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    Reversible electrochemical doping of conjugated polymers and secondary batteries based thereon
    2.
    发明授权
    Reversible electrochemical doping of conjugated polymers and secondary batteries based thereon 失效
    基于共轭聚合物和二次电池的可逆电化学掺杂

    公开(公告)号：US4801512A

    公开(公告)日：1989-01-31

    申请号：US123225

    申请日：1987-11-20

    申请人： Alan G. MacDiarmid ,  Alan J. Heeger ,  Paul J. Nigrey

    发明人： Alan G. MacDiarmid ,  Alan J. Heeger ,  Paul J. Nigrey

    IPC分类号： H01B1/12 ,  H01L51/40 ,  H01M10/36 ,  H01M10/44

    CPC分类号： H01M10/36 ,  H01B1/125 ,  H01L51/002

    摘要： Conjugated polymers are doped with ionic dopant species to a preselected room temperature electrical conductivity ranging from that characteristic of semiconductor behavior to that characteristic of metallic behavior, by means of reversible electrochemical doping procedures. The doping procedures are carried out in an electrochemical cell wherein the polymer to be doped is employed as one or both of the electrodes, and the electrolyte is a compound which is ionizable into the ionic dopant species to a p-type material; or if used as the cathode, becomes doped with a cationic dopant species to an n-type material.

    摘要翻译： 通过可逆的电化学掺杂方法，将共轭聚合物掺杂到离子掺杂物种类到预定的室温电导率，其范围从半导体行为的特性到金属特性。 掺杂过程在电化学电池中进行，其中待掺杂的聚合物用作电极中的一个或两个，并且电解质是可离子化成离子掺杂剂物质的化合物至p型材料; 或者如果用作阴极，则将n型材料的阳离子掺杂物掺杂。

    Electrochemical doping of conjugated polymers
    4.
    发明授权
    Electrochemical doping of conjugated polymers 失效
    共轭聚合物的电化学掺杂

    公开(公告)号：US4321114A

    公开(公告)日：1982-03-23

    申请号：US129439

    申请日：1980-03-11

    申请人： Alan G. MacDiarmid ,  Alan J. Heeger ,  Paul J. Nigrey

    发明人： Alan G. MacDiarmid ,  Alan J. Heeger ,  Paul J. Nigrey

    IPC分类号： H01M4/60 ,  H01B1/12 ,  H01L51/40 ,  H01M6/16 ,  H01M10/36 ,  H01M10/44

    CPC分类号： H01M10/36 ,  H01B1/125 ,  H01L51/002

    摘要： Conjugated polymers are doped with dopant ions to a preselected room temperature electrical conductivity ranging from that characteristic of semiconductor behavior to that characteristic of metallic behavior, by means of an electrochemical procedure wherein the polymer is employed as one or both of the electrodes of an electrolytic cell, including as the electrolyte a compound which is ionizable into the dopant ions. Upon electrolysis of the electrolyte, the polymer, if used as the anode, becomes doped with anionic dopant ions to a p-type material; or if used as the cathode, becomes doped with cationic dopant ions to an n-type material.The above-described electrochemical doping procedure finds particularly useful application in the charging of novel secondary batteries in which a doped conjugated polymer is employed as one or both of the electrodes. Such secondary batteries, in their charged state, comprise a metal whose Pauling electronegativity value is no greater than 1.6, or a conjugated polymer doped with dopant cations of said metal, as the anode-active material; a conjugated polymer doped with dopant anions as the cathode-active material; and a compound which is ionizable into the dopant ions as the electrolyte. In the initial discharged state of such secondary batteries, the polymer is in undoped form, and charging of the battery is effected by electrochemical doping of the polymer with the dopant ions of the electrolyte.

    摘要翻译： 通过电化学方法将共轭聚合物掺杂到掺杂剂离子到预定的室温电导率，其范围从半导体行为特性到金属特性的特性，其中聚合物用作电解槽的电极中的一个或两个 ，包括作为电解质的可离子化成掺杂剂离子的化合物。 在电解电解时，如果用作阳极，聚合物将掺杂阴离子掺杂剂离子到p型材料; 或者如果用作阴极，则将阳离子掺杂剂离子掺杂到n型材料。 上述电化学掺杂方法在其中使用掺杂共轭聚合物作为一个或两个电极的新型二次电池的充电中特别有用。 这种二次电池在其充电状态下，包含一种金属，其鲍林电负性值不大于1.6，或掺杂有所述金属的掺杂剂阳离子的共轭聚合物作为阳极活性材料; 掺杂有掺杂剂阴离子的共轭聚合物作为阴极活性材料; 以及作为电解质可离子化成掺杂剂离子的化合物。 在这种二次电池的初始放电状态下，聚合物是未掺杂的形式，并且电池的充电通过聚合物与电解质的掺杂剂离子的电化学掺杂来实现。

    Batteries having conjugated polymer electrodes
    5.
    发明授权
    Batteries having conjugated polymer electrodes 失效
    具有共轭聚合物电极的电池

    公开(公告)号：US4442187A

    公开(公告)日：1984-04-10

    申请号：US220496

    申请日：1980-12-29

    申请人： Alan G. MacDiarmid ,  Alan J. Heeger ,  Paul J. Nigrey

    发明人： Alan G. MacDiarmid ,  Alan J. Heeger ,  Paul J. Nigrey

    IPC分类号： H01B1/12 ,  H01L51/40 ,  H01M10/36 ,  H01M4/60

    CPC分类号： H01M10/36 ,  H01B1/125 ,  H01L51/002

    摘要： Conjugated polymers are doped with ionic dopant species to a preselected room temperature electrical conductivity ranging from that characteristic of semiconductor behavior to that characteristic of metallic behavior, by means of reversible electrochemical doping procedures. The doping procedures are carried out in an electrochemical cell wherein the polymer to be doped is employed as one or both of the electrodes, and the electrolyte is a compound which is ionizable into the ionic dopant species. Upon operation of the cell, the polymer, if used as the anode, becomes doped with an anionic dopant species to a p-type material; or if used as the cathode, becomes doped with a cationic dopant species to an n-type material.The electrochemical doping reactions and their reverse electrochemical undoping reactions are utilized as the charging and discharging mechanisms of novel lightweight secondary batteries which employ doped or dopable conjugated polymers as one or both of their electrodes.

    摘要翻译： 通过可逆的电化学掺杂方法，将共轭聚合物掺杂到离子掺杂剂物质到预定的室温电导率，其范围从半导体行为的特性到金属特性。 掺杂过程在电化学电池中进行，其中待掺杂的聚合物用作电极中的一个或两个，并且电解质是可离子化成离子掺杂剂物质的化合物。 在电池工作时，聚合物（如果用作阳极）变成掺杂了p型材料的阴离子掺杂剂物质; 或者如果用作阴极，则将n型材料的阳离子掺杂物掺杂。 电化学掺杂反应及其反向电化学去掺杂反应用作新型轻质二次电池的充电和放电机制，其采用掺杂或可掺杂的共轭聚合物作为其电极中的一个或两个。

    P-Type electrically conducting doped polyacetylene film and method of preparing same
    6.
    发明授权
    P-Type electrically conducting doped polyacetylene film and method of preparing same 失效
    P型导电掺杂聚乙炔薄膜及其制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US4222903A

    公开(公告)日：1980-09-16

    申请号：US902667

    申请日：1978-05-04

    申请人： Alan J. Heeger ,  Alan G. MacDiarmid ,  Chwan K. Chiang ,  Hideki Shirakawa

    发明人： Alan J. Heeger ,  Alan G. MacDiarmid ,  Chwan K. Chiang ,  Hideki Shirakawa

    IPC分类号： H01B1/12 ,  H01L51/30 ,  H01M4/66 ,  H01B1/06

    CPC分类号： H01M4/66 ,  H01B1/125 ,  H01L51/0041

    摘要： Electrically conducting organic polymeric material having a preselected room temperature p-type electrical conductivity which may vary over the entire range characteristic of semiconductor behavior and into the range characteristic of metallic behavior, is prepared by controlled chemical doping of polyacetylene in the form of a polycrystalline film. Exceptionally high room temperature p-type electrical conductivity within the range of from about 0.1 to of the order of 10.sup.3 ohm.sup.-1 cm.sup.-1 is achieved with several electron acceptor dopants, including bromine, iodine, iodine chloride, iodine bromide and arsenic pentafluoride.

    摘要翻译： 具有预选室温p型导电性的导电有机聚合物材料可以通过以多晶膜形式的聚乙炔的受控化学掺杂来制备，其可以在半导体行为特性的整个范围内变化并且达到金属行为的范围特性 。 使用几种电子受体掺杂剂（包括溴，碘，碘化碘，碘溴化物和五氟化砷）可以实现在约0.1至约10 3欧姆-1厘米-1的范围内的特别高的室温p型导电率。

    Electrically conducting doped polyacetylene film exhibiting n-type electrical conductivity and method of preparing same
    7.
    发明授权
    Electrically conducting doped polyacetylene film exhibiting n-type electrical conductivity and method of preparing same 失效
    显示n型导电性的导电掺杂的聚乙炔膜及其制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US4204216A

    公开(公告)日：1980-05-20

    申请号：US902666

    申请日：1978-05-04

    申请人： Alan J. Heeger ,  Alan G. MacDiarmid ,  Chwan K. Chiang ,  Shek-Chung Gau

    发明人： Alan J. Heeger ,  Alan G. MacDiarmid ,  Chwan K. Chiang ,  Shek-Chung Gau

    IPC分类号： H01B1/12 ,  H01L51/30 ,  H01L29/28

    CPC分类号： H01B1/125 ,  H01L51/0041

    摘要： Electrically conducting organic polymeric film material exhibiting a preselected room temperature n-type electrical conductivity ranging from that characteristic of semiconductor behavior to that characteristic of metallic behavior, is prepared by controlled electron donor doping of a polycrystalline film of polyacetylene with a metal dopant whose Pauling electronegativity value is no greater than 1.6. Preferred metal dopants are the alkali metals. The procedure may be employed in preparing polyacetylene film with a p-n junction formed by two adjacent portions of the film respectively provided wth p-type and n-type electrical conductivities.

    摘要翻译： 通过控制的电子给体掺杂聚乙炔多晶膜与金属掺杂剂，制备了具有从半导体行为特性到金属行为特性的预选室温n型电导率的导电有机聚合物薄膜材料，该金属掺杂剂具有保宁电负性 值不大于1.6。 优选的金属掺杂剂是碱金属。 该方法可以用于制备具有由膜的两个相邻部分形成的p-n结的聚乙炔膜，分别提供p型和n型电导率。

    Reagentless, reusable, bioelectronic detectors
    10.
    发明授权
    Reagentless, reusable, bioelectronic detectors 有权
    无源，可重复使用的生物电子探测器

    公开(公告)号：US08003374B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-08-23

    申请号：US11193318

    申请日：2005-07-29

    申请人： Alan J. Heeger ,  Chunhai Fan ,  Kevin Plaxco

    发明人： Alan J. Heeger ,  Chunhai Fan ,  Kevin Plaxco

    IPC分类号： C12M1/34 ,  C12M3/00 ,  C12M1/00 ,  C12Q1/68 ,  C07H21/04

    CPC分类号： B82Y15/00 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C12Q1/6825 ,  C12Q2565/607 ,  C12Q2565/107 ,  C12Q2525/205 ,  C12Q2563/113

    摘要： A reagentless, reusable bioelectronic DNA, or other oligonucleotide sequence sensor is disclosed. The sensor includes an oligonucleotide (aptamer) probe tagged with a electroactive, redoxable moiety, self-assembled on or near an electrode. This surface-confined oligonucleotide (aptamer) probe structure undergoes hybridization-induced conformational change in the presence of the target which changes the electron-transfer distance between the redoxable moiety and the electrode thereby providing a detectable signal change. In an alternative embodiment, the target can harbor the redoxable moiety.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种无试剂，可再利用的生物电子DNA或其他寡核苷酸序列传感器。 传感器包括用电活性的可氧化可氧化部分标记的寡核苷酸（适体）探针，其自组装在电极上或附近。 该表面限制的寡核苷酸（适体）探针结构在靶的存在下经历杂化诱导的构象变化，其改变可氧化还原部分和电极之间的电子传递距离，从而提供可检测的信号变化。 在替代实施方案中，靶可含有可氧化的部分。