摘要:
Polyacetals useful as detergent additives contain units of the formula ##STR1## where R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or COOM,M is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or an alkali metal, ammonium or alkanolamine group, andm is from 0 to 9,have K values (determined by the method of H. Fikentscher on the sodium salt in 1% strength by weight aqueous solution at 25.degree. C. and pH 7) of at least 8.5, and are prepared by polymerizing compounds of the formula ##STR2## where R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or COOM,M is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or an alkali metal, ammonium or alkanolamine group,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, andm is from 0 to 9,in the presence of initiators and optionally comonomers with or without hydrolysis of the ester groups.
摘要:
Modified polyaspartic acids useful as detergent and cleaner additives, as water treatment agents and as scale inhibitors in the evaporation of sugar juice are obtainable by polycondensation of (a) from 1 to 99.9 mol % of aspartic acid with (b) from 99 to 0.1 mol % of fatty acids, polybasic carboxylic acids, anhydrides of polybasic carboxylic acids, polybasic hydroxycarboxylic acids, monobasic polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, alcohols, amines, alkoxylated alcohols and amines, amino sugars, carbohydrates, sugarcarboxylic acids and/or non-proteinogenic aminocarboxylic acids or by polymerizing monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of polyaspartic acids in the manner of a free-radically initiated graft polymerization.
摘要:
A process for preparing polyacetals by copolymerization of glyoxylic esters with other copolymerizable monomers in the presence of anionic or cationic polymerization initiators, with or without the introduction of stable end groups and with or without hydrolysis of the copolymerized units of glyoxylic ester present in the copolymer comprises using as monomers cyclic formals derived from diols, homopolymers of formaldehyde, trioxepane or mixtures thereof, although up to 50% by weight of this group of monomers may be replaced by other customary copolymerizable monomers, and the poly(acetal-carboxylate)s thus obtainable are useful as additives in reduced-phosphate and phosphate-free detergents and cleaners, as water treatment agents and as dispersants for finely divided substances.
摘要:
Pulverulent and liquid detergents contain (1) one or more anionic surfactants, one or more nonionic surfactants or mixtures thereof and (2) copolymers in amounts of from 0.1 to 15% by weight preparable by copolymerization of(a) from 10 to 55 mol % of a 1,2-di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxyethylene,(b) from 10 to 60 mol % of a monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride of from 4 to 8 carbon atoms,(c) from 0 to 60 mol % of a monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -monocarboxylic acid and(d) from 0 to 20 mol % of another monoethylenically unsaturated monomerand subsequent hydrolysis of the anhydride groups of the copolymerized monomer (b) or reaction of these groups with an alcohol or an amine.Preferred copolymers contain 1,2 dimethoxyethylene as the (a) monomer, maleic acid as the (b) monomer, and acrylic acid as the (c) monomer.
摘要:
Process for preparing polycondensates of citric acid and/or isocitric acid, by converting(a) citric acid, isocitric acid or mixtures thereof in an organic solvent in the presence of a water-withdrawing agent at least partially into the anhydride form and then condensing the reaction mixture, if desired after addition of two cocondensable compounds selected from the group consisting of(b) other hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or(c) amino acids, alcohols, amines and/or at least dibasic carboxylic acids other than carboxylic acids (a) and (b), at temperatures of at least 80.degree. C. to form polycarboxylates which have an average molecular weight of at least 500, polycondensates of citric acid and/or isocitric acid obtainable thereby, anduse of said polycondensates as ingredients in phosphate-free and reduced-phosphate detergents and cleaners, and also detergents and cleaners which contain at least one surfactant and optionally builders and other customary constituents with from 0.1 to 30% by weight of an abovementioned polyestercarboxylate.
摘要:
Polymers which contain polyacetal blocks are obtainable by polymerizing carboxylates containing aldehyde groups in the presence of initiators and reacting the polymers with at least bifunctional crosslinking agents in the presence of acids or Lewis acids and, if required hydrolyzing the ester groups present as polymerized units, process for the preparation of the polymers containing polyacetal blocks by polymerizing carboxylates containing aldehyde groups in the presence of initiators and reacting the resulting polyacetals containing terminal hydroxyl groups with at least bifunctional crosslinking agents in the presence of acids or Lewis acids, and the use of the resulting polymers as additives in phosphate-free and reduced phosphate detergents and cleaning agents, as scale inhibitors and as dispersants for pigments.
摘要:
A process for preparing copolymers of vinyl esters and monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids by free-radical copolymerization of (a) 20 to 80 mol % of vinyl esters of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having at least 2 carbon atoms and (b) 80-20 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, with or without (c) 0-30 mol % of other copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and/or (d) 0-10 mol % of monomers which contain at least two non-conjugated ethylenic double bonds in the molecule, in the presence of at least one sulfur, phosphorus and/or nitrogen compound with a reducing action and of 0.05-30% by weight, based on the monomers, of at least one surface-active agent in aqueous medium in the presence of initiators and in the presence or absence of regulators, and the use of the copolymers or of the copolymers which are obtainable therefrom by hydrolysis and/or oxidation and have vinyl alcohol units as additive to detergents and cleaners.
摘要:
Copolymers containing (a) from 5 to 90 mol % of vinyl formate units, (b) from 10 to 95 mol % of units of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, (c) from 0 to 70 mol % of units of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, and (d) from 0 to 30 mol % of units of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in copolymerized form and having K values of at least 8 (determined by the method of H. Fikentscher in 1% strength by weight aqueous solution on the sodium salt of the copolymers at pH 7 and 25.degree. C.), processes for their preparation by copolymerizing monomer mixtures of (a) from 5 to 90 mol % of vinyl formate, (b) from 10 to 95 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, (c) from 0 to 70 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, and (d) from 0 to 30 mol % of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in an aqueous medium or in an organic solvent in the presence of free-radical polymerization initiators and use of the vinyl formate copolymers and of the vinyl alcohol copolymers obtainable therefrom by hydrolysis and/or oxidation as detergent and cleaner additives.
摘要:
A detergent composition contains as essential ingredients surfactants and from 0.1 to 15% by weight of water-soluble or -dispersible polymers obtainable by oxidation of polymers containing not less than 10 mol % of carboxyl-containing monoethylenically unsaturated monomers as copolymerized units and having Fikentscher K values of from 8 to 300.
摘要翻译:洗涤剂组合物含有作为基本成分的表面活性剂和0.1-15重量%的水溶性或分散性聚合物,其可通过将含有不少于10摩尔%的含羧基的单烯属不饱和单体的聚合物氧化为共聚单元并具有Fikentscher K 值从8到300。
摘要:
Copolymers useful in amounts of from 0.1 to 15% by weight as grayness inhibiting and primary detergency boosting additives in pulverulent liquid detergents have K values of from 10 to 80 (determined by Fikentscher in dimethylformamide at 25.degree. C. with a polymer concentration of 2% by weight) and are obtainable by copolymerizing monomer mixtures of(a) from 10 to 60% by weight of water-soluble monomers obtainable from (A) water-soluble polyalkylene glycols or (B) water-soluble alkoxylated C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 -alcohols, for example by esterification with C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -carboxylic acids, by vinylation with acetylene or by allylation with alkenyl ethers, or by reaction with ammonia to give the corresponding end group aminated compounds (A) or (B) and by reaction with monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -carboxylic acids to form the amides, and(b) from 40 to 90% by weight of vinyl esters of saturated monocarboxylic acids and/or alkyl esters of monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -monocarboxylic acidsat up to 160.degree. C. in inert solvents in the presence of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the monomers, of polymerization initiators, and, if the amount of initiator is less than 2% by weight, additionally in the presence of polymerization regulators.