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    COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR THE DISPLACEMENT OF HYDROGEN FROM WATER UNDER STANDARD TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE CONDITIONS AND A HYDROGEN FUEL SYSTEM AND METHODS OF USING THE HYDROGEN FUEL SYSTEM
    1.
    发明申请
    COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR THE DISPLACEMENT OF HYDROGEN FROM WATER UNDER STANDARD TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE CONDITIONS AND A HYDROGEN FUEL SYSTEM AND METHODS OF USING THE HYDROGEN FUEL SYSTEM 审中-公开
    在标准温度和压力条件下的氢排放氢化氢燃料系统的组成和方法以及使用氢燃料系统的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20100080755A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-04-01

    申请号：US12571042

    申请日：2009-09-30

    申请人： John J. Parker ,  Alfonso L. Baldi

    发明人： John J. Parker ,  Alfonso L. Baldi

    IPC分类号： C01B3/10 ,  C09K3/00 ,  C01B3/08

    CPC分类号： C01B3/08 ,  Y02E60/36

    摘要： The present invention relates to the production of hydrogen gas. More particularly, the present invention relates to: (1) a composition and process for the displacement of hydrogen from water under standard temperature and pressure conditions; (2) a hydrogen fuel system; (3) a method for using the hydrogen fuel system in conjunction with a feedstock composition to produce hydrogen gas (e.g., onboard a vehicle); and (4) a method of using the hydrogen fuel system at a reduced cost (e.g., by providing a consumer rebate in exchange for the return of byproduct(s) collected after using the hydrogen fuel system). The composition (e.g., a feedstock composition) comprises finely divided metal powders (e.g., magnesium, or magnesium and aluminum) and can also contain a chloride salt (e.g., sodium chloride or potassium chloride). The process of the present invention comprises adding a composition of the present invention to water (either water that already contains chloride ions—such as seawater—or, alternatively, with compositions that contain a chloride salt, either fresh water or seawater), at standard temperature and pressure conditions, in order to create hydrogen gas from the displacement of hydrogen from the water The methods of the present invention also comprises contacting the feedstock composition of the present invention with water (either water that already contains chloride ions—such as seawater—or, alternatively, with compositions that contain a chloride salt, either fresh water or seawater), at standard temperature and pressure conditions, in order to create hydrogen gas from the displacement of hydrogen from the water.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及氢气的制备。 更具体地，本发明涉及：（1）在标准温度和压力条件下从水中排出氢的组合物和方法; （2）氢燃料系统; （3）将氢燃料系统与原料组合物结合使用以产生氢气（例如在车辆上）的方法; 和（4）以较低的成本使用氢燃料系统的方法（例如，通过提供消费者回扣以换取在使用氢燃料系统之后收集的副产物的返回）。 组合物（例如，原料组合物）包含细碎的金属粉末（例如镁或镁和铝），并且还可以含有氯化物盐（例如氯化钠或氯化钾）。 本发明的方法包括将标准的本发明组合物加入到水中（已经包含氯离子的水，例如海水，或者替代地，含有氯化物盐，淡水或海水的组合物） 温度和压力条件下，以从氢中从水中移出产生氢气本发明的方法还包括将本发明的原料组合物与水（或已经含有氯离子的水 - 例如海水 - 或者替代地，在标准温度和压力条件下，使用含有氯化物盐，淡水或海水的组合物，以便从氢从水中移位而产生氢气。

    Diffusion-coated metals
    3.
    发明授权
    Diffusion-coated metals 失效
    扩散涂层金属

    公开(公告)号：US4927798A

    公开(公告)日：1990-05-22

    申请号：US28741

    申请日：1987-03-23

    申请人： Alfonso L. Baldi

    发明人： Alfonso L. Baldi

    IPC分类号： B65D43/02 ,  C06B45/14

    CPC分类号： C06B45/14 ,  B65D43/022 ,  B65D2543/00092 ,  B65D2543/0037 ,  B65D2543/00435 ,  B65D2543/00509 ,  B65D2543/00546 ,  H05K2201/0209

    摘要： Iron and nickel are activated by diffusing aluminum into their surface at low temperature, and then leaching out some of that aluminum with caustic. So activated they are extremely pyrophoric and have their pyrophoric action improved by short dip in acid solution having pH about 2 to about 4. Foils of such metals so treated can be folded to further increase pyrophoric action.

    摘要翻译： 铁和镍通过在低温下将铝扩散到其表面而活化，然后用苛性碱浸出一些铝。 因此，活化它们是非常自燃的并且通过在pH约2至约4的酸性溶液中短时间浸渍来改善其自燃作用。如此处理的这种金属的箔可被折叠以进一步增加自燃作用。

    Pyrophoric process and product
    4.
    发明授权
    Pyrophoric process and product 失效
    发火工艺和产品

    公开(公告)号：US4708913A

    公开(公告)日：1987-11-24

    申请号：US281405

    申请日：1981-07-08

    申请人： Alfonso L. Baldi

    发明人： Alfonso L. Baldi

    IPC分类号： C23C10/06 ,  C23C10/30 ,  C23C10/34 ,  C06B27/00 ,  C06B33/00

    CPC分类号： C23C10/34 ,  C23C10/06 ,  C23C10/30 ,  H05K2201/0209 ,  Y10T428/12438

    摘要： Metals like iron and nickel are pyrophorically activated by continuous or batch treatment. Activated metal can be coated with material that increases, or tempers by partial blocking, pyrophoric action. Pyrophoric powder can be compacted with ignitable powders or fibers to produce self-supporting bodies having different degrees of pyrophoric activity.

    摘要翻译： 金属如铁和镍通过连续或间歇处理自发激活。 活化金属可以通过部分阻塞，自燃作用增加或缓解的材料涂覆。 发火粉末可以用可燃粉末或纤维压实以产生具有不同程度的自燃活性的自支撑体。

    Diffusion aluminizing of cobalt-base superalloys
    5.
    发明授权
    Diffusion aluminizing of cobalt-base superalloys 失效
    钴基超级合金的扩散镀铝

    公开(公告)号：US4528215A

    公开(公告)日：1985-07-09

    申请号：US548937

    申请日：1983-11-07

    申请人： Alfonso L. Baldi ,  Victor V. Damiano

    发明人： Alfonso L. Baldi ,  Victor V. Damiano

    IPC分类号： B01J35/04 ,  C23C10/02 ,  C23C10/40 ,  C23C10/48 ,  C23C10/56 ,  C23C10/58 ,  C23C10/60 ,  C23C11/00 ,  C23C13/00

    CPC分类号： C23C10/40 ,  B01J35/04 ,  C23C10/02 ,  C23C10/48 ,  C23C10/56 ,  C23C10/58 ,  C23C10/60

    摘要： In the pack diffusion coating of chromium into the surface of a superalloy, the formation of undesirable oxide inclusion is reduced when the diffusion coating pack contains at least about 3% Ni.sub.3 Al. Also the formation of alpha-chromium is reduced when the pack diffusion is carried out in a retort effectively not over five inches in height. On the other hand an alpha-chromium-rich layer at least 0.2 mil thick can be deliberately formed and the superalloy thus coated subjected to an aluminizing treatment to convert the alpha-chromium into islands that provide very high sulfidation resistance. Pack aluminizing in the presence of chromium makes a very effective aluminum- or chromium-containing top coating over platinum plated or platinum coated nickel-base superalloys. Depletion of diffusible material from workpieces heated in a powder-pack can also provide a surface on which aluminizing produces a highly impact-resistant coating.

    摘要翻译： 在将包含在超级合金表面中的铬扩散涂层中，当扩散涂层包含至少约3％Ni 3 Al时，形成不期望的氧化物夹杂物减少。 当包装扩散在有效地不超过五英寸高的蒸馏器中进行时，还可以减少α-铬的形成。 另一方面，可以有意地形成至少0.2密耳厚的富铬的层，并且如此涂覆的超级合金进行镀铝处理以将α-铬转化为提供非常高的耐硫化性的岛。 在镀铬的情况下，镀铝处理使镀铂或镀铂镍基超级合金上的铝或铬的顶涂层非常有效。 从粉末包装中加热的工件中消散可扩散材料还可以提供一种表面，在该表面上，铝化产生高度耐冲击的涂层。

    Diffusion coating combinations
    8.
    发明授权
    Diffusion coating combinations 失效
    扩散涂层组合

    公开(公告)号：US4292208A

    公开(公告)日：1981-09-29

    申请号：US687

    申请日：1979-01-03

    申请人： Alfonso L. Baldi ,  Victor V. Damiano

    发明人： Alfonso L. Baldi ,  Victor V. Damiano

    IPC分类号： B01J25/00 ,  B01J35/04 ,  B01J37/06 ,  C23C10/40 ,  C23C10/42 ,  C23C10/50 ,  C23C10/56 ,  C23C10/58 ,  C23C10/60 ,  B01J23/16 ,  B01J23/74 ,  B32B15/14

    CPC分类号： B01J35/04 ,  B01J25/00 ,  B01J37/06 ,  C23C10/40 ,  C23C10/42 ,  C23C10/50 ,  C23C10/56 ,  C23C10/58 ,  C23C10/60 ,  Y10T428/12424 ,  Y10T428/12438 ,  Y10T428/12479 ,  Y10T428/12944 ,  Y10T428/12958 ,  Y10T428/12979

    摘要： Diffusion coating a substrate metal with a different metal, such as aluminum and zinc, that is then chemically removed from the coated substrate, provides the residual metal with a very desirable catalytic surface. At least about a third of the removable metal can be dissolved out. Platinum wire screens activated in this way make effective exhaust catalysts for automotive engines. Chromium-rich coating for protective purposes can be applied on a superalloy, diffusion coating in a pack that in addition to the chromium to be diffused, also contains at least about 3% Ni.sub.3 Al. Also the formation of alpha-chromium is reduced when the pack diffusion is carried out in a retort effectively not over five inches in height. Pack aluminizing in the presence of chromium makes a very effective aluminum- and chromium-containing top coating over platinum plated or platinum coated nickel-base superalloys. Depletion of diffusible material from workpieces heated in a powder-pack can also provide a surface on which aluminizing produces a highly impact-resistant coating.

    摘要翻译： 使用不同金属（例如铝和锌）的基底金属的扩散涂覆，然后从涂覆的基底中化学去除，为残留金属提供了非常理想的催化剂表面。 至少约三分之一的可移除金属可以溶出来。 以这种方式激活的铂金丝网为汽车发动机生产有效的排气催化剂。 用于保护目的的富铬涂层可以应用于超合金，包装中的扩散涂层，除了要扩散的铬外，还含有至少约3％的Ni3Al。 当包装扩散在有效地不超过五英寸高的蒸馏器中进行时，还可以减少α-铬的形成。 在镀铬的情况下，镀铝处理使镀铂或镀铂镍基超级合金上的铝和铬的顶涂层非常有效。 从粉末包装中加热的工件中消散可扩散材料还可以提供一种表面，在该表面上，铝化产生高度耐冲击的涂层。

    Activated nickel screens and foils
    10.
    发明授权
    Activated nickel screens and foils 有权
    活性镍屏和箔

    公开(公告)号：US06491766B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-12-10

    申请号：US09692030

    申请日：2000-10-19

    申请人： Alfonso L. Baldi ,  Frank J. Clark

    发明人： Alfonso L. Baldi ,  Frank J. Clark

    IPC分类号： C23C2200

    CPC分类号： C23C10/60 ,  C23C10/30 ,  C25B11/0478 ,  Y10T428/12438 ,  Y10T428/12458 ,  Y10T428/12944 ,  Y10T428/12993

    摘要： A coating composition and process have been developed to provide an activated coating on nickel screen for use as cathodes in electrolytic cells for the generation of hydrogen and oxygen. Compared to the earlier Classical Pack Cementation process, the disclosed process is less expensive, reduces processing time from 20 hours to a few minutes, eliminates dusts and toxic gases, and provides improved performance in cells for hydrogen and oxygen generation. The coating is characterized by the presence of two activated layers with a high surface area, a multitude of fissures and a nickel to aluminum weight ratio greater than 20/1 in the top layer and greater than 4/1 in the bottom layer adjacent to the nickel substrate.

    摘要翻译： 已经开发了涂料组合物和方法，以在镍屏幕上提供活化涂层，用作用于产生氢气和氧气的电解池中的阴极。 与早期的古典水泥包装工艺相比，所公开的方法较便宜，可缩短20小时至几分钟的处理时间，消除灰尘和有毒气体，并为氢气和氧气的生成提供更好的性能。 涂层的特征在于在顶层中存在两个具有高表面积，大量裂缝和大大于20/1的镍与铝重量比的活化层，并且在底层附近大于4/1 镍基板。