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公开(公告)号：US20060169580A1
公开(公告)日：2006-08-03
申请号：US11291526
申请日：2005-12-01
Applicant: Vladimir Grebenyuk , Oleg Grebenyuk , Keith Sims , William Carson , Russell MacDonald , Li Zhang
Inventor： Vladimir Grebenyuk , Oleg Grebenyuk , Keith Sims , William Carson , Russell MacDonald , Li Zhang
IPC: C25B9/08
CPC classification number: C02F1/4695 , B01D61/46 , B01D61/48 , B01D61/52 , B01D63/10 , B01J47/08 , C02F2001/46152 , C02F2201/003 , C02F2201/4611
Abstract: EDI apparatus for demineralizing a liquid flow is assembled in a housing having a cylindrical shape, and includes two metal electrodes, and one or more leafs, each leaf comprising a pair of selectively ion-permeable membranes arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart by spacing elements that allow liquid to flow in the interstitial space between membranes, thus forming an arrangement of dilute and concentrate cells in a desired flow configuration. Spacing elements between membranes, as well as between leaves, can be formed of inert polymer material, ion exchange beads, ion exchange fibers, a combination of two or more these elements, or a porous media incorporating one or more of such elements as an intrinsic part. An inner or central electrode and an outer or perimeter electrode establish a generally uniform and radially-oriented electrical or ionic current between the inner and the outer electrodes, across the helical flow spaces defined by the membrane/spacer windings. One or both electrodes may include a pocket, and the adjacent flow cells lie parallel to the electrode and free of shadowing and field inhomogeneity around a full circumference of the electrode. Flow paths within the helical cells are defined by barrier seals, which may form a path-lengthening maze, while unfilled cell regions may disperse or collect flow within a cell and define pressure gradients promote directional flows. Impermeable barriers between membranes further prevent the feed and concentrate flows from mixing. In various embodiments, seals along or between portions of the flow path may define a multi-stage device, may define separate feed and/or concentrate flows for different stages, and/or may direct the feed and concentrate flows along preferred directions which may be co-current, counter-current or cross-current with respect to each other within the apparatus.
Abstract translation: 用于使液体流动脱矿质的EDI装置组装在具有圆柱形形状的壳体中，并且包括两个金属电极和一个或多个叶片，每个叶片包括一对彼此平行布置的间隔开的间隔开的间隔开的选择性离子渗透膜 允许液体在膜之间的间隙空间中流动的元件，从而在期望的流动构型中形成稀释和浓缩细胞的排列。 膜之间以及叶之间的间隔元件可以由惰性聚合物材料，离子交换珠，离子交换纤维，两种或更多种这些元素的组合形成，或多种介质结合一种或多种这样的元素，如内在的 部分。 内部或中心电极和外部或周边电极在内部和外部电极之间跨越由膜/间隔件绕组限定的螺旋流动空间建立大致均匀且径向取向的电或离子电流。 一个或两个电极可以包括袋，并且相邻的流动池平行于电极并且在电极的整个周围没有阴影和场不均匀性。 螺旋细胞内的流动路径由阻挡密封件限定，其可以形成路径延长迷宫，而未填充的细胞区域可以在细胞内分散或收集流动并且限定压力梯度促进定向流动。 膜之间的不渗透屏障进一步防止了进料和浓缩物的流动。 在各种实施例中，沿着流动路径的部分或之间的密封件可以限定多级装置，可以为不同的级限定单独的进料和/或浓缩物流，和/或可以将进料和浓缩物流沿着优选的方向引导， 在设备内相互相互并流，逆流或交叉电流。
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2.发明申请
公开(公告)号：US20060163056A1
公开(公告)日：2006-07-27
申请号：US11291528
申请日：2005-12-01
Applicant: Vladimir Grebenyuk , Oleg Grebenyuk , Keith Sims , William Carson , Russell MacDonald , Li Zhang
Inventor： Vladimir Grebenyuk , Oleg Grebenyuk , Keith Sims , William Carson , Russell MacDonald , Li Zhang
IPC: C25C7/02
CPC classification number: C02F1/4695 , B01D61/46 , B01D61/48 , B01D61/52 , B01D63/10 , B01J47/08 , C02F2001/46152 , C02F2201/003 , C02F2201/4611
Abstract: EDI apparatus for demineralizing a liquid flow is assembled in a housing having a cylindrical shape, and includes two metal electrodes, and one or more leafs, each leaf comprising a pair of selectively ion-permeable membranes arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart by spacing elements that allow liquid to flow in the interstitial space between membranes, thus forming an arrangement of dilute and concentrate cells in a desired flow configuration. Spacing elements between membranes, as well as between leaves, can be formed of inert polymer material, ion exchange beads, ion exchange fibers, a combination of two or more these elements, or a porous media incorporating one or more of such elements as an intrinsic part. An inner or central electrode and an outer or perimeter electrode establish a generally uniform and radially-oriented electrical or ionic current between the inner and the outer electrodes, across the helical flow spaces defined by the membrane/spacer windings. One or both electrodes may include a pocket, and the adjacent flow cells lie parallel to the electrode and free of shadowing and field inhomogeneity around a full circumference of the electrode. Flow paths within the helical cells are defined by barrier seals, which may form a path-lengthening maze, while unfilled cell regions may disperse or collect flow within a cell and define pressure gradients promote directional flows. Impermeable barriers between membranes further prevent the feed and concentrate flows from mixing. In various embodiments, seals along or between portions of the flow path may define a multi-stage device, may define separate feed and/or concentrate flows for different stages, and/or may direct the feed and concentrate flows along preferred directions which may be co-current, counter-current or cross-current with respect to each other within the apparatus.
Abstract translation: 用于使液体流动脱矿质的EDI装置组装在具有圆柱形形状的壳体中，并且包括两个金属电极和一个或多个叶片，每个叶片包括一对彼此平行布置的间隔开的间隔开的间隔开的选择性离子渗透膜 允许液体在膜之间的间隙空间中流动的元件，从而在期望的流动构型中形成稀释和浓缩细胞的排列。 膜之间以及叶之间的间隔元件可以由惰性聚合物材料，离子交换珠，离子交换纤维，两种或更多种这些元素的组合形成，或多种介质结合一种或多种这样的元素，如内在的 部分。 内部或中心电极和外部或周边电极在内部和外部电极之间跨越由膜/间隔件绕组限定的螺旋流动空间建立大致均匀且径向取向的电或离子电流。 一个或两个电极可以包括袋，并且相邻的流动池平行于电极并且在电极的整个周围没有阴影和场不均匀性。 螺旋细胞内的流动路径由阻挡密封件限定，其可以形成路径延长迷宫，而未填充的细胞区域可以在细胞内分散或收集流动并且限定压力梯度促进定向流动。 膜之间的不渗透屏障进一步防止了进料和浓缩物的流动。 在各种实施例中，沿着流动路径的部分或之间的密封件可以限定多级装置，可以为不同的级限定单独的进料和/或浓缩物流，和/或可以将进料和浓缩物流沿着优选的方向引导， 在设备内相互相互并流，逆流或交叉电流。
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公开(公告)号：US20060118420A1
公开(公告)日：2006-06-08
申请号：US11293441
申请日：2005-12-02
Applicant: Russell MacDonald , Zhang Li
Inventor： Russell MacDonald , Zhang Li
CPC classification number: B01D61/48 , B01D61/52 , B01J47/12 , B01J47/127
Abstract: A linear exchange element with functionalized polymer on a core of rope, twine or yarn has well defined physical structure and may function as a spacer or be formed into free-standing exchange elements. A screen is fabricated from such strands or strips, with a pattern of mixed, sequential or other exchange types for enhanced operation in a capture device or in an electrodialysis device. Strands possess tensile strength, enabling deionization devices of new architecture, such as fiber-wound cartridges and other packing arrangements. Bodies made of the strands may operate as walls to perform the function of an exchange membrane or bed, or may operate as spacers positioned between membranes to enhance ion capture and transport, and their properties simplify handling and regeneration. Electroseparation devices advantageously employ the open spacers to better treat food, fermentation product or other streams where high conductivity, suspended solids and fouling would otherwise present problems. “Woven” mats may be arranged so that strands of one type in a first layer possess at least some points of contact with strands of opposite type in an adjacent layer, and different strand diameter and mesh pitch or dimension may be employed for treating fluids of different viscosity or concentration to optimize treatment throughput and removal rate, or to minimize fouling or flow obstruction and otherwise extend the range of treatment parameters.
Abstract translation: 在绳索，麻线或纱线的芯上具有官能化聚合物的线性交换元件具有明确的物理结构，并且可以用作间隔物或形成独立的交换元件。 屏幕由这种线或条制成，具有混合，顺序或其它交换类型的图案，用于在捕获装置或电渗析装置中增强操作。 绞线具有拉伸强度，使得新结构的去离子装置，例如纤维缠绕筒和其它包装装置。 由股线制成的机构可以作为壁来运行交换膜或床的功能，或者可以作为间隔物来操作，以隔离膜以增强离子捕获和输送，并且它们的性质简化了处理和再生。 电分离装置有利地使用开放间隔物来更好地处理食物，发酵产物或其它流，其中高导电性，悬浮固体和结垢将另外存在问题。 可以布置“编织”垫，使得第一层中的一种类型的股线在相邻层中具有与相反类型的股线的至少一些接触点，并且不同的股直径和网格间距或尺寸可用于处理 不同的粘度或浓度，以优化处理量和去除率，或最大限度地减少结垢或流动阻塞，否则扩展处理参数的范围。
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公开(公告)号：US20070051684A1
公开(公告)日：2007-03-08
申请号：US10527766
申请日：2003-09-12
Applicant: Vladimir Grebenyuk , William Carson , Oleg Grebenyuk , Keith Sims , Russell MacDonald
Inventor： Vladimir Grebenyuk , William Carson , Oleg Grebenyuk , Keith Sims , Russell MacDonald
CPC classification number: C02F1/4695 , B01D61/48 , B01D2313/30 , B01J47/08 , C02F2201/46115 , C02F2303/16
Abstract: An electrodeionization, (EDI) apparatus has flow cells with a sparse distribution of ion exchange (IX) material or beads. The beads extend between membranes defining opposed walls of the cell to separate and support the membranes, and form a layer substantially free of bead-to-bead dead-end reverse junctions. The beads enhance capture of ions from surrounding fluid in dilute cells, and do not throw salt when operating current is increased. In concentrating cells, the sparse bead filling provides a stable low impedance bridge to enhanced power utilization in the stack. A monotype sparse filling may be used in concentrate cells, while mixed, layered, striped, graded or other beads may be employed in dilute cells. Ion conduction paths are no more than a few grains long and the lower packing density permits effective fluid flow. A flow cell thickness may be below one millimeter, and the beads may be discretely spaced, form a mixed or patterned monolayer, or form an ordered bilayer, and a mesh having a lattice spacing comparable to or of the same order of magnitude as resin grain size, may provide a distributed open support that assures a stable distribution of the sparse filling, and over time maintains the initial balance of uniform conductivity and good through-flow. The cells or low thickness and this resin layers relax stack size and power supply constraints, while providing treatment efficiencies and process stability. Reduced ion migration distances enhance the ion removal rate without reducing the product flow rate. The sparse resin bed may be layered, graded along the length of the path, striped or otherwise patterned. Inter-grain ion hopping is reduced or eliminated, thus avoiding the occurrence of salt-throwing which occurs at reverse bead junctions of prior art constructions. Conductivity of concentrate cells is increased, permitting more compact device construction, allowing increases in stack cell number, and providing more efficient electrical operation without ion additions. Finally, ion storage within beads is greatly reduces, eliminating the potential for contamination during reversal operation. Various methods of forming sparse beds and assembling the stacks are disclosed.
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公开(公告)号：US20060169581A1
公开(公告)日：2006-08-03
申请号：US11292319
申请日：2005-12-01
Applicant: Vladimir Grebenyuk , Oleg Grebenyuk , Keith Sims , William Carson , Russell MacDonald , Li Zhang
Inventor： Vladimir Grebenyuk , Oleg Grebenyuk , Keith Sims , William Carson , Russell MacDonald , Li Zhang
IPC: C25B9/08
CPC classification number: B01D61/46 , B01D61/48 , B01D61/52 , B01D63/10 , B01J47/08 , C02F1/4695 , C02F2201/003
Abstract: EDI apparatus for demineralizing a liquid flow is assembled in a housing having a cylindrical shape, and includes two metal electrodes, and one or more leafs, each leaf comprising a pair of selectively ion-permeable membranes arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart by spacing elements that allow liquid to flow in the interstitial space between membranes, thus forming an arrangement of dilute and concentrate cells in a desired flow configuration. Spacing elements between membranes, as well as between leaves, can be formed of inert polymer material, ion exchange beads, ion exchange fibers, a combination of two or more these elements, or a porous media incorporating one or more of such elements as an intrinsic part. An inner or central electrode and an outer or perimeter electrode establish a generally uniform and radially-oriented electrical or ionic current between the inner and the outer electrodes, across the helical flow spaces defined by the membrane/spacer windings. One or both electrodes may include a pocket, and the adjacent flow cells lie parallel to the electrode and free of shadowing and field inhomogeneity around a full circumference of the electrode. Flow paths within the helical cells are defined by barrier seals, which may form a path-lengthening maze, while unfilled cell regions may disperse or collect flow within a cell and define pressure gradients promote directional flows. Impermeable barriers between membranes further prevent the feed and concentrate flows from mixing. In various embodiments, seals along or between portions of the flow path may define a multi-stage device, may define separate feed and/or concentrate flows for different stages, and/or may direct the feed and concentrate flows along preferred directions which may be co-current, counter-current or cross-current with respect to each other within the apparatus.
Abstract translation: 用于使液体流动脱矿质的EDI装置组装在具有圆柱形形状的壳体中，并且包括两个金属电极和一个或多个叶片，每个叶片包括一对彼此平行布置的间隔开的间隔开的间隔开的选择性离子渗透膜 允许液体在膜之间的间隙空间中流动的元件，从而在期望的流动构型中形成稀释和浓缩细胞的排列。 膜之间以及叶之间的间隔元件可以由惰性聚合物材料，离子交换珠，离子交换纤维，两种或更多种这些元素的组合形成，或多种介质结合一种或多种这样的元素，如内在的 部分。 内部或中心电极和外部或周边电极在内部和外部电极之间跨越由膜/间隔件绕组限定的螺旋流动空间建立大致均匀且径向取向的电或离子电流。 一个或两个电极可以包括袋，并且相邻的流动池平行于电极并且在电极的整个周围没有阴影和场不均匀性。 螺旋细胞内的流动路径由阻挡密封件限定，其可以形成路径延长迷宫，而未填充的细胞区域可以在细胞内分散或收集流动并且限定压力梯度促进定向流动。 膜之间的不渗透屏障进一步防止了进料和浓缩物的流动。 在各种实施例中，沿着流动路径的部分或之间的密封件可以限定多级装置，可以为不同的级限定单独的进料和/或浓缩物流，和/或可以将进料和浓缩物流沿着优选的方向引导， 在设备内相互相互并流，逆流或交叉电流。
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公开(公告)号：US2338320A
公开(公告)日：1944-01-04
申请号：US40267641
申请日：1941-07-16
Applicant: PATRICK DONOVAN JAMES , RUSSELL MACDONALD WILLIAM
Inventor： PATRICK DONOVAN JAMES , RUSSELL MACDONALD WILLIAM
CPC classification number: E01C19/203 , A01C17/00
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公开(公告)号：US20060169586A1
公开(公告)日：2006-08-03
申请号：US11292796
申请日：2005-12-02
Applicant: Li Zhang , Yongchang Zheng , Russell MacDonald , Yuander Ju
Inventor： Li Zhang , Yongchang Zheng , Russell MacDonald , Yuander Ju
IPC: C07K1/26
CPC classification number: B01D61/46 , B01D61/445 , C07K1/24 , C12M47/12
Abstract: A fluid from a fermentation process or the like is passed or circulated through chambers of a bipolar membrane electrodialysis unit to separate an ionizable organic acid stream and at least one co-ion or residual stream. The organic acid stream is preferably concentrated (e.g., by recirculation, dewatering or both), and a product is recovered from the concentrated stream, for example by crystallization, and other outputs from the electrodialysis unit may be integrated with overall treatment and applied elsewhere in the treatment system. Depleted feed may be returned upstream to enhance yield, condition the medium or form a by-product. Treatment systems of the invention may replace a cation exchange bed and/or various filter arrangements, and recirculation of the feed and product flows through the unit enhance recovery, separation and quality of the target species. An ED chamber may include a filling of ion exchange beads to maintain a desired operating efficiency as the feed is depleted, and the straight-through operation effectively operates as pre-filtration stage to provide downstream product-bearing flows with processing characteristics for enhanced treatment, recovery and product quality. When operated to treat a downstream waste, systems allow additional recovery of value in the form of product, unexpended nutrients, co-factors and/or other components present in the waste.
Abstract translation: 来自发酵过程等的流体通过或循环通过双极膜电渗析装置的室，以分离出可电离的有机酸流和至少一种共离子或残余流。 优选浓缩有机酸流（例如通过再循环，脱水或两者），并且例如通过结晶从浓缩物流中回收产物，并且来自电渗析装置的其它输出可以与整体处理相结合并在其它地方应用 治疗系统。 消耗的饲料可以向上游返回以提高产量，调节培养基或形成副产物。 本发明的处理系统可以替代阳离子交换床和/或各种过滤器装置，并且通过该单元的进料和产物流的再循环增强了目标物种的回收，分离和质量。 ED室可以包括填充离子交换珠以在进料耗尽时保持期望的操作效率，并且直通操作有效地作为预过滤阶段进行操作以提供具有用于增强处理的加工特性的下游产品流动流， 恢复和产品质量。 当操作处理下游废物时，系统允许以产品，未用的营养物，辅因子和/或废物中存在的其他成分的形式额外回收价值。
