. The ADM can accordingly be instructed to reroute traffic, dynamically equalize or otherwise change optical channel power levels, and add or remove dither, all in real time. A specific optical channel may be reserved for control purposes, allowing a network administrator to "log in" to the ADM to override the controller software algorithm. Optionally, the optical signals can be tapped upon entry to the ADM. A bidirectional ADM can be constructed from two unidirectional ADMs, and may share the same controller. Also, a single, general multi-input multi-output switch can be used to provide an arbitrary mapping between individual input and output optical signals.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在采用波分复用（WDM）的光纤网络中切换，调制和衰减光信号的分插复用器/解复用器（ADM）。 ADM装备有一个光信号多路复用器，用于将输入的WDM信号分离成各自的光信号，从而产生各自的2x2开关。 每个开关具有源自多个“相加线”的另一个输入，并且选择其一个输入被丢弃，另一个输入沿主信号路径继续。 保留的信号可以在被抽头之前被调制和衰减，并且最终由WDM多路复用器多路复用在一起。 抽头信号被光电转换并反馈到控制器，优选地是运行软件算法的数字信号处理器，其控制开关，调制和衰减。 这允许通过将控制器的指令编码成嵌入各个光信号内的低频抖动信号来远程控制ADM功能。 因此可以指示ADM重新路由业务，动态均衡或以其他方式改变光信道功率级别，并且实时地添加或去除抖动。 可以保留特定的光通道用于控制目的，允许网络管理员“登录”到ADM以覆盖控制器软件算法。 可选地，可以在进入ADM时轻拍光信号。 双向ADM可以由两个单向ADM构建，并且可以共享相同的控制器。 此外，单个一般的多输入多输出开关可用于提供各个输入和输出光信号之间的任意映射。