摘要:
Deep trench isolation structures and systems and methods including the same are disclosed herein. The systems include a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes a semiconductor body, a device region, and the deep trench isolation structure. The deep trench isolation structure is configured to electrically isolate the device region from other device regions that extend within the semiconductor body. The deep trench isolation structure includes an isolation trench, a dielectric material that extends within the isolation trench, a first semiconducting region, and a second semiconducting region. The methods include methods of manufacturing a semiconductor device that includes the disclosed deep trench isolation structures. The methods also include methods of operating an integrated circuit device that includes a plurality of semiconductor devices that include the disclosed deep trench isolation structures.
摘要:
A method of fabricating a transistor includes forming a field isolation region in a substrate. After forming the field isolation region, dopant is implanted in a first region of a substrate for formation of a drift region. A drain region is formed in a second region of the substrate. The first and second regions laterally overlap to define a conduction path for the transistor. The first region does not extend laterally across the second region.
摘要:
A pressure and flow calculation technique can be used in a distributed process network simulation system that uses the sequential solving method to perform better or faster simulations of a process flow, especially with respect to process junction nodes at which flow either converges or diverges. The pressure and flow variable determination technique uses a grouped node identification technique that identifies a local set of nodes for each junction node of the process network to use when solving for the pressure at the junction node, a grouped node iteration technique that uses the grouped set of nodes at each junction node to perform iterative pressure calculations at the junction node, and a flow-based pressure calibration technique at each junction node to enable the system to perform highly accurate pressure and flow variable determination at each junction node in real-time.
摘要:
A method of fabricating a transistor includes forming a field isolation region in a substrate. After forming the field isolation region, dopant is implanted in a first region of a substrate for formation of a drift region. A drain region is formed in a second region of the substrate. The first and second regions laterally overlap to define a conduction path for the transistor. The first region does not extend laterally across the second region.
摘要:
The present invention relates generally to process control systems and devices and, more particularly, to an apparatus for and a method of implementing redundant controller synchronization for bump-less failover during normal and mismatch conditions at the redundant controllers. The redundant controllers are configured to transmit state information of the process control areas of the primary controller to the backup controller that is necessary for synchronizing the redundant controllers but is not typically transmitted to other devices during the performance of process control functions. Synchronization messages are transmitted from the primary controller to the backup controller each time one of the control areas executes to perform process control functions. In other aspects, the redundant controllers are configured to determine state information at the backup controller from other process control network information during a failover of the primary controller where a mismatch condition exists between the control areas of the two controllers during the downloading of reconfigurations, and to initialize the backup controller at startup when the mismatch condition exists.
摘要:
The invention provides methods for designing ophthalmic lenses, and lenses produced by this method, which lenses corrects both low order and high order wavefront aberrations of the lens wearer's eyes.
摘要:
A process for the synthesis of 3,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine derivatives is claimed wherein a biguanid is reacted with acetaldehyde in the presence of an inorganic and/or organic base. The process can be carried out at mild and therefore economical reaction conditions.
摘要:
The invention provides methods for designing ophthalmic lenses, and lenses produced by this method, which lenses corrects both low order and high order wavefront aberrations of the lens wearer's eyes.
摘要:
A method of controlling soot blowers near a heat exchange section includes generating models of both the ideal clean operating condition of the section and the dirty operating condition. The current operating condition of the section is used to calculate a reliability parameter that provides an indication of the reliability of the ideal and dirty models. If the reliability parameter indicates that the models are reliable, the models are used to help evaluate the cleanliness status of a particular heat exchange section and assist in making decisions on whether to blow the section or not, and whether to make any necessary adjustments to the operating sequence of the soot blowers. If the reliability parameter indicates that the models are unreliable, the models are regenerated using additional process data.
摘要:
A technique of controlling a boiler system such as that used in a power generation plant includes using manipulated variables associated with or control inputs to a reheater section of the boiler system to control the operation of the furnace, and in particular to control the fuel/air mixture provided to the furnace or the fuel to feedwater ratio used in the furnace or boiler. In the case of a once-through boiler type of boiler system, using the burner tilt position, damper position or reheater spray amount to control the fuel/air mixture or the fuel to feedwater flow ratio of the system provides better unit operational efficiency.