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    Method of making a functionally graded material
    1.
    发明授权
    Method of making a functionally graded material 失效
    制作功能分级材料的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06375877B2

    公开(公告)日：2002-04-23

    申请号：US09842375

    申请日：2001-04-24

    申请人： Robert J. Lauf ,  Paul A. Menchhofer ,  Claudia A. Walls ,  Arthur J. Moorhead

    发明人： Robert J. Lauf ,  Paul A. Menchhofer ,  Claudia A. Walls ,  Arthur J. Moorhead

    IPC分类号： B29C6500

    CPC分类号： B28B1/008 ,  B22F7/06 ,  B22F2999/00 ,  B28B1/00 ,  C04B35/117 ,  B22F2207/01 ,  B22F3/22

    摘要： A gelcasting method of making an internally graded article alternatively includes the steps of: preparing a slurry including a least two different phases suspended in a gelcasting solution, the phases characterized by having different settling characteristics; casting the slurry into a mold having a selected shape; allowing the slurry to stand for a sufficient period of time to permit desired gravitational fractionation in order to achieve a vertical compositional gradient in the molded slurry; gelling the slurry to form a solid gel while preserving the vertical compositional gradient in the molded slurry; drying the gel to form a dried green body; and sintering the dry green body to form a solid object, at least one property thereof varying along the vertical direction because of the compositional gradient in the molded slurry.

    摘要翻译： 制备内部分级制品的凝胶浇铸方法交替包括以下步骤：制备包含悬浮在凝胶浇注溶液中的至少两个不同相的浆料，其特征在于具有不同的沉降特性; 将浆料浇注到具有选定形状的模具中; 允许浆料静置足够的时间以允许所需的重力分馏，以便在模制浆料中达到垂直组分梯度; 将浆料胶凝以形成固体凝胶，同时保持模制浆料中的垂直组分梯度; 干燥凝胶以形成干燥的生坯; 并且将干燥的生坯烧结以形成固体物体，由于模制浆料中的组成梯度，其至少一种特性沿垂直方向变化。

    Method and apparatus for making articles from particle based materials
    2.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for making articles from particle based materials 失效
    从颗粒基材料制造制品的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US5476622A

    公开(公告)日：1995-12-19

    申请号：US898914

    申请日：1992-06-12

    申请人： Arthur J. Moorhead ,  Paul A. Menchhofer

    发明人： Arthur J. Moorhead ,  Paul A. Menchhofer

    IPC分类号： B28B3/20 ,  B29C47/88 ,  B30B11/22 ,  C04B35/622 ,  C04B35/64

    CPC分类号： B29C47/8805 ,  B28B3/20 ,  B29C47/0016 ,  B29C47/0019 ,  B29C47/0023 ,  B29C47/0028 ,  B29C47/003 ,  B30B11/22 ,  C04B35/622 ,  B29K2101/10 ,  B29K2503/00

    摘要： A method and apparatus for the production of articles made of a particle-based material; e.g., ceramics and sintered metals. In accordance with the invention, a thermally settable slurry containing a relatively high concentration of the particles is conveyed through an elongate flow area having a desired cross-sectional configuration. The slurry is heated as it is advanced through the flow area causing the slurry to set or harden in a shape which conforms to the cross-sectional configuration of the flow area. The material discharges from the flow area as a self-supporting solid of near net final dimensions. The article may then be sintered to consolidate the particles and provide a high density product.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于生产由颗粒基材料制成的制品的方法和装置; 例如陶瓷和烧结金属。 根据本发明，含有相对高浓度颗粒的热固性浆料通过具有所需横截面构型的细长流动区域输送。 浆料在其通过流动区域前进时被加热，使得浆料固化或硬化成符合流动区​​域的横截面构造的形状。 材料从流动区域排放为近净最终尺寸的自支撑固体。 然后可以将制品烧结以固结颗粒并提供高密度产品。

    Carbon nanotubes grown on bulk materials and methods for fabrication
    4.
    发明授权
    Carbon nanotubes grown on bulk materials and methods for fabrication 有权
    生长在散装材料上的碳纳米管和制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US08052951B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-11-08

    申请号：US12417887

    申请日：2009-04-03

    申请人： Paul A. Menchhofer ,  Frederick C. Montgomery ,  Frederick S. Baker

    发明人： Paul A. Menchhofer ,  Frederick C. Montgomery ,  Frederick S. Baker

    IPC分类号： D01F9/12

    CPC分类号： D01F9/1277 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B32/16 ,  C01B32/162 ,  Y10S977/742 ,  Y10S977/842 ,  Y10T428/30 ,  Y10T428/31678

    摘要： Disclosed are structures formed as bulk support media having carbon nanotubes formed therewith. The bulk support media may comprise fibers or particles and the fibers or particles may be formed from such materials as quartz, carbon, or activated carbon. Metal catalyst species are formed adjacent the surfaces of the bulk support material, and carbon nanotubes are grown adjacent the surfaces of the metal catalyst species. Methods employ metal salt solutions that may comprise iron salts such as iron chloride, aluminum salts such as aluminum chloride, or nickel salts such as nickel chloride. Carbon nanotubes may be separated from the carbon-based bulk support media and the metal catalyst species by using concentrated acids to oxidize the carbon-based bulk support media and the metal catalyst species.

    摘要翻译： 公开了形成为具有由其形成的碳纳米管的本体支撑介质的结构。 本体支撑介质可以包括纤维或颗粒，并且纤维或颗粒可以由诸如石英，碳或活性炭的材料形成。 在本体支撑材料的表面附近形成金属催化剂种类，并且在金属催化剂种类的表面附近生长碳纳米管。 方法采用金属盐溶液，其可以包括铁盐如氯化铁，铝盐如氯化铝，或镍盐如氯化镍。 碳纳米管可以通过使用浓缩酸来氧化碳基本体载体介质和金属催化剂种类而从碳基体积载体介质和金属催化剂种类中分离出来。

    Catalytic Materials for Fabricating Nanostructures
    5.
    发明申请
    Catalytic Materials for Fabricating Nanostructures 审中-公开
    用于制造纳米结构的催化材料

    公开(公告)号：US20100210456A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-08-19

    申请号：US12370885

    申请日：2009-02-13

    申请人： Roland D. Seals ,  Paul A. Menchhofer ,  Jane Y. Howe ,  Wei Wang

    发明人： Roland D. Seals ,  Paul A. Menchhofer ,  Jane Y. Howe ,  Wei Wang

    IPC分类号： B01J21/08

    CPC分类号： B01J35/0013 ,  B01J21/08 ,  B01J23/74 ,  B01J23/745 ,  B01J31/0274 ,  B01J35/006 ,  B01J37/0072 ,  B01J37/033 ,  B01J37/18

    摘要： Nano-catalysts that have utility for forming nanostructures and manufacturing nanomaterials are described. In some embodiments the nano-catalyst is formed from a powder-based substrate material and is some embodiments the nano-catalyst is formed from a solid-based substrate material. In some embodiments the substrate material may include metal, ceramic, or silicon or another metalloid. The nano-catalysts typically have metal nanoparticles disposed adjacent the surface of the substrate material. Methods of forming the nano-catalysts are disclosed. The methods typically include functionalizing the surface of the substrate material with a chelating agent, such as a chemical having dissociated carboxyl functional groups (—COO), that provides an enhanced affinity for metal ions. The functionalized substrate surface may then be exposed to a chemical solution that contains metal ions. The metal ions are then bound to the substrate material and may then be reduced, such as by a stream of gas that includes hydrogen, to form metal nanoparticles adjacent the surface of the substrate.

    摘要翻译： 描述了可用于形成纳米结构和制造纳米材料的纳米催化剂。 在一些实施方案中，纳米催化剂由粉末基底材料形成，并且是一些实施方案，纳米催化剂由固体基底材料形成。 在一些实施例中，衬底材料可以包括金属，陶瓷或硅或另一种准金属。 纳米催化剂通常具有邻近衬底材料的表面设置的金属纳米颗粒。 公开了形成纳米催化剂的方法。 所述方法通常包括用螯合剂（例如具有解离的羧基官能团（-COO）的化学物质）官能化底物材料的表面，其提供对金属离子的增强的亲和力。 然后将官能化的基底表面暴露于含有金属离子的化学溶液。 然后将金属离子结合到衬底材料上，然后可以例如通过包括氢的气体流来还原，以形成邻近衬底表面的金属纳米颗粒。

    Method of producing catalytic materials for fabricating nanostructures
    7.
    发明授权
    Method of producing catalytic materials for fabricating nanostructures 有权
    生产纳米结构催化材料的方法

    公开(公告)号：US08377840B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-02-19

    申请号：US12370892

    申请日：2009-02-13

    申请人： Roland D. Seals ,  Paul A. Menchhofer ,  Jane Y. Howe ,  Wei Wang

    发明人： Roland D. Seals ,  Paul A. Menchhofer ,  Jane Y. Howe ,  Wei Wang

    IPC分类号： B01J21/08 ,  B01J21/06

    CPC分类号： B01J23/755 ,  B01J21/08 ,  B01J23/74 ,  B01J23/745 ,  B01J31/0274 ,  B01J35/0013 ,  B01J37/0072 ,  B01J37/033 ,  B01J37/18 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  Y10S977/773 ,  Y10S977/81 ,  Y10S977/892

    摘要： Methods of fabricating nano-catalysts are described. In some embodiments the nano-catalyst is formed from a powder-based substrate material and is some embodiments the nano-catalyst is formed from a solid-based substrate material. In some embodiments the substrate material may include metal, ceramic, or silicon or another metalloid. The nano-catalysts typically have metal nanoparticles disposed adjacent the surface of the substrate material. The methods typically include functionalizing the surface of the substrate material with a chelating agent, such as a chemical having dissociated carboxyl functional groups (—COO), that provides an enhanced affinity for metal ions. The functionalized substrate surface may then be exposed to a chemical solution that contains metal ions. The metal ions are then bound to the substrate material and may then be reduced, such as by a stream of gas that includes hydrogen, to form metal nanoparticles adjacent the surface of the substrate.

    摘要翻译： 描述了制备纳米催化剂的方法。 在一些实施方案中，纳米催化剂由粉末基底材料形成，并且是一些实施方案，纳米催化剂由固体基底材料形成。 在一些实施例中，衬底材料可以包括金属，陶瓷或硅或另一种准金属。 纳米催化剂通常具有邻近衬底材料的表面设置的金属纳米颗粒。 所述方法通常包括用螯合剂（例如具有解离的羧基官能团（-COO）的化学物质）官能化底物材料的表面，其提供对金属离子的增强的亲和力。 然后将官能化的基底表面暴露于含有金属离子的化学溶液。 然后将金属离子结合到衬底材料上，然后可以例如通过包括氢的气体流来还原，以形成邻近衬底表面的金属纳米颗粒。

    Composite Materials Formed With Anchored Nanostructures
    8.
    发明申请
    Composite Materials Formed With Anchored Nanostructures 有权
    具有锚固纳米结构的复合材料

    公开(公告)号：US20130029836A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-01-31

    申请号：US12704564

    申请日：2010-02-12

    申请人： Roland D. Seals ,  Paul A. Menchhofer ,  Jane Y. Howe ,  Wei Wang

    发明人： Roland D. Seals ,  Paul A. Menchhofer ,  Jane Y. Howe ,  Wei Wang

    IPC分类号： B01J21/18 ,  B01J27/22 ,  B01J23/755

    CPC分类号： B01J23/74 ,  B01J23/745 ,  B01J35/0013 ,  B01J35/006 ,  B01J37/0207 ,  B01J37/0217 ,  B01J37/0221 ,  B01J37/033 ,  B01J37/18 ,  B22F1/025 ,  C22C29/08 ,  Y10S977/742 ,  Y10S977/773 ,  Y10S977/843

    摘要： A method of forming nano-structure composite materials that have a binder material and a nanostructure fiber material is described. A precursor material may be formed using a mixture of at least one metal powder and anchored nanostructure materials. The metal powder mixture may be (a) Ni powder and (b) NiAl powder. The anchored nanostructure materials may comprise (i) NiAl powder as a support material and (ii) carbon nanotubes attached to nanoparticles adjacent to a surface of the support material. The process of forming nano-structure composite materials typically involves sintering the mixture under vacuum in a die. When Ni and NiAl are used in the metal powder mixture Ni3Al may form as the binder material after sintering. The mixture is sintered until it consolidates to form the nano-structure composite material.

    摘要翻译： 描述了形成具有粘合剂材料和纳米结构纤维材料的纳米结构复合材料的方法。 可以使用至少一种金属粉末和锚定的纳米结构材料的混合物形成前体材料。 金属粉末混合物可以是（a）Ni粉末和（b）NiAl粉末。 锚固的纳米结构材料可以包括（i）NiAl粉末作为载体材料，和（ii）附着到与载体材料的表面相邻的纳米颗粒的碳纳米管。 形成纳米结构复合材料的方法通常包括在模具中在真空下烧结该混合物。 当在金属粉末混合物中使用Ni和NiAl时，烧结后可以形成Ni3Al作为粘合剂材料。 将混合物烧结直到其固结形成纳米结构复合材料。

    Carbon Nanotubes Grown on Bulk Materials and Methods for Fabrication
    9.
    发明申请
    Carbon Nanotubes Grown on Bulk Materials and Methods for Fabrication 有权
    散装材料上生长的碳纳米管和制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US20100254885A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-10-07

    申请号：US12417887

    申请日：2009-04-03

    申请人： Paul A. Menchhofer ,  Frederick C. Montgomery ,  Frederick S. Baker

    发明人： Paul A. Menchhofer ,  Frederick C. Montgomery ,  Frederick S. Baker

    IPC分类号： D01F9/127 ,  B32B9/00 ,  B32B17/06 ,  B32B9/04 ,  B32B15/04 ,  C23C16/01

    CPC分类号： D01F9/1277 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B32/16 ,  C01B32/162 ,  Y10S977/742 ,  Y10S977/842 ,  Y10T428/30 ,  Y10T428/31678

    摘要： Disclosed are structures formed as bulk support media having carbon nanotubes formed therewith. The bulk support media may comprise fibers or particles and the fibers or particles may be formed from such materials as quartz, carbon, or activated carbon. Metal catalyst species are formed adjacent the surfaces of the bulk support material, and carbon nanotubes are grown adjacent the surfaces of the metal catalyst species. Methods employ metal salt solutions that may comprise iron salts such as iron chloride, aluminum salts such as aluminum chloride, or nickel salts such as nickel chloride. Carbon nanotubes may be separated from the carbon-based bulk support media and the metal catalyst species by using concentrated acids to oxidize the carbon-based bulk support media and the metal catalyst species.

    摘要翻译： 公开了形成为具有由其形成的碳纳米管的本体支撑介质的结构。 本体支撑介质可以包括纤维或颗粒，并且纤维或颗粒可以由诸如石英，碳或活性炭的材料形成。 在本体支撑材料的表面附近形成金属催化剂种类，并且在金属催化剂种类的表面附近生长碳纳米管。 方法采用金属盐溶液，其可以包括铁盐如氯化铁，铝盐如氯化铝，或镍盐如氯化镍。 碳纳米管可以通过使用浓缩酸来氧化碳基本体载体介质和金属催化剂种类而从碳基本体载体介质和金属催化剂种类分离。