Abstract:
A ferromagnetic pipe section is magnetically energized parallel to its axis at a low frequency and flux intensity, and a subsection of the energized section is sensed circumferentially to generate a signal responsive to changes in the magnetic character of the pipe comprising the said subsection. The sensing apparatus includes an annularly shaped, axially outwardly facing channel containing a circumferentially wound sensing coil surrounded by a toroidal gating coil. Associated circuitry generates a signal indicative of changes in the magnetic character of the subsection of the pipe sensed.
Abstract:
A METHOD OF TRANSPORTING BY PIPELINE TWO IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS SUCH AS A PETROLEUM PRODUCT AND A FERTILIZER SOLUTION. THE TWO FLUIDS ARE SEPARATED BY A TWO-ZONE LIQUID BUFFER, THE ZONES OF WHICH ARE SOLUBLE IN THE RESPECTIVE FLUIDS AND ALSO ONE IN THE OTHER, AS FOR EXAMPLE, ACETONE OR ALCOHOL AND WATER.