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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4950543A
公开(公告)日：1990-08-21
申请号：US292649
申请日：1988-12-29
IPC分类号： C23C16/02 , C23C16/26 , C23C16/30 , C23C16/50 , C23C16/511
CPC分类号： C23C16/0245 , C23C16/26 , Y10T428/30
摘要： The process for making a structural element subjected to a high thermal stress and made of a material of high thermal conductivity such as molybdenum, tungsten, copper, aluminum or an alloy of these metals with a protective layer protecting the surface of the structural element comprises treating the surface of the structural element to remove surface impurities present and then coating the surface with an amorphous hydrogen containing carbon layer. For reduction, i.e. removal, of the surface impurities the structural element can advantageously be exposed to a hydrogen flow containing hydrogen atoms and/or ions at a temperature of from 100.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. at a pressure of from 10.sup.-2 to 10.sup.2 Pa. The hydrogen atoms and/or the hydrogen ions coming in contact with the surface of the structural element are formed by contact dissociation at at least one hot surface or by glow discharge or by electron cyclotron resonance and the volatile products are pumped away. The layer of amorphous carbon is formed by subsequently directing a hydrocarbon ion stream at the cleaned surface at pressures from 10.sup.-2 to 10.sup.2 Pa.
摘要翻译： 制造具有高热应力并由诸如钼，钨，铜，铝或这些金属的合金的高导热性材料制成的结构元件与保护结构元件表面的保护层的方法包括处理 结构元件的表面以除去存在的表面杂质，然后用含有无定形氢的碳层涂覆表面。 为了减少（即去除）表面杂质，结构元件可有利地在100-260℃的温度下暴露于含氢原子和/或离子的氢气流中，压力为10-2 通过在至少一个热表面的接触解离或通过辉光放电或电子回旋共振来形成与结构元件表面接触的氢原子和/或氢离子，并将挥发性产物泵送 。 通过随后在10-2至102Pa的压力下将清洁的表面上的烃离子流引导，形成无定形碳层。
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2.发明授权Method and device for separation of an isotope mixture of hydrogen, existing predominantly in molecular and/or bound form in a gas containing free materials and/or other materials in composition, from the remaining components of the gas 失效用于分离主要以分子和/或结合形式存在的含有游离材料和/或组合物中的其它材料的气体的氢的同位素混合物与气体的其余组分分离的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4634454A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-06
申请号：US314230
申请日：1981-10-23
CPC分类号： B01D59/12 , C01B3/501 , C01B4/00 , C01B2203/0405 , Y10S423/07
摘要： A method and apparatus for separation of an isotope mixture of hydrogen, sting predominantly in molecular form and/or inbound form, from the remaining components of a gas. A first chamber is separated from a second chamber by a wall which is permeable for atomic hydrogen and less permeable for molecular hydrogen. The hydrogen is converted into atomic hydrogen or, if necessary, is separated in atomic form from the material with which the hydrogen has gone into chemical composition. A device electrically operable independently of the wall is provided for converting the molecular and/or bound hydrogen to form atomic hydrogen in apparatus for this purpose. A heating device for elevating the temperature of thread, wire, or body of other form capable of being heated above 1500 K is provided and such thread, wire, or body is made of high-melting material, such as tungsten, iridium, osmium, or rhenium. The permeable wall of material differing from palladium consists of iron, steel or nickel as well as nickel-base alloys.
摘要翻译： 一种用于分离主要以分子形式和/或入口形式存在的与气体的其余组分形成的氢的同位素混合物的方法和装置。 第一室通过对于原子氢可渗透并且对于分子氢不太可渗透的壁与第二室隔开。 氢被转化成原子氢，或者如果需要，从原子形式与氢已经进入化学成分的材料分离。 提供了独立于壁电可操作的装置，用于在该设备中转化分子和/或结合的氢以形成原子氢。 提供一种用于提高能够在1500K以上加热的其他形式的线，线或主体的温度的加热装置，并且这种线，线或主体由诸如钨，铱，锇等的高熔点材料制成， 或铼。 不同于钯的材料的可渗透壁由铁，钢或镍以及镍基合金组成。
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公开(公告)号：US4944777A
公开(公告)日：1990-07-31
申请号：US776623
申请日：1985-09-16
CPC分类号： B01D53/228 , B01D69/12 , B01D71/02 , C01B3/503 , C01B4/00 , C01B2203/0405
摘要： In separating hydrogen from a mixture of gases by diffusion through a non-porous membrane which is selectively permeable to hydrogen, the hydrogen being at least partially dissociated prior to being contacted with the membrane, the membrane is made up of at least two layers of different materials. The layer on the upstream side of the membrane is less dissolving to hydrogen and has a lower release rate constant at 300.degree. C. than the layer on the downstream side. The membrane may consist of an iron diaphragm with a thin coating of copper on the upstream side.
摘要翻译： 在通过扩散通过选择性渗透氢气的非多孔膜将氢气与气体混合物分离时，氢气在与膜接触之前至少部分解离，膜由至少两层不同的膜组成 材料 膜的上游侧的层较少溶解于氢，并且在300℃下比下游侧的层具有更低的释放速率常数。 膜可以由在上游侧具有薄铜层的铁隔膜组成。
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4.发明授权Device utilized for separation of hydrogen isotopes from a gas mixture for separation of isotopes contained in a hydrogen isotope mixture 失效用于从氢气同位素混合物中分离氢同位素用于分离氢同位素混合物中所含的同位素的装置
公开(公告)号：US4494965A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-22
申请号：US430042
申请日：1982-09-30
摘要： An apparatus utilized for separating hydrogen isotopes from a gas mixture separate isotopes contained in a hydrogen isotope mixture. The apparatus is provided with two chambers closable by valves and surrounded on all sides by walls and separated from each other by a wall or partition of material differing from palladium though permeable preferably for atomic hydrogen and permeable only to a lesser extent for molecular hydrogen. One of the chambers is connected with a gas supply line as well as a gas discharge line, and the other chamber, provided for collecting isotope mixture coming through the permeable wall, is capable of being evacuated. The remaining walls of the chambers consist of material which is not or is only poorly permeable for hydrogen isotopes. In the chamber connected with the gas supply line and gas discharge line, there is arranged a device for conversion of molecular hydrogen into atomic hydrogen for separation of isotopes contained in the hydrogen isotope mixture as well as, as the case may be, for the compression thereof. Multiple devices or apparatus of the present invention can be electrically operated independently of the walls or partition and can be connected sequentially in a cascade form.
摘要翻译： 用于将氢同位素从气体混合物中分离以分离含氢同位素混合物中的同位素的装置。 该设备设置有两个可由阀关闭的室，并且在所有侧面上被壁围绕，并且彼此分隔开的不同于钯的材料的壁或分隔体，优选用于原子氢，并且对于分子氢而言可渗透的程度较小。 其中一个室与气体供应管线以及气体排放管线连接，另一个室用于收集通过可渗透壁的同位素混合物，能够被排空。 室的剩余壁由氢同位素不能或仅仅渗透性差的材料组成。 在与气体供应管线和气体排放管线连接的室中，布置有用于将分子氢转化为原子氢的装置，用于分离氢同位素混合物中所含的同位素以及（视情况而定）用于压缩 其中。 本发明的多个装置或装置可以独立于壁或分隔件而电动操作，并且可以以级联形式依次连接。
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