摘要:
A level shifter including a level shifter module configured to i) receive an input signal, wherein the input signal varies between a first level and a second level, ii) receive a first voltage supply signal and a second voltage supply signal, and iii) generate a latch control signal based on the input signal and one of the first voltage supply signal and the second voltage supply signal. The level shifter further includes a latch module configured to i) receive the latch control signal, ii) receive the second voltage supply signal and a third voltage supply signal, and iii) generate an output signal based on the latch control signal and one of the second voltage supply signal and the third voltage supply signal.
摘要:
Memory cells and arrays have reduced bit line resistance. An element conductor is disposed on the top of the bit line to reduce the resistance of the bit line while maintaining a shallow bit line junction so that 200 Ohm/square or lower sheet resistances are achieved with the bit line junctions typically 20 nanometers or shallower while the doping levels in the junctions are below about 5×1019 atoms/cm3.
摘要:
Nonvolatile memory cells and array are provided. The memory cell comprises a body, a source, a drain, and a charge storage region. The body comprises an n-type conductivity and is formed in a well of the n-type conductivity. The source and the drain have p-type conductivity and are formed in the well with a channel of the body defined therebetween. The charge storage region is disposed over and insulated from the channel by a channel insulator. Each cell further comprises a bias setting having a source voltage applied to the source, a well voltage applied to the well, and a drain voltage applied to the drain. A bias configuration for an erase operation of the memory cell is further provided, wherein the source voltage is sufficiently more negative with respect to the well voltage and is sufficiently more positive with respect to the drain voltage to inject hot holes onto the charge storage region. The cells can be arranged in row and column to form memory arrays and memory device.
摘要:
A nonvolatile memory cell is provided. The memory cell comprises a storage transistor and an injector in a semiconductor substrate of a p-type conductivity. The injector comprises a first region of the p-type conductivity and a second region of an n-type conductivity. The storage transistor comprises a source, a drain, a channel, a charge storage region, and a control gate. The source and the drain have the p-type conductivity and are formed in a well of the n-type conductivity in the substrate with the channel of the well defined therebetween. The charge storage region is disposed over and insulated from the channel by a first insulator. The control gate is disposed over and insulated from the charge storage region by a second insulator. Further provided are methods operating the memory cell, including means for injecting electrons from the channel through the first insulator onto the charge storage region and means for injecting holes from the injector through the well through the channel through the first insulator onto the charge storage region.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus on charges injection using piezo-ballistic-charges injection mechanism are provided for semiconductor device and nonvolatile memory device. The device comprises a strain source, an injection filter, a first conductive region, a second conductive region, and a third conductive region. The strain source permits piezo-effect in ballistic charges transport to enable the piezo-ballistic-charges injection mechanism in device operations. The injection filter permits transporting of charge carriers of one polarity type from the first conductive region, through the filter, and through the second conductive region to the third conductive region while blocking the transport of charge carriers of an opposite polarity from the second conductive region to the first conductive region. The present invention further provides an energy band engineering method permitting the devices be operated without suffering from disturbs, from dielectric breakdown, from impact ionization, and from undesirable RC effects.
摘要:
Nonvolatile memory cells having a conductor-filter system, a conductor-insulator system, and a charge-injection system are provided. The conductor-filter system provides band-pass filtering function, charge-filtering function, and mass-filtering function to charge-carriers flows. The conductor-insulator system provides Image-Force barrier lowering effect to collect charge-carriers. The charge-injection system includes the conductor-filter system and the conductor-insulator system, wherein the filter of the conductor-filter system contacts the conductor of the conductor-insulator system. Apparatus on cell architecture are provided for the nonvolatile memory cells. Additionally, apparatus on array architectures are provided for constructing the nonvolatile memory cells in memory array. Method on manufacturing such memory cells and array architectures are provided.
摘要:
Method and apparatus on charges injection using piezo-ballistic-charges injection mechanism are provided for nonvolatile memory device. The device has a strain source, an injection filter, a tunneling gate, a ballistic gate, a charge storage region, a source, and a drain with a channel defined between the source and drain. The strain source permits piezo-effect in ballistic charges transport to enable the piezo-ballistic-charges injection mechanism. The injection filter permits transporting of charge carriers of one polarity type from the tunneling gate through the blocking material and the ballistic gate to the charge storage region while blocking the transport of charge carriers of an opposite polarity from the ballistic gate to the tunneling gate. The present invention further provides an energy band engineering method permitting the memory device be operated without suffering from disturbs, from dielectric breakdown, from impact ionization, and from undesirable RC effects.
摘要:
A system for tracking elements employing fixed tags that are permanently attached internally or externally to elements. The tags include radio-frequency (RF) communication units that have wireless communication with RF communicators. The wireless communications between the RF tags and the RF communicators operate with a tag communication protocol that defines the operations and sequences for storing information into and retrieval of information from tags. Each communicator has a processor for controlling a security routine with the tag. Each tag has a tag memory having storage locations for storing security information, a controller for accessing the tag memory to access security information in response to the security routine and an I/O unit for electronic communication with the controller and for RF communication with the communicator.
摘要:
Method and apparatus on charges injection using piezo-ballistic-charges injection mechanism are provided for nonvolatile memory device. The device has a strain source, an injection filter, a tunneling gate, a ballistic gate, a charge storage region, a source, and a drain with a channel defined between the source and drain. The strain source permits piezo-effect in ballistic charges transport to enable the piezo-ballistic-charges injection mechanism. The injection filter permits transporting of charge carriers of one polarity type from the tunneling gate through the blocking material and the ballistic gate to the charge storage region while blocking the transport of charge carriers of an opposite polarity from the ballistic gate to the tunneling gate. The present invention further provides an energy band engineering method permitting the memory device be operated without suffering from disturbs, from dielectric breakdown, from impact ionization, and from undesirable RC effects.
摘要:
In one embodiment, a structure includes a semiconductor chip including a communication element for performing a wireless communication function where the communication element has a communication core occupying a region of the semiconductor chip, a plurality of chip pads with two of the chip pads electrically connected to the communication core; a chip carrier for carrying the semiconductor chip where the chip carrier includes a plurality of carrier pads with two of the carrier pads connected to the two chip pads; and an antenna connected to the carrier pads and electrically connected to the chip pads and to the communication core.