摘要:
Among fuel rods constituting a fuel assembly, Gd compound oxide is added to low Gd containing fuel rods that containing uranium dioxide of which enrichment exceeds 5 wt %. The Gd compound oxide is oxide of gadolinium and rare earth element A except for gadolinium and is expressed as a chemical formula A1-xGdxO2-0.5x or a chemical formula A1-xGdxO1.5. As the rare earth element A, cerium Ce, lanthanum La or erbium Er can be used.
摘要:
A spin transistor comprises a spin injector for injecting, from a first nonmagnetic electrode carriers with a spin parallel to a spin band forming the band edge of a first ferromagnetic barrier layer, to a second nonmagnetic electrode layer, as hot carriers. It also comprises a spin analyzer whereby, due to spin-splitting at the band edge of a second ferromagnetic barrier layer, the spin-polarized hot carriers are transported to a third nonmagnetic electrode when the direction of the spin of the carriers injected into the second nonmagnetic electrode is parallel to that of the spin of the spin band at the band edge of the second ferromagnetic barrier layer, whereas the hot carriers are not transported to the third nonmagnetic electrode in the case of antiparallel spin. A memory element is also provided that comprises such a spin transistor.
摘要:
A spin transistor comprises a spin injector for injecting, from a first nonmagnetic electrode carriers with a spin parallel to a spin band forming the band edge of a first ferromagnetic barrier layer, to a second nonmagnetic electrode layer, as hot carriers. It also comprises a spin analyzer whereby, due to spin-splitting at the band edge of a second ferromagnetic barrier layer, the spin-polarized hot carriers are transported to a third nonmagnetic electrode when the direction of the spin of the carriers injected into the second nonmagnetic electrode is parallel to that of the spin of the spin band at the band edge of the second ferromagnetic barrier layer, whereas the hot carriers are not transported to the third nonmagnetic electrode in the case of antiparallel spin. A memory element is also provided that comprises such a spin transistor.
摘要:
A spin transistor comprises a spin injector for injecting, from a first nonmagnetic electrode carriers with a spin parallel to a spin band forming the band edge of a first ferromagnetic barrier layer, to a second nonmagnetic electrode layer, as hot carriers. It also comprises a spin analyzer whereby, due to spin-splitting at the band edge of a second ferromagnetic barrier layer, the spin-polarized hot carriers are transported to a third nonmagnetic electrode when the direction of the spin of the carriers injected into the second nonmagnetic electrode is parallel to that of the spin of the spin band at the band edge of the second ferromagnetic barrier layer, whereas the hot carriers are not transported to the third nonmagnetic electrode in the case of antiparallel spin. A memory element is also provided that comprises such a spin transistor.
摘要:
A spin transistor comprises a spin injector for injecting, from a first nonmagnetic electrode carriers with a spin parallel to a spin band forming the band edge of a first ferromagnetic barrier layer, to a second nonmagnetic electrode layer, as hot carriers. It also comprises a spin analyzer whereby, due to spin-splitting at the band edge of a second ferromagnetic barrier layer, the spin-polarized hot carriers are transported to a third nonmagnetic electrode when the direction of the spin of the carriers injected into the second nonmagnetic electrode is parallel to that of the spin of the spin band at the band edge of the second ferromagnetic barrier layer, whereas the hot carriers are not transported to the third nonmagnetic electrode in the case of antiparallel spin. A memory element is also provided that comprises such a spin transistor.
摘要:
A spin transistor comprises a spin injector for injecting, from a first nonmagnetic electrode carriers with a spin parallel to a spin band forming the band edge of a first ferromagnetic barrier layer, to a second nonmagnetic electrode layer, as hot carriers. It also comprises a spin analyzer whereby, due to spin-splitting at the band edge of a second ferromagnetic barrier layer, the spin-polarized hot carriers are transported to a third nonmagnetic electrode when the direction of the spin of the carriers injected into the second nonmagnetic electrode is parallel to that of the spin of the spin band at the band edge of the second ferromagnetic barrier layer, whereas the hot carriers are not transported to the third nonmagnetic electrode in the case of antiparallel spin. A memory element is also provided that comprises such a spin transistor.
摘要:
A gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor chip comprises a gallium nitride substrate having a (0001) facet of a wurtzite type crystal structure as a principal facet and a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor crystal formed on the gallium nitride substrate, wherein: the gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor chip has a plurality of division facets and at least one of the plurality of division facets of the gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor chip is in a cleave facet direction of the gallium nitride substrate.
摘要:
A semiconductor device includes a multiple layer structure including a substantially flat active layer, and a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer adjacent to each other, the semiconductor layers having a corrugation at an interface therebetween; and a generating device which is connected to the multiple layer structure. An electromagnetic field intensity distribution is generated by use of the generating device in a waveguide region including the active layer, and the active layer includes a gain distribution having a distribution pattern corresponding to the corrugation. The multiple layer structure is produced by forming the corrugation on an upper surface of the first semiconductor layer, and forming the rest of the multiple layer structure including the second semiconductor layer and the active layer by using a vapor phase growth method once so as to make the active layer substantially flat. Then, the generating device is formed to be in contact with the multiple layer structure.
摘要:
A distributed feedback semiconductor laser device comprising a current blocking structure having a stripe groove, and a diffraction grating formed in the bottom of the stripe groove. The current blocking structure is formed over an active layer for laser oscillation, and it includes an etch stop layer against a groove etching in a lower potion of the current blocking structure. The refractive index distribution in transverse directions inside the stripe groove is controlled by the thickness of the optical guiding layer, enabling oscillation of the fundamental transverse mode.
摘要:
A multi-layered dielectric film that is coated on the end surfaces or other surfaces of optical products, wherein said multi-layered dielectric film is composed of alternate layers consisting of two kinds of dielectric layer, one of which is a first dielectric layer of TiO.sub.2 or ZnS with a high refractive index n.sub.1 and the other of which is a second dielectric layer of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 with a low refractive index n.sub.2.