摘要:
A secondary battery module includes a plurality of secondary battery cells each having a measureable temperature and each spaced apart from an adjacent one of the cells to define a cooling channel therebetween. The plurality of cells includes a first one of the cells having a measureable first temperature, and a terminal one of the cells having a measureable terminal temperature and separated from the first one of the cells by at least one other of the cells. The module includes a fluid flowable within each of the cooling channels and in thermal energy exchange relationship with each of the cells. The module includes a housing having a surface defining an inlet channel disposed in fluid flow communication with each of the cooling channels and configured for directing the fluid flow to each of the cooling channels. The surface has a shape defined by a spline.
摘要:
A secondary battery module includes a plurality of secondary battery cells each having a measureable temperature and each spaced apart from an adjacent one of the cells to define a cooling channel therebetween. The plurality of cells includes a first one of the cells having a measureable first temperature, and a terminal one of the cells having a measureable terminal temperature and separated from the first one of the cells by at least one other of the cells. The module includes a fluid flowable within each of the cooling channels and in thermal energy exchange relationship with each of the cells. The module includes a housing having a surface defining an inlet channel disposed in fluid flow communication with each of the cooling channels and configured for directing the fluid flow to each of the cooling channels. The surface has a shape defined by a spline.
摘要:
A method for detecting fuel leaking into an oil pan containing oil which is used to lubricate an internal combustion engine utilizes a plurality of sensors. The method includes the step of measuring a plurality of parameters of the oil using each of the plurality of sensors to create measured values. A fuel leakage value is calculated incorporating each of the measured values. The method then determines when the fuel leakage value exceeds a predetermined value.
摘要:
A magnetorheological (MR) piston assembly includes an MR piston, a rod, and a guide member. The guide member includes an MR fluid passageway and is attached to at least one of the piston and rod. A perimeter of a projection of the guide member onto a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis surrounds and is spaced apart from a perimeter of a projection of the MR piston onto the plane A damper includes an MR piston assembly and a tube. The piston assembly includes a piston, a rod, and a guide member. The guide member includes an MR fluid passageway and is attached to at least one of the piston and rod. The guide member diameter is greater than the piston diameter. The tube surrounds and is radially spaced apart from the piston and surrounds the guide member, wherein the guide member makes sliding contact with the tube.
摘要:
An oil change sensing system for an internal combustion engine, having an oil pressure sensor adapted to provide an oil pressure signal to an engine control module; an oil temperature sensor adapted to provide an oil temperature signal to the engine control module; wherein the engine control module comprises an algorithm which determines the oil's viscosity by using the measured oil temperature and oil pressure and the determined oil viscosity and a fresh oil viscosity are used to determine whether the oil is in a preferred operating range.
摘要:
A composite article for dissipating thermal energy from a secondary battery cell includes a first graphite layer, a second graphite layer spaced away from and arranged parallel to the first graphite layer, and a metal layer sandwiched between and disposed in contact with each of the first graphite layer and the second graphite layer. The composite article has a thermal conductivity of greater than or equal to about 1,200 W/mK and an electrical conductivity of greater than or equal to about 10,000 S/cm. A secondary battery module includes the composite article and a secondary battery cell having a length and an average measurable temperature along the length during operation of the secondary battery module. The composite article is disposed adjacent and in contact with the secondary battery cell to thereby dissipate thermal energy from the secondary battery cell during operation of the secondary battery module.
摘要:
A thermal management device for dissipating thermal energy from a secondary battery cell includes a first plate defining a first channel and a second channel spaced apart from the first channel, wherein the first plate further defines an inlet port in communication with the first channel and an outlet port in communication with the second channel and spaced opposite the inlet port. The device includes a second plate configured for thermal energy exchange with the cell and disposed in contact with the first plate to define a cross-flow channel, wherein the cross-flow channel interconnects the first and second channels. A thermal management system includes a cell having a first temperature, a fluid having a second temperature that is less than the first temperature, and the device. The fluid is conveyable from the inlet port to the outlet port via the cross-flow channel to thereby dissipate thermal energy from the cell.
摘要:
A heat pipe is described. The heat pipe includes a heat pipe body containing a working fluid; and a louvered cooling fin adjacent to one end of the heat pipe body, the louvered cooling fin extending outward from a surface of the heat pipe body. Air-cooled battery packs containing the heat pipe are also described.
摘要:
An improved kinetic spray nozzle system design is disclosed. The nozzle includes an improved powder injector having an injector tube and a sleeve wherein the injector tube is received in the sleeve and secured to the sleeve. The powder injector further includes an air gap defined between an inner diameter of the sleeve and an outer diameter of the injector tube wherein the air gap is from 50 to 200 microns. The improved injector is capable of spraying a variety of powder materials including hard and “gummy” powders for without clogging for extended periods of time whereas under similar spray conditions previous designs became completely plugged within minutes. The improved injector design enabled the use of higher main gas temperatures to achieve improved coating formation and deposition efficiencies. Most importantly, the improved design makes it possible to use the kinetic spray system with a wide range of powder materials in a manufacturing setting without interruptions caused by powder injector clogging related problems.
摘要:
A new gas collimator for use in a kinetic spray system is disclosed. The collimator reduces turbulence of the main gas and results in significant increases in the amount of particles deposited on a substrate using the system. Kinetic spray nozzles incorporating the new collimator also have significantly higher deposition efficiencies. The new collimator enables the main gas temperature to be reduced while permitting much higher depositions and deposition efficiencies compared to the prior art collimator. Also disclosed is a low pressure injection method for a kinetic spray system. The coaxial, low pressure injection method enables the use of low pressure powder feeders, which are low cost, technologically mature, and widely available commercially. The coaxial injection method overcomes several undesirable effects associated with prior art high pressure injection methods.