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公开(公告)号：US5959749A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-28
申请号：US81666
申请日：1997-05-20
申请人： David John Danagher , Alan G. Solheim , Maurice S. O'Sullivan , Richard A. Habel , Kim Byron Roberts , Duncan John Forbes , Nigel Baker , Ian Hardcastle , Takis Hadjifotiou , Bipin Patel , Giuseppe Bordogna , James St. Leger Harley
发明人： David John Danagher , Alan G. Solheim , Maurice S. O'Sullivan , Richard A. Habel , Kim Byron Roberts , Duncan John Forbes , Nigel Baker , Ian Hardcastle , Takis Hadjifotiou , Bipin Patel , Giuseppe Bordogna , James St. Leger Harley
CPC分类号： H04J14/0221 , H04J14/0212 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0016 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0039 , H04Q2011/0069
摘要： An add/drop multiplexer/demultiplexer (ADM) for switching, modulating and attenuating optical signals in a fiber optic network employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is disclosed. The ADM is equipped an optical multiplexer for splitting an input WDM signal into individual optical signals, leading to respective 2.times.2 switches. Each switch has another input originating from a plurality of "add lines", and selects one of its inputs to be dropped and the other to continue along a main signal path. The retained signals may be modulated and attenuated prior to being tapped and finally multiplexed together by a WDM multiplexer. The tapped signals are optoelectronically converted and fed back to a controller, preferably a digital signal processor running a software algorithm, which controls the switching, modulation and attenuation. This permits remote control of the ADM functions by encoding instructions for the controller into a low-frequency dither signal that is embedded within the individual optical signals. The ADM can accordingly be instructed to reroute traffic, dynamically equalize or otherwise change optical channel power levels, and add or remove dither, all in real time. A specific optical channel may be reserved for control purposes, allowing a network administrator to "log in" to the ADM to override the controller software algorithm. Optionally, the optical signals can be tapped upon entry to the ADM. A bidirectional ADM can be constructed from two unidirectional ADMs, and may share the same controller. Also, a single, general multi-input multi-output switch can be used to provide an arbitrary mapping between individual input and output optical signals.
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公开(公告)号：US06101012A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-08
申请号：US343414
申请日：1999-06-30
申请人： David John Danagher , Alan G. Solheim , Maurice S. O'Sullivan , Richard A. Habel , Kim Byron Roberts , Duncan John Forbes , Nigel Baker , Ian Hardcastle , Takis Hadjifotiou , Bipin Patel , Giuseppe Bordogna , James St. Leger Harley
发明人： David John Danagher , Alan G. Solheim , Maurice S. O'Sullivan , Richard A. Habel , Kim Byron Roberts , Duncan John Forbes , Nigel Baker , Ian Hardcastle , Takis Hadjifotiou , Bipin Patel , Giuseppe Bordogna , James St. Leger Harley
CPC分类号： H04J14/0221 , H04J14/0212 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0016 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0039 , H04Q2011/0069
摘要： An add/drop multiplexer/demultiplexer (ADM) for switching, modulating and attenuating optical signals in a fiber optic network employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is disclosed. The ADM is equipped an optical multiplexer for splitting an input WDM signal into individual optical signals, leading to respective 2.times.2 switches. Each switch has another input originating from a plurality of "add lines", and selects one of its inputs to be dropped and the other to continue along a main signal path. The retained signals may be modulated and attenuated prior to being tapped and finally multiplexed together by a WDM multiplexer. The tapped signals are optoelectronically converted and fed back to a controller, preferably a digital signal processor running a software algorithm, which controls the switching, modulation and attenuation. This permits remote control of the ADM functions by encoding instructions for the controller into a low-frequency dither signal that is embedded within the individual optical signals. The ADM can accordingly be instructed to reroute traffic, dynamically equalize or otherwise change optical channel power levels, and add or remove dither, all in real time. A specific optical channel may be reserved for control purposes, allowing a network administrator to "log in" to the ADM to override the controller software algorithm. Optionally, the optical signals can be tapped upon entry to the ADM. A bidirectional ADM can be constructed from two unidirectional ADMs, and may share the same controller. Also, a single, general multi-input multi-output switch can be used to provide an arbitrary mapping between individual input and output optical signals.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在采用波分复用（WDM）的光纤网络中切换，调制和衰减光信号的分插复用器/解复用器（ADM）。 ADM装备有一个光信号多路复用器，用于将输入的WDM信号分离成各自的光信号，从而产生各自的2x2开关。 每个开关具有源自多个“相加线”的另一个输入，并且选择其一个输入被丢弃，另一个输入沿主信号路径继续。 保留的信号可以在被抽头之前被调制和衰减，并且最终由WDM多路复用器多路复用在一起。 抽头信号被光电转换并反馈到控制器，优选地是运行软件算法的数字信号处理器，其控制开关，调制和衰减。 这允许通过将控制器的指令编码成嵌入各个光信号内的低频抖动信号来远程控制ADM功能。 因此可以指示ADM重新路由业务，动态均衡或以其他方式改变光信道功率级别，并且实时地添加或去除抖动。 可以保留特定的光通道用于控制目的，允许网络管理员“登录”到ADM以覆盖控制器软件算法。 可选地，可以在进入ADM时轻拍光信号。 双向ADM可以由两个单向ADM构建，并且可以共享相同的控制器。 此外，单个一般的多输入多输出开关可用于提供各个输入和输出光信号之间的任意映射。
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公开(公告)号：US06323978B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-27
申请号：US09055360
申请日：1998-04-06
IPC分类号： H04B1002
CPC分类号： H04L5/04
摘要： A method and apparatus for embedding control information in an optical signal transporting optical data, consisting of encoding the control information as a control signal having an amplitude proportional to a controllable modulation depth. The optical signal is then optically modulated in accordance with the amplitude of the control signal. The control signal is subsequently detected and the control information is decoded. A major feature of the invention lies in determining a level of similarity between the encoded and decoded control information and varying the modulation depth according to this level of similarity. Hence, the modulation depth yielding a given bit-error rate (BER) or signal-to-noise ration (SNR) can be minimized, in order to reduce the degradation of the optical channel data. The invention also provides a means for modulating the control information about a carrier frequency, and varying this carrier frequency if the SNR is below a certain tolerance value. This is useful in countering the periodic interference spectrum of framed data signals, which may be unknown or time-varying. Furthermore, the bit rate of the control signal can be adjusted to carry a required amount of information, so as to meet the system's evolving control requirements.
摘要翻译： 一种用于将控制信息嵌入光信号传输光数据中的方法和装置，包括将控制信息编码为具有与可控调制深度成正比的幅度的控制信号。 光信号然后根据控制信号的幅度进行光学调制。 随后检测控制信号，解码控制信息。 本发明的主要特征在于确定编码和解码的控制信息之间的相似度水平，并根据这种相似程度改变调制深度。 因此，为了减少光通道数据的劣化，可以使产生给定误码率（BER）或信噪比（SNR）的调制深度最小化。 本发明还提供了一种用于调制关于载波频率的控制信息的装置，并且如果SNR低于某一公差值则改变该载波频率。 这对于反对帧数据信号的周期性干扰谱是有用的，其可能是未知的或随时间变化的。 此外，控制信号的比特率可以调整以承载所需的信息量，以满足系统不断发展的控制要求。
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公开(公告)号：US5822094A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-13
申请号：US924095
申请日：1997-09-05
申请人： Maurice Stephen O'Sullivan , Kim Bryon Roberts , James St. Leger Harley , Jeffrey Alan Weslowski
发明人： Maurice Stephen O'Sullivan , Kim Bryon Roberts , James St. Leger Harley , Jeffrey Alan Weslowski
CPC分类号： H04B10/291 , H04B10/0771 , H04B10/0777 , H04B2210/075
摘要： In an apparatus and method for troubleshooting a transmission system comprising optical line amplifiers (OA), optical reflections can be detected irrespective if a data signal is present or absent. Each OA is equipped with a self-stimulation signal detection unit for generating a low frequency local code unique to the transmission system and dithering the outgoing signal in a controlled manner with the local code. Each OA attempts to detect its local code in the incoming signal by comparing the energy of the transmitted and received dithers. The presence of the local code in the incoming signal initiates alarms which unequivocally identify the faulted OA. Each OA selects its local code out of a bank of local codes, according to a priority scheme and re-selects its local code in case of conflicts.
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公开(公告)号：US11277206B1
公开(公告)日：2022-03-15
申请号：US17018495
申请日：2020-09-11
IPC分类号： H04B10/00 , H04B10/61 , H04B10/516 , H04L27/36 , H04L27/34 , H04B10/532
摘要： A transmitter maps an N-bit sequence to a point selected from a four-dimensional (4D) constellation consisting of 2N points which form a subset of a Cartesian product of first and second two-dimensional (2D) constellations, the first constellation consisting of M1 points divided into first, second, and third points, and the second constellation consisting of M2 points divided into fourth, fifth, and sixth points, wherein M1, M2≥5, and wherein log2(M1×M2)>N. The subset includes any 4D point that is generated by combining any one of the M1 points and any one of the fourth points; includes any 4D point that is generated by combining any one of the first points and any one of M2 points; and excludes any 4D point that is generated by combining any third point and any sixth point. An optical signal representing the selected point is transmitted to a receiver.
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公开(公告)号：US11637638B2
公开(公告)日：2023-04-25
申请号：US17543915
申请日：2021-12-07
摘要： A method at a receiver comprises receiving a signal conveying symbols at respective positions within a clock cycle, the symbols comprising a data set consisting of data symbols and a pilot set consisting of pilot symbols; determining detected phases of the symbols based on the signal; generating first phase estimates based on the detected phases of a subset of the pilot set, and reference phases of the subset of the pilot set, the first phase estimates being associated with the positions of the pilot set; and generating second phase estimates based on the detected phases of the pilot set, reference phases of the pilot set, and the first phase estimates, the second phase estimates being associated with the positions of the pilot set and of at least a subset of the data set; and applying rotations to the detected phases of the symbols based on the second phase estimates.
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公开(公告)号：US11451367B1
公开(公告)日：2022-09-20
申请号：US17484532
申请日：2021-09-24
摘要： A receiver generates a stream of digital samples from an analog electrical signal that represents data conveyed to the receiver over a communication channel, where the stream of digital samples comprises current samples corresponding to a current timepoint, previous samples corresponding to a timepoint earlier than the current timepoint, and subsequent samples corresponding to a timepoint later than the current timepoint. The receiver generates previous, current, and subsequent phase offset signals based on the previous, current, and subsequent samples, respectively. The receiver uses the previous phase offset signal to adjust clock frequency and clock phase of the current samples, thereby resulting in current adjusted samples. The receiver adjusts clock phase of the current adjusted samples based on any one of the previous, current, and subsequent phase offset signals. In some examples, receiver adjusts the clock phase of the current adjusted samples based on the subsequent phase offset signal.
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公开(公告)号：US11336367B1
公开(公告)日：2022-05-17
申请号：US17460437
申请日：2021-08-30
IPC分类号： H04B10/075 , H04B10/2507
摘要： A method performed at a transmitter comprises generating a set of digital signals representing a constellation point, each dimension of the point being uniquely represented by m bits, where mϵ{1, 2, 3}; applying a linear polyphase filter to a digital signal of the set, the linear polyphase filter pre-compensating for a linear transfer function of an electro-optic path of the digital signal and generating a first filtered signal having a roll-off factor α, where α is a positive real number satisfying α≤1; applying a nonlinear polyphase filter to the digital signal, in parallel to applying the linear polyphase filter to the digital signal, the nonlinear polyphase filter generating a second filtered signal representing nonlinear noise in the electro-optic path; calculating a pre-compensated digital signal from a difference between the first and second filtered signals; and transmitting an optical signal based on the pre-compensated digital signal.
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9.发明授权Method and apparatus for ancillary data in a wavelength division multiplexed system 有权波分复用系统中辅助数据的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06574016B1
公开(公告)日：2003-06-03
申请号：US09199327
申请日：1998-11-25
IPC分类号： H04T1402
CPC分类号： H04J14/0298 , H04J14/0258 , H04J14/0273 , H04J14/0276
摘要： This invention provides method and apparatus for ancillary data in a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system. According to the invention, a low bit rate channel is provided over a amplitude modulated sub-carrier that is in turn used to amplitude intensity modulate an optical data signal that is output from a transmitter in the network. Data carried by the low bit rate channel can by used by another network element (NE) to determine the identity of the channel source, thereby allowing the NE to verify its connectivity to that source via the network. This invention is particularly useful in metropolitan optical networks (MON) where inexpensive methods of determining network connectivity are required.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种波分复用（WDM）系统中辅助数据的方法和装置。 根据本发明，一个低比特率信道被提供在一个幅度调制子载波上，该调制子载波又被用来调制从网络中的发射机输出的光数据信号的幅度强度。 低比特率信道携带的数据可以由另一个网元（NE）使用，以确定信道源的身份，从而允许网络通过网络验证其与该源的连接。 本发明在需要廉价的确定网络连接的方法的城市光网络（MON）中特别有用。
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