Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for producing a heat insulating laminate structure having an excellent solar radiation shielding capability as well as an excellent radio wave transparency. The method includes placing a transparent laminate film between two transparent substrates, the transparent laminate film having on at least one side of a transparent polymer film a laminated layer structure in which a metal oxide layer containing an organic component and a metal layer are laminated and grooves having widths of 30 μm or less are formed with dividing the metal layer; bonding the two substrates to each other through the transparent laminate film under application of a pressure; and promoting division of the metal layer in the transparent laminate film by the applied pressure to increase an overall surface resistance.
Abstract:
A surface emitting laser is provided which can control a beam shape and can provide higher efficiency and higher power. The surface emitting laser includes a gain region that is provided between a first semiconductor multilayer film reflection mirror and a second semiconductor multilayer film reflection mirror, which are arranged so as to oppose to each other, and that has a first active layer and a second active layer. The surface emitting laser has a current constriction layer for constricting an electric current which is injected into the first active layer and the second active layer. The first active layer and the second active layer have different active layer structures from each other.
Abstract:
A surface emitting laser which is configured by laminating on a substrate a lower reflection mirror, an active layer, and an upper reflection mirror, which includes, in a light emitting section of the upper reflection mirror, a structure for controlling reflectance that is configured by a low reflectance region and a concave high reflectance region formed in the central portion of the low reflectance region, and which oscillates at a wavelength of λ, wherein the upper reflection mirror is configured by a multilayer film reflection mirror based on a laminated structure formed by laminating a plurality of layers, the multilayer film reflection mirror includes a phase adjusting layer which has an optical thickness in the range of λ/8 to 3λ/8 inclusive in a light emitting peripheral portion on the multilayer film reflection mirror, and an absorption layer causing band-to-band absorption is provided in the phase adjusting layer.
Abstract:
A surface emitting laser includes a pair of multilayer mirrors disposed opposing to each other, and an active layer disposed between the multilayer mirrors. In at least one multilayer mirror of the pair of multilayer mirrors, a plurality of first pair layers are stacked, each first pair layer is formed from a high-refractive index layer having a first strain and a low-refractive index layer having a second strain; and a second pair layer is included, the second pair layer is formed of one of the high-refractive index layer and the low-refractive index layer of the first pair layer in which one of the high-refractive index layer and the low-refractive index layer of the first pair layer is replaced with a layer formed from a quaternary or higher mixed crystal semiconductor material having a third strain.
Abstract:
Provided are an optical device including a multilayer reflector having a layer whose optical thickness is not λ/4, and a vertical cavity surface emitting laser using the optical device. A resonance frequency shift or a reduction in reflectivity which is caused by a deviation from an optical thickness of λ/4 can be suppressed to improve characteristics and yield. The optical device for generating light of a wavelength λ includes a reflector and an active layer. The reflector is a semiconductor multilayer reflector including a first layer and a second layer which are alternatively laminated and have different refractive indices. The first layer has an optical thickness smaller than λ/4. The second layer has an optical thickness larger than λ/4. The interface between the first layer and the second layer is located at neither a node nor an antinode of an optical intensity distribution within the reflector.
Abstract:
Provided is a process for producing a surface emitting laser including a surface relief structure provided on laminated semiconductor layers, including the steps of transferring, to a first dielectric film, a first pattern for defining a mesa structure and a second pattern for defining the surface relief structure in the same process; and forming a second dielectric film on the first dielectric film and a surface of the laminated semiconductor layers to which the first pattern and the second pattern have been transferred. Accordingly, a center position of the surface relief structure can be aligned with a center position of a current confinement structure at high precision.
Abstract:
A surface emitting laser configured by laminating on a substrate a lower reflection mirror, an active layer and an upper reflection mirror includes, in a light emitting section of the upper reflection mirror, a structure for controlling reflectance that is configured by a low reflectance region and a convex high reflectance region formed in the central portion of the low reflectance region, and which oscillates at a wavelength of λ, wherein the upper reflection mirror is configured by a multilayer film reflection mirror based on a laminated structure formed by laminating a plurality of layers, and an absorption layer causing band-to-band absorption is provided in the laminated structure.
Abstract:
A cooling device has a case defining a first space through which a first fluid flows and a second space through which a second fluid having the temperature lower than that of the first fluid flows. A first heat exchanger is disposed in the first space for performing heat exchange between the first fluid and a refrigerant, thereby to evaporate the refrigerant. A second heat exchanger is disposed in the second space for performing heat exchange between the second fluid and the refrigerant evaporated in the first heat exchanger, thereby to transfer heat of the refrigerant to the second fluid. The case defines a first dimension in a first direction and a second dimension in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in a transverse cross-section. The second dimension is larger than the first dimension. The first space and the second space are arranged in the second direction.
Abstract:
A light-emitting element array can be manufactured without the separation of a metal reflection layer. The light-emitting element array includes a plurality of light-emitting element portions provided on a substrate, at least one space of the spaces between adjacent light-emitting element portions being electrically separated from each other, wherein the metal reflection layer is provided on the substrate and under the plurality of light-emitting element portions, and a resistive layer for electrical separation between the light-emitting element portions is provided between the plurality of light-emitting element portions and the metal reflection layer. The plurality of light-emitting element portions are divided into a plurality of blocks. Each of the blocks includes a plurality of light-emitting portions. The electrical separation between the light-emitting portions can be made as electrical separation between adjacent light-emitting element portions in adjacent and different blocks.
Abstract:
A light-emitting element array can be manufactured without the separation of a metal reflection layer. The light-emitting element array includes a plurality of light-emitting element portions provided on a substrate, at least one space of the spaces between adjacent light-emitting element portions being electrically separated from each other, wherein the metal reflection layer is provided on the substrate and under the plurality of light-emitting element portions, and a resistive layer for electrical separation between the light-emitting element portions is provided between the plurality of light-emitting element portions and the metal reflection layer. The plurality of light-emitting element portions are divided into a plurality of blocks. Each of the blocks includes a plurality of light-emitting portions. The electrical separation between the light-emitting portions can be made as electrical separation between adjacent light-emitting element portions in adjacent and different blocks.