公开(公告)号：US08357239B2

公开(公告)日：2013-01-22

申请号：US13450272

申请日：2012-04-18

申请人： Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

发明人： Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

IPC分类号： C04B18/06

CPC分类号： C04B18/08 ,  C04B18/021 ,  C04B20/1081 ,  C04B40/0039 ,  C04B2111/0075 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  Y10S106/01 ,  C04B20/023 ,  C04B20/04 ,  C04B22/064 ,  C04B22/10 ,  C04B22/0093 ,  C04B22/142 ,  C04B22/06

摘要： A process for treating fly ash to render it highly usable as a concrete additive. A quantity of fly ash is obtained that contains carbon and which is considered unusable fly ash for concrete based upon foam index testing. The fly ash is mixed with a quantity of spray dryer ash (SDA) and water to initiate a geopolymerization reaction and form a geopolymerized fly ash. The geopolymerized fly ash is granulated. The geopolymerized fly ash is considered usable fly ash for concrete according to foam index testing. The geopolymerized fly ash may have a foam index less than 40%, and in some cases less than 20%, of the foam index of the untreated fly ash. An optional alkaline activator may be mixed with the fly ash and SDA to facilitate the geopolymerization reaction. The alkaline activator may contain an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, aluminate, or mixtures thereof.

摘要翻译： 用于处理飞灰以使其高度可用作混凝土添加剂的方法。 根据泡沫指数测试，获得含有碳的粉煤灰，并被认为是混凝土不可用的粉煤灰。 将飞灰与一定数量的喷雾干燥灰（SDA）和水混合以引发地质聚合反应并形成地质聚集的飞灰。 地质化的粉煤灰被造粒。 根据泡沫指数测试，地质聚合飞灰被认为是混凝土的可用粉煤灰。 地质聚集的飞灰可以具有小于未处理飞灰的泡沫指数的泡沫指数小于40％，并且在一些情况下小于20％。 可以将任选的碱性活化剂与飞灰和SDA混合以促进地质聚合反应。 碱性活化剂可以含有碱金属氢氧化物，碳酸盐，硅酸盐，铝酸盐或其混合物。

公开(公告)号：US20120216716A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-30

申请号：US13450286

申请日：2012-04-18

申请人： Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

发明人： Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

IPC分类号： C04B18/06

CPC分类号： C04B18/08 ,  C04B7/243 ,  C04B12/005 ,  C04B14/044 ,  Y02P40/145 ,  Y02P40/165 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  C04B20/023 ,  C04B20/04

摘要： A process for treating fly ash to render it highly usable as a concrete additive. A quantity of fly ash is obtained that contains carbon and which is considered unusable fly ash for concrete based upon foam index testing. The fly ash is mixed with an activator solution sufficient to initiate a geopolymerization reaction and for a geopolymerized fly ash. The geopolymerized fly ash is granulated. The geopolymerized fly ash is considered usable fly ash for concrete according to foam index testing. The geopolymerized fly ash may have a foam index less than 35% of the foam index of the untreated fly ash, and in some cases less than 10% of the foam index of the untreated fly ash. The activator solution may contain an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, aluminate, or mixtures thereof.

摘要翻译： 用于处理飞灰以使其高度可用作混凝土添加剂的方法。 根据泡沫指数测试，获得含有碳的粉煤灰，并被认为是混凝土不可用的粉煤灰。 将粉煤灰与足以引发地质聚合反应的活化剂溶液和用于地质聚合的飞灰混合。 地质化的粉煤灰被造粒。 根据泡沫指数测试，地质聚合飞灰被认为是混凝土的可用粉煤灰。 地质聚合的飞灰可以具有小于未处理飞灰的泡沫指数的35％的泡沫指数，并且在一些情况下小于未处理的飞灰的泡沫指数的10％。 活化剂溶液可以含有碱金属氢氧化物，碳酸盐，硅酸盐，铝酸盐或其混合物。

公开(公告)号：US20120216715A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-30

申请号：US13450272

申请日：2012-04-18

申请人： Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

发明人： Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

IPC分类号： C04B18/06

CPC分类号： C04B18/08 ,  C04B18/021 ,  C04B20/1081 ,  C04B40/0039 ,  C04B2111/0075 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  Y10S106/01 ,  C04B20/023 ,  C04B20/04 ,  C04B22/064 ,  C04B22/10 ,  C04B22/0093 ,  C04B22/142 ,  C04B22/06

摘要： A process for treating fly ash to render it highly usable as a concrete additive. A quantity of fly ash is obtained that contains carbon and which is considered unusable fly ash for concrete based upon foam index testing. The fly ash is mixed with a quantity of spray dryer ash (SDA) and water to initiate a geopolymerization reaction and form a geopolymerized fly ash. The geopolymerized fly ash is granulated. The geopolymerized fly ash is considered usable fly ash for concrete according to foam index testing. The geopolymerized fly ash may have a foam index less than 40%, and in some cases less than 20%, of the foam index of the untreated fly ash. An optional alkaline activator may be mixed with the fly ash and SDA to facilitate the geopolymerization reaction. The alkaline activator may contain an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, aluminate, or mixtures thereof.

摘要翻译： 用于处理飞灰以使其高度可用作混凝土添加剂的方法。 根据泡沫指数测试，获得含有碳的粉煤灰，并被认为是混凝土不可用的粉煤灰。 将飞灰与一定数量的喷雾干燥灰（SDA）和水混合以引发地质聚合反应并形成地质聚集的飞灰。 地质化的粉煤灰被造粒。 根据泡沫指数测试，地质聚合飞灰被认为是混凝土的可用粉煤灰。 地质聚集的飞灰可以具有小于未处理飞灰的泡沫指数的泡沫指数小于40％，并且在一些情况下小于20％。 可以将任选的碱性活化剂与飞灰和SDA混合以促进地质聚合反应。 碱性活化剂可以含有碱金属氢氧化物，碳酸盐，硅酸盐，铝酸盐或其混合物。

公开(公告)号：US08349071B2

公开(公告)日：2013-01-08

申请号：US13450286

申请日：2012-04-18

申请人： Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

发明人： Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

IPC分类号： C04B18/06

CPC分类号： C04B18/08 ,  C04B7/243 ,  C04B12/005 ,  C04B14/044 ,  Y02P40/145 ,  Y02P40/165 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  C04B20/023 ,  C04B20/04

摘要： A process for treating fly ash to render it highly usable as a concrete additive. A quantity of fly ash is obtained that contains carbon and which is considered unusable fly ash for concrete based upon foam index testing. The fly ash is mixed with an activator solution sufficient to initiate a geopolymerization reaction and for a geopolymerized fly ash. The geopolymerized fly ash is granulated. The geopolymerized fly ash is considered usable fly ash for concrete according to foam index testing. The geopolymerized fly ash may have a foam index less than 35% of the foam index of the untreated fly ash, and in some cases less than 10% of the foam index of the untreated fly ash. The activator solution may contain an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, aluminate, or mixtures thereof.

摘要翻译： 用于处理飞灰以使其高度可用作混凝土添加剂的方法。 根据泡沫指数测试，获得含有碳的粉煤灰，并被认为是混凝土不可用的粉煤灰。 将粉煤灰与足以引发地质聚合反应的活化剂溶液和用于地质聚合的飞灰混合。 地质化的粉煤灰被造粒。 根据泡沫指数测试，地质聚合飞灰被认为是混凝土的可用粉煤灰。 地质聚合的飞灰可以具有小于未处理飞灰的泡沫指数的35％的泡沫指数，并且在一些情况下小于未处理的飞灰的泡沫指数的10％。 活化剂溶液可以含有碱金属氢氧化物，碳酸盐，硅酸盐，铝酸盐或其混合物。

公开(公告)号：US08172940B2

公开(公告)日：2012-05-08

申请号：US11776892

申请日：2007-07-12

申请人： Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

发明人： Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

IPC分类号： C04B18/06 ,  C04B18/08

CPC分类号： C04B18/08 ,  C04B7/243 ,  C04B12/005 ,  C04B14/044 ,  Y02P40/145 ,  Y02P40/165 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  C04B20/023 ,  C04B20/04

摘要： A process for treating fly ash to render it highly usable as a concrete additive. A quantity of fly ash is obtained that contains carbon and which is considered unusable fly ash for concrete based upon foam index testing. The fly ash is mixed with an activator solution sufficient to initiate a geopolymerization reaction and for a geopolymerized fly ash. The geopolymerized fly ash is granulated. The geopolymerized fly ash is considered usable fly ash for concrete according to foam index testing. The geopolymerized fly ash may have a foam index less than 35% of the foam index of the untreated fly ash, and in some cases less than 10% of the foam index of the untreated fly ash. The activator solution may contain an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, aluminate, or mixtures thereof.

摘要翻译： 用于处理飞灰以使其高度可用作混凝土添加剂的方法。 根据泡沫指数测试，获得含有碳的粉煤灰，并被认为是混凝土不可用的粉煤灰。 将粉煤灰与足以引发地质聚合反应的活化剂溶液和用于地质聚合的飞灰混合。 地质化的粉煤灰被造粒。 根据泡沫指数测试，地质聚合飞灰被认为是混凝土的可用粉煤灰。 地质聚合的飞灰可以具有小于未处理飞灰的泡沫指数的35％的泡沫指数，并且在一些情况下小于未处理飞灰的泡沫指数的10％。 活化剂溶液可以含有碱金属氢氧化物，碳酸盐，硅酸盐，铝酸盐或其混合物。

公开(公告)号：US20090013907A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-15

申请号：US11776892

申请日：2007-07-12

申请人： Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

发明人： Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

IPC分类号： C04B18/06

CPC分类号： C04B18/08 ,  C04B7/243 ,  C04B12/005 ,  C04B14/044 ,  Y02P40/145 ,  Y02P40/165 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  C04B20/023 ,  C04B20/04

摘要： A process for treating fly ash to render it highly usable as a concrete additive. A quantity of fly ash is obtained that contains carbon and which is considered unusable fly ash for concrete based upon foam index testing. The fly ash is mixed with an activator solution sufficient to initiate a geopolymerization reaction and for a geopolymerized fly ash. The geopolymerized fly ash is granulated. The geopolymerized fly ash is considered usable fly ash for concrete according to foam index testing. The geopolymerized fly ash may have a foam index less than 35% of the foam index of the untreated fly ash, and in some cases less than 10% of the foam index of the untreated fly ash. The activator solution may contain an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, aluminate, or mixtures thereof.

摘要翻译： 用于处理飞灰以使其高度可用作混凝土添加剂的方法。 根据泡沫指数测试，获得含有碳的粉煤灰，并被认为是混凝土不可用的粉煤灰。 将粉煤灰与足以引发地质聚合反应的活化剂溶液和用于地质聚合的飞灰混合。 地质化的粉煤灰被造粒。 根据泡沫指数测试，地质聚合飞灰被认为是混凝土的可用粉煤灰。 地质聚合的飞灰可以具有小于未处理飞灰的泡沫指数的35％的泡沫指数，并且在一些情况下小于未处理飞灰的泡沫指数的10％。 活化剂溶液可以含有碱金属氢氧化物，碳酸盐，硅酸盐，铝酸盐或其混合物。

公开(公告)号：US20120219833A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-30

申请号：US13290716

申请日：2011-11-07

申请人： W. Grover Coors ,  Chett Boxley ,  Mathew Robins ,  Alexis Eccleston

发明人： W. Grover Coors ,  Chett Boxley ,  Mathew Robins ,  Alexis Eccleston

IPC分类号： H01M10/02 ,  H01M10/42

CPC分类号： H01M10/39 ,  H01B1/122 ,  H01M4/32 ,  H01M4/362 ,  H01M4/381 ,  H01M4/48 ,  H01M4/52 ,  H01M10/054 ,  H01M10/0562 ,  H01M10/38 ,  H01M10/3918 ,  H01M2300/002 ,  H01M2300/0094

摘要： The present invention provides a molten sodium secondary cell. In some cases, the secondary cell includes a sodium metal negative electrode, a positive electrode compartment that includes a positive electrode disposed in a liquid positive electrode solution, and a sodium ion conductive electrolyte membrane that separates the negative electrode from the positive electrode solution. In such cases, the electrolyte membrane can comprise any suitable material, including, without limitation, a NaSICON-type membrane. Furthermore, in such cases, the liquid positive electrode solution can comprise any suitable positive electrode solution, including, but not limited to, an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Generally, when the cell functions, the sodium negative electrode is molten and in contact with the electrolyte membrane. Additionally, the cell is functional at an operating temperature between about 100° C. and about 170° C. Indeed, in some instances, the molten sodium secondary cell is functional between about 110° C. and about 130° C.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种熔融钠二次电池。 在一些情况下，二次电池包括钠金属负极，包括设置在液体正极溶液中的正极的正电极室和将负极与正极溶液分离的钠离子导电电解质膜。 在这种情况下，电解质膜可以包括任何合适的材料，包括但不限于NaSICON型膜。 此外，在这种情况下，液体正极溶液可以包括任何合适的正极溶液，包括但不限于氢氧化钠水溶液。 通常，当电池发挥功能时，钠负极熔融并与电解质膜接触。 此外，电池在约100℃至约170℃的工作温度下起作用。实际上，在一些情况下，熔融钠二次电池在约110℃至约130℃之间起作用。

公开(公告)号：US20110104526A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-05

申请号：US12940864

申请日：2010-11-05

申请人： Chett Boxley ,  W. Grover Coors ,  John Joseph Watkins

发明人： Chett Boxley ,  W. Grover Coors ,  John Joseph Watkins

IPC分类号： H01M2/00 ,  H01M10/02

CPC分类号： H01M10/0569 ,  H01M2/1646 ,  H01M4/38 ,  H01M4/381 ,  H01M4/40 ,  H01M4/52 ,  H01M10/05 ,  H01M10/054 ,  H01M10/056 ,  H01M10/0562 ,  H01M10/0567 ,  H01M10/30 ,  H01M10/3909 ,  H01M10/3918 ,  H01M2300/0028 ,  H01M2300/0045 ,  H01M2300/0071 ,  Y02E60/12

摘要： The present invention provides a solid-state sodium-based secondary cell (or rechargeable battery). While the secondary cell can include any suitable component, in some cases, the secondary cell comprises a solid sodium metal negative electrode that is disposed in a non-aqueous negative electrolyte solution that includes an ionic liquid. Additionally, the cell comprises a positive electrode that is disposed in a positive electrolyte solution. In order to separate the negative electrode and the negative electrolyte solution from the positive electrolyte solution, the cell includes a sodium ion conductive electrolyte membrane. Because the cell's negative electrode is in a solid state as the cell functions, the cell may operate at room temperature. Additionally, where the negative electrolyte solution contains the ionic liquid, the ionic liquid may impede dendrite formation on the surface of the negative electrode as the cell is recharged and sodium ions are reduced onto the negative electrode.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种固态钠基二次电池（或可再充电电池）。 虽然二次电池可以包括任何合适的组分，但在一些情况下，二次电池包括固体钠金属负极，其设置在包含离子液体的非水性负电解质溶液中。 此外，电池包括设置在正电解质溶液中的正电极。 为了将负极和负极电解质溶液与正极电解质溶液分离，电池包括钠离子传导性电解质膜。 因为电池的负极在电池起作用时处于固态，电池可以在室温下运行。 此外，当负电解质溶液含有离子液体时，当电池被再充电并且钠离子被还原到负极上时，离子液体可能阻碍负极表面上的枝晶形成。

公开(公告)号：US20100058957A1

公开(公告)日：2010-03-11

申请号：US12553270

申请日：2009-09-03

申请人： Chett Boxley

发明人： Chett Boxley

IPC分类号： C04B18/06

CPC分类号： C04B28/006 ,  C04B2111/00284 ,  Y02P40/165 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  Y02W30/95 ,  Y10S106/01 ,  C04B14/303 ,  C04B14/305 ,  C04B16/06 ,  C04B18/06 ,  C04B18/067 ,  C04B18/08 ,  C04B18/101 ,  C04B18/16 ,  C04B20/008 ,  C04B22/062 ,  C04B22/064 ,  C04B22/066 ,  C04B22/068 ,  C04B22/10

摘要： A process for making a pervious concrete comprising a geopolymerized pozzolanic ash. Generally, the process includes mixing a solid aggregate and a geopolymerized pozzolanic ash binder together to form a pervious concrete mixture. Some examples of suitable aggregates comprise recycled carpet, recycled cement, and aggregates of coal-combustion byproducts. The geopolymerized pozzolanic ash binder is made by combining a pozzolanic ash, such as fly ash, with a sufficient amount of an alkaline activator and water to initiate a geopolymerization reaction. The activator solution may contain an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, aluminate, or mixtures thereof. In some aspects, the final concrete forms a solid mass in the form of pavement or a pre-cast concrete shape. The solid mass of concrete may have a void content of between about 5% and about 35%.

摘要翻译： 一种制造含有地质聚合火山灰的透水混凝土的方法。 通常，该方法包括将固体骨料和地质聚合火山灰灰粘合剂混合在一起以形成透水混凝土混合物。 合适聚集体的一些实例包括再循环地毯，再循环水泥和煤燃烧副产物的聚集体。 地质聚合火山灰灰粘结剂通过将火山灰灰如粉煤灰与足够量的碱性活化剂和水组合以引发地质聚合反应而制备。 活化剂溶液可以含有碱金属氢氧化物，碳酸盐，硅酸盐，铝酸盐或其混合物。 在一些方面，最终的混凝土形成路面或预制混凝土形状的固体物质。 混凝土的固体质量可以具有约5％至约35％之间的空隙含量。

公开(公告)号：US08251016B2

公开(公告)日：2012-08-28

申请号：US12881994

申请日：2010-09-14

申请人： Chett Boxley ,  Jessica McKelvie

发明人： Chett Boxley ,  Jessica McKelvie

IPC分类号： A01K1/015

CPC分类号： A01K1/0154 ,  A01K1/0155

摘要： An animal litter composition including geopolymerized ash particulates having a network of repeating aluminum-silicon units is described herein. Generally, the animal litter is made from a quantity of a pozzolanic ash mixed with a sufficient quantity of water and an alkaline activator to initiate a geopolymerization reaction that forms geopolymerized ash. After the geopolymerized ash is formed, it is dried, broken into particulates, and sieved to a desired size. These geopolymerized ash particulates are used to make a non-clumping or clumping animal litter. Odor control is accomplished with the addition of a urease inhibitor, pH buffer, an odor eliminating agent, and/or fragrance.

摘要翻译： 本文描述了包含具有重复的铝 - 硅单元网络的地质聚集的灰分颗粒的动物垃圾组合物。 通常，动物垃圾由一定数量的与足够量的水和碱性活化剂混合的火山灰制成，以引发形成地质聚集灰的地质聚合反应。 在形成地质聚合灰之后，将其干燥，破碎成颗粒，并过筛至所需尺寸。 这些地质聚集的灰尘颗粒用于制造非结块或结块的动物垃圾。 通过添加脲酶抑制剂，pH缓冲剂，除臭剂和/或香料来实现气味控制。