摘要:
The present invention discloses two stage subterranean zone fracturing fluids and methods. A two stage subterranean zone fracturing fluid of the invention comprises a first stage fluid comprising a foamed liquid containing a water soluble gel breaker and a second stage fluid that comprises a viscous liquid containing a metal cross-linked gelling agent. Another two stage subterranean zone fracturing fluid comprises a first stage fluid comprising a foamed liquid containing a water soluble gel breaker and a second stage fluid comprising a viscous liquid containing a borate cross-linked gelling agent.
摘要:
A method is disclosed for drilling a wellbore employing a drilling fluid providing the advantages of easy pumpability of a low viscosity fluid with the drill cuttings suspension capability of a highly viscous fluid. The viscosity of the fluid is also easily and quickly adjustable so that the fluid rheology may be adapted during drilling as the subterranean conditions change. These advantages are obtained by including in said fluid a reversibly crosslinkable polymer and an encapsulated crosslink activator. The crosslink activator causes crosslinking after the fluid is in the wellbore. The crosslinking is reversed at the well surface to reduce the viscosity of the fluid to enable the drill cuttings to be easily removed. Crosslink activator is added back to the fluid and the fluid is returned to the borehole. The amount of crosslink activator and/or crosslinkable polymer may be adjusted in the fluid to change the fluid rheology to conform the fluid to changes in the well conditions as monitored real time.
摘要:
The present invention provides improved methods of treating subterranean formations using borate cross-linking compositions and borate cross-linked well treating fluids. The borate cross-linking compositions are basically comprised of a low viscosity hydrocarbon liquid, an organophillic clay, a slightly water soluble borate, a buffer and a dispersing agent.
摘要:
The present invention provides borate cross-linked well treating fluids and methods of preparing and using the fluids in treating wells such as fracturing subterranean zones therein. The improved cross-linked treating fluids are basically comprised of water, a hydrated galactomannan gelling agent and a borate composition for buffering the treating fluid and cross-linking the hydrated galactomannan gelling agent comprised of water, a soluble boron source and an alkanolamine or alkylamine.
摘要:
An aqueous fracturing fluid composition and method for fracturing subterranean formations penetrated by a well bore wherein the fracturing fluid comprises a viscosity breaker that comprises a surfactant and a breaker which is solid at ambient surface conditions and dissolves at temperatures in the formation.
摘要:
A gel fluid for treating a subterranean formation penetrated by a well bore including an aqueous liquid, an organic gelling agent and at least about 0.05% by weight, based on the weight of the aqueous liquid, of a broken gel fragment stabilizer. The gel fluid can optionally include crosslinking agents, proppant materials, pH buffers and other components. The broken gel fragment stabilizer is a dialkyl sulfosuccinate that has dispersing properties sufficient to diminish the propensity of broken gel fragments formed when the gel fluid breaks to agglomerate. Also provided is a method of treating a subterranean formation penetrated by a well bore. The inventive gel fluid and method are particularly suitable for fracturing a subterranean formation to stimulate the production of hydrocarbons therefrom.
摘要:
A method of fracturing a subterranean formation with a stabilized foamed fracturing fluid comprising from about 30 percent to in excess of about 95 percent by volume of carbon dioxide with the remainder comprising a substantially anhydrous liquid and a selected surfactant. The foam is formed in situ by injection of a stabilized liquid-liquid emulsion containing liquid carbon dioxide into a well bore penetrating the formation. The temperature and pressure of the emulsion is controlled to maintain the carbon dioxide in the liquid phase during injection into the well bore. Thereafter, the carbon dioxide is heated by the subterranean formation to a temperature above about 88.degree. F. at which time the stabilized emulsion spontaneously forms a high quality stabilized foam.
摘要:
A method of servicing a wellbore, comprising transporting a plurality of wellbore servicing equipment to a well site associated with the wellbore, accessing a water source to form a water stream from the water source to at least one of the plurality of wellbore servicing equipment, passing a direct electrical current through the water stream obtained from the water source to coalesce an undissolved solid phase and an undissolved organic phase in the water stream, separating the coalesced undissolved solid phase and the coalesced undissolved organic phase from the water stream to yield a substantially single-phase water stream, adding ozone to the substantially single-phase water stream to yield an ozonated water stream, irradiating the ozonated water stream with ultraviolet light to yield an irradiated water stream, forming a wellbore servicing fluid using the irradiated water stream, and placing the wellbore servicing fluid into the wellbore.
摘要:
Methods that comprise selecting proppant for use in a fracturing fluid based on one or more factors, wherein the one or more factors comprise an interaction between the proppant and the fracturing fluid. Methods that comprise designing a treatment fluid that comprises a gelled base fluid and a particulate based on one or more factors, wherein the one or more factors comprise an interaction between the particulate and the gelled base fluid.
摘要:
Subterranean treatment fluids that exhibit enhanced particulate transport or suspension capabilities, and associated methods of use in certain subterranean treatments are provided. In one embodiment, the methods comprise: providing a linear gelled fluid that comprises an aqueous base fluid, a plurality of particulates, and a linear particulate transport enhancing additive, the linear gelled fluid having a certain yield stress, crossover frequency, and/or particulate settling time; introducing the linear gelled fluid into the subterranean formation; and using the linear gelled fluid to create or enhance at least one fracture in at least a portion of the subterranean formation.