摘要:
An electrical structure. The electrical structure includes a resistor having a length L and an electrical resistance R(t) at a time t; and a laser radiation directed onto a portion of the resistor, wherein the portion of the resistor includes a fraction F of the length L, wherein the laser radiation heats the portion of the resistor such that the electrical resistance R(t) instantaneously changes at a rate dR/dt, and wherein the resistor is coupled to a semiconductor substrate.
摘要:
A method for increasing an electrical resistance of a resistor that is within a semiconductor structure. A fraction of a surface layer of the resistor is oxidized with oxygen particles. In an embodiment, the fraction of the surface layer is heated by a beam of particles, such that the semiconductor structure is within a chamber that includes the oxygen particles as gaseous oxygen-comprising molecules. In an embodiment, the semiconductor structure is immersed in a chemical solution which includes the oxygen particles, wherein the oxygen particles includes oxygen-comprising liquid molecules, oxygen ions, or an oxygen-comprising gas dissolved in the chemical solution under pressurization. In an embodiment, the resistor is tested to determine whether the electrical resistance of the resistor after being oxidized with the oxygen particles is within a tolerance of a predetermined target resistance.
摘要:
A method for increasing an electrical resistance of a resistor, by nitridizing a fraction of a surface layer of the resistor with nitrogen particles. An embodiment comprises heating the fraction of the surface layer by a beam of radiation or particles, such that the resistor is within a chamber that includes the nitrogen-comprising molecules. An embodiment comprises using an anodization circuit to electrolytically generate nitrogen ions in an electrolytic solution in which the resistor is immersed, wherein the nitrogen particles include the electrolytically-generated nitrogen ions. An embodiment comprises immersing the resistor in a chemical solution which includes the nitrogen particles, wherein the nitrogen particles may include nitrogen-comprising liquid molecules, nitrogen ions, or a nitrogen-comprising gas dissolved in the chemical solution under pressurization. An embodiment comprises testing the resistor during a nitridizing step to determine whether the electrical resistance of the resistor is within a tolerance.
摘要:
A system and method in which a high temperature fuel cell stack exhaust stream is recycled back into the fuel inlet stream of the high temperature fuel cell stack. The recycled stream may be sent to a carbon dioxide separation device which separates carbon dioxide from the fuel exhaust stream. The carbon dioxide separation device may be a carbon dioxide trap, an electrochemical carbon dioxide separator, or a membrane separator. A water separator may be used in conjunction with the carbon dioxide separation device or used separately to continuously remove water from the recycled stream.
摘要:
Methods are provided for creating and operating data centers. A data center may include an information technology (IT) load and a fuel cell generator configured to provide power to the IT load.
摘要:
A fuel cell stack module includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks, a base supporting the plurality of fuel cell stacks, and a metal shell located over the base and the fuel cell stacks. The metal shell contains an integrated heat exchanger.
摘要:
A modular fuel cell system includes a base, at least four power modules arranged in a row on the base, and a fuel processing module and power conditioning module arranged on at least one end of the row on the base. Each power module includes a separate cabinet which contains at least one fuel cell stack located in a hot box. The power modules are electrically and fluidly connected to the at least one fuel processing and power conditioning modules through the base.
摘要:
Methods of heat treating at least one component of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system. The method includes heating the at least one component with a rapid thermal process, wherein the rapid thermal process heats at least a portion of the component at a rate of approximately 50° C./sec or more.
摘要:
A fuel cell stack module includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks, a base supporting the plurality of fuel cell stacks, and a metal shell located over the base and the fuel cell stacks. The metal shell contains an integrated heat exchanger.
摘要:
An etch apparatus. The etch apparatus includes a tank coupled to a recirculating path that includes a dissolver. The dissolver includes a porous carbon matrix filter coated with silicon nitride. An etchant from the tank circulates through the recirculating path and performs a selective etching of a structure in the tank in contact with the etchant. The structure includes silicon nitride on a pad layer that includes silicon dioxide. The selective etching is characterized by the silicon nitride on the pad layer being selectively etched by the etchant relative to an etching by the etchant of the silicon dioxide. The etch apparatus further includes: means for dissolving the silicon nitride coated on the filter into the etchant at a controlled dissolution rate sufficient to cause the selective etching; and means for coating the silicon nitride onto the filter to facilitate the selective etching.