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公开(公告)号：US07009565B2
公开(公告)日：2006-03-07
申请号：US10903993
申请日：2004-07-30
IPC分类号： H01Q1/38
CPC分类号： H01Q9/0485 , H01Q1/243 , H01Q1/38
摘要： An antenna comprises a resonator and a waveguide. The resonator comprises at least one body having a negative effective electrical permittivity or a negative magnetic permeability when a resonance is excited therein by electromagnetic radiation lying in some portion of the microwave spectrum. A termination of the waveguide is situated adjacent the resonator. The resonator is conformed such that at the resonance, there is efficient coupling between the resonator and the waveguide.
摘要翻译： 天线包括谐振器和波导。 谐振器包括至少一个具有负有效介电常数或负磁导率的主体，当通过位于微波频谱的某些部分的电磁辐射激发谐振时，该谐振被激励。 波导的终端位于谐振器附近。 谐振器是一致的，使得在共振时，共振器和波导之间有有效的耦合。
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公开(公告)号：US20080056723A1
公开(公告)日：2008-03-06
申请号：US11199930
申请日：2005-08-09
IPC分类号： H04B10/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/118
摘要： An optical system may be configured as a receiving or as a transmitting system. As a receiving system, it is configured to receive at least one incident laser beam and project the beam into a spot on an array of actuable elements. The position of the spot is determined by the incident angular direction of the beam. The array is configured to track the position of the spot and at each tracked position of the spot to direct the beam onto an actual element. The actuable element tracks the spot so as to direct the beam onto a fixed path toward an optical receiver. As a transmitting system, it includes an actuable element configured to direct the light output from a laser into a spot on an array of actuable elements. The array is configured to track the position of the spot and at each tracked position of the spot to direct the light into a beam-forming system. The beam-forming system is configured to project the light in a transmitted beam having a variable angular direction. The beam angular direction is determined by the position of the spot on the array.
摘要翻译： 光学系统可以被配置为接收或发送系统。 作为接收系统，其被配置为接收至少一个入射激光束并将光束投射到可致动元件阵列上的点中。 光斑的位置由光束的入射角方向决定。 阵列被配置为跟踪点的位置和点的每个跟踪位置以将光束引导到实际元件上。 致动元件跟踪光点，以便将光束引导到朝向光接收器的固定路径上。 作为发射系统，它包括可致动元件，其被配置为将来自激光器的光输出引导到可致动元件阵列上的点中。 阵列被配置为跟踪点的位置和点的每个跟踪位置以将光引导到波束形成系统中。 波束形成系统被配置为将光投射在具有可变角度方向的透射光束中。 光束角方向由阵列上光斑的位置决定。
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3.发明授权Laser communication system and method of operation using multiple transmitters and multiple receivers with dispersive multiplexing in multimode fiber 有权激光通信系统和多模光纤中使用分散复用的多个发射机和多个接收机的操作方法公开(公告)号：US06525853B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-25
申请号：US09397015
申请日：1999-09-15
申请人： Howard Roy Stuart
发明人： Howard Roy Stuart
IPC分类号： H04J1402
CPC分类号： H04B10/2581 , H04J14/02
摘要： A laser communication system includes transmitters and detectors coupled to a multimode fiber through “arms”, which can consist of N optical fibers joined to the main fiber through a 1×N fiber splitter. A set of N data streams is RF modulated onto RF carriers of identical frequency. RF modulated data streams are used to intensity modulate the N laser transmitters. N optical signals are combined onto the single multimode fiber for transmission to M multiple detectors, where M≧N. Each M detector receives power from all N transmitting lasers. The M detectors utilize direct optical detection to convert the received optical signal to a RF signal, which can be demodulated using standard RF techniques. The inherent modal-coupling diversity between the arms introduced by the optical system, when combined with modal dispersion in the multimode fiber, introduces a decorrelation in both the transmitted and received signal arrays to enhance signal throughput.
摘要翻译： 激光通信系统包括通过“臂”耦合到多模光纤的发射器和检测器，其可以由通过1xN光纤分离器连接到主光纤的N根光纤组成。 一组N个数据流被RF调制到相同频率的RF载波上。 RF调制数据流用于强度调制N个激光发射机。 N个光信号被组合到单个多模光纤上以传输到M个多重检测器，其中M> = N。 每个M检测器从所有N个发射激光器接收电力。 M个检测器利用直接光学检测将接收到的光信号转换为RF信号，其可以使用标准RF技术进行解调。 当与多模光纤中的模态色散组合时，由光学系统引入的臂之间的固有模态耦合分集在发送和接收信号阵列中引入解相关以增强信号吞吐量。
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公开(公告)号：US06836494B1
公开(公告)日：2004-12-28
申请号：US09584585
申请日：2000-05-31
申请人： Howard Roy Stuart
发明人： Howard Roy Stuart
IPC分类号： H01S314
CPC分类号： H01S3/06 , G02F1/353 , G02F2001/3548 , H01S3/08
摘要： A structure and method of enhancing optical emissions and optical energy comprising a metal layer having a first surface comprising a plurality of voids, said voids having a dimension less than the wavelength of optical energy being processed.
摘要翻译： 一种增强光发射和光能的结构和方法，包括具有包括多个空隙的第一表面的金属层，所述空隙的尺寸小于被处理的光能的波长。
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公开(公告)号：US07149378B2
公开(公告)日：2006-12-12
申请号：US10746566
申请日：2003-12-24
CPC分类号： G02B6/29395 , G02B6/12007 , G02B6/12019 , G02B6/122 , G02B6/2861 , G02B6/29349 , G02B6/29352 , G02B6/3516 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/3548 , G02B6/356 , G02B6/357 , G02B6/3584 , G02B6/3596 , G02B2006/12104 , G02B2006/12145 , G02B2006/12147 , G02B2006/12159
摘要： A monolithic waveguide/MEMS switch is disclosed that has a waveguide portion and a MEMS mirror portion fabricated on a single substrate, such as a as a silicon-on-insulator wafer. The monolithic waveguide/MEMS switch adjusts the phase of an optical signal by varying the position of one or more moveable mirrors. The mirror portion includes a mirror having a reflective surface that is attached to at least one MEMS actuator to achieve in-plane motion of the mirror (moves parallel to a plane of said at least one waveguide). In one implementation, the MEMS actuator is embodied as a known comb drive actuator. The phase adjustment techniques of the present invention may be employed in various optical devices, including wavelength selective optical switches that support multiple optical channels.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种单片波导/ MEMS开关，其具有制造在单个衬底（例如绝缘体上硅晶片）上的波导部分和MEMS镜部分。 单片波导/ MEMS开关通过改变一个或多个可移动反射镜的位置来调节光信号的相位。 反射镜部分包括具有反射表面的反射镜，该反射表面附接到至少一个MEMS致动器以实现反射镜的平面内运动（平行于所述至少一个波导的平面移动）。 在一个实现中，MEMS致动器被实现为已知的梳状驱动致动器。 本发明的相位调整技术可以用在各种光学装置中，包括支持多个光通道的波长选择光开关。
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公开(公告)号：US06823144B2
公开(公告)日：2004-11-23
申请号：US09892180
申请日：2001-06-26
申请人： Howard Roy Stuart
发明人： Howard Roy Stuart
IPC分类号： H04B1002
CPC分类号： H04B10/2513
摘要： An optical transmission system is provided which uses optical single-sideband (SSB) modulation and incorporates at least one mid-span analog SSB regenerator arranged to produce a phase conjugation of the transmitted signal. The phase conjugation technique, referred to here as complementary sideband regeneration (CSR), is accomplished on the retransmitted optical signal in the electrical domain, and requires no nonlinear optical techniques.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种光传输系统，其使用光学单边带（SSB）调制并且并入至少一个中跨模拟SSB再生器，其布置成产生发射信号的相位共轭。 相位共轭技术（这里称为互补边带再生（CSR））是在电域中的重传的光信号上实现的，并且不需要非线性光学技术。
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7.发明授权Apparatus and method for monitoring signal-to-noise ratio in optical transmission systems 有权用于监测光传输系统中信噪比的装置和方法公开(公告)号：US07218850B2
公开(公告)日：2007-05-15
申请号：US10636385
申请日：2003-08-07
申请人： Howard Roy Stuart
发明人： Howard Roy Stuart
IPC分类号： H04B10/08 , H04B10/06 , H04B10/148
CPC分类号： H04B10/2575 , H04B10/61
摘要： A high-sensitivity signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) determining apparatus measures the in-band SNR of an optical data signal by detecting and demodulating the optical signal and analyzing a narrow bandwidth of the resulting electrical data spectrum at half the data clock frequency, or more generally, a predetermined frequency equal to a multiple M of one-half the clock frequency, fclk/2, where M is an integer equal to or greater than one, may be used. When the optical signal is a WDM signal, a tunable filter isolates a single channel for detection. The detected electrical signal is subjected to both an in-phase and quadrature narrowband RF demodulation using a local oscillator at precisely half the clock frequency. Using this technique, the magnitude of the data portion of the optical signal becomes the in-phase component and the magnitude of the noise present in the optical signal becomes the quadrature component. The ratio of the two demodulated signal components (in-phase and quadrature) is proportional to the SNR of the detected signal. The technique is inherently narrowband and offers very high sensitivity and does not require an optical pre-amplifier.
摘要翻译： 高灵敏度信噪比（SNR）确定装置通过检测和解调光信号并且以一半数据时钟频率分析所得到的电数据频谱的窄带宽来测量光数据信号的带内SNR 或者更一般地，可以使用等于时钟频率的1/2的预定频率，其中M是等于或大于1的整数的时钟频率f clcl / 2。 当光信号是WDM信号时，可调谐滤波器隔离单个信道进行检测。 检测到的电信号在正好一半的时钟频率下使用本地振荡器进行同相和正交窄带RF解调。 使用该技术，光信号的数据部分的大小变成同相分量，并且存在于光信号中的噪声幅度变为正交分量。 两个解调信号分量（同相和正交）的比率与检测信号的SNR成比例。 该技术本质上是窄带，并提供非常高的灵敏度，并且不需要光学前置放大器。
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公开(公告)号：US06751377B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-15
申请号：US09861840
申请日：2001-05-21
IPC分类号： G02B642
CPC分类号： G02B6/12007 , G02B6/3502 , G02B6/3536 , G02B6/357 , G02B6/3596 , G02F1/0118 , G02F2201/063 , G02F2201/16 , G02F2203/15 , G02F2203/585
摘要： In accordance with the invention, a tunable, reconfigurable optical add-drop filter comprises a pair of optical waveguides optically coupled by a microring or microdisk resonator wherein the coupling distance between the resonator and at least one of the waveguides is micromechanically controllable. With this arrangement, the degree of coupling can be tuned after fabrication to provide high level extinction of dropped wavelengths and the filter can be dynamically reconfigured. Advantageously, laser radiation is provided to tune the resonant wavelength.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明，可调谐可重构的光分插滤波器包括由微环谐振器或微盘谐振器光学耦合的一对光波导，其中谐振器与至少一个波导之间的耦合距离是微机械可控的。 通过这种布置，可以在制造之后调整耦合度，以提供掉落波长的高电平消光，并且可以动态地重新配置滤波器。 有利地，提供激光辐射以调谐谐振波长。
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公开(公告)号：US07155083B2
公开(公告)日：2006-12-26
申请号：US11478189
申请日：2006-06-29
CPC分类号： G02B6/29395 , G02B6/12007 , G02B6/12019 , G02B6/122 , G02B6/2861 , G02B6/29349 , G02B6/29352 , G02B6/3516 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/3548 , G02B6/356 , G02B6/357 , G02B6/3584 , G02B6/3596 , G02B2006/12104 , G02B2006/12145 , G02B2006/12147 , G02B2006/12159
摘要： A monolithic waveguide/MEMS switch is disclosed that has a waveguide portion and a MEMS mirror portion fabricated on a single substrate, such as a as a silicon-on-insulator wafer. The monolithic waveguide/MEMS switch adjusts the phase of an optical signal by varying the position of one or more moveable mirrors. The mirror portion includes a mirror having a reflective surface that is attached to at least one MEMS actuator to achieve in-plane motion of the mirror (moves parallel to a plane of said at least one waveguide). In one implementation, the MEMS actuator is embodied as a known comb drive actuator. The phase adjustment techniques of the present invention may be employed in various optical devices, including wavelength selective optical switches that support multiple optical channels.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种单片波导/ MEMS开关，其具有制造在单个衬底（例如绝缘体上硅晶片）上的波导部分和MEMS镜部分。 单片波导/ MEMS开关通过改变一个或多个可移动反射镜的位置来调节光信号的相位。 反射镜部分包括具有反射表面的反射镜，该反射表面附接到至少一个MEMS致动器以实现反射镜的平面内运动（平行于所述至少一个波导的平面移动）。 在一个实现中，MEMS致动器被实现为已知的梳状驱动致动器。 本发明的相位调整技术可以用在各种光学装置中，包括支持多个光通道的波长选择光开关。
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