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公开(公告)号：US08958666B2
公开(公告)日：2015-02-17
申请号：US11649337
申请日：2007-01-03
申请人： David O. Caplan , Walid A. Atia
发明人： David O. Caplan , Walid A. Atia
IPC分类号： G02B6/12 , H04B10/2513 , H04B10/50 , H04B10/508 , G02B6/36
CPC分类号： H04B10/25137 , H04B10/505 , H04B10/5051 , H04B10/508
摘要： A system includes an optical transmitter that outputs an optical signal having a substantially Gaussian waveform and an optical receiver that is optically coupled to the optical transmitter and has an impulse response essentially matching the waveform. The impulse response and waveform preferably match in the time domain. The transmitter and receiver may be average-power-limited, using, for example, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. To achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio, the waveform may be designed to minimize jitter, sample duration, matching parasitics, and inter-symbol interference (ISI). Such a waveform may be a return-to-zero (RZ) Gaussian or Gaussian-like waveform and may be transmitted in a variety of modulation formats. Further, the system may be used in WDM or TDM systems. A method for characterizing the time domain impulse response of an optical element used in the optical receiver is provided, where the method is optionally optimized using deconvolution and/or cross-correlation techniques.
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公开(公告)号：US07181097B2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-20
申请号：US10097187
申请日：2002-03-13
申请人： David O. Caplan , Walid A. Atia
发明人： David O. Caplan , Walid A. Atia
IPC分类号： G02B6/12
CPC分类号： H04B10/25137 , H04B10/505 , H04B10/5051 , H04B10/508
摘要： A system includes an optical transmitter that outputs an optical signal having a substantially Gaussian waveform and an optical receiver that is optically coupled to the optical transmitter and has an impulse response essentially matching the waveform. The impulse response and waveform preferably match in the time domain. The transmitter and receiver may be average-power-limited, using, for example, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. To achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio, the waveform may be designed to minimize jitter, sample duration, matching parasitics, and inter-symbol interference (ISI). Such a waveform may be a return-to-zero (RZ) Gaussian or Gaussian-like waveform and may be transmitted in a variety of modulation formats. Further, the system may be used in WDM or TDM systems. A method for characterizing the time domain impulse response of an optical element used in the optical receiver is provided, where the method is optionally optimized using deconvolution and/or cross-correlation techniques.
摘要翻译： 一种系统包括：光发射机，其输出具有基本高斯波形的光信号和光接收器，光接收器光学耦合到光发射机并具有基本上与波形匹配的脉冲响应。 脉冲响应和波形优选在时域中匹配。 发射机和接收机可以是平均功率限制的，例如使用掺铒光纤放大器。 为了实现高信噪比，可以设计波形以最小化抖动，采样持续时间，匹配寄生效应和符号间干扰（ISI）。 这样的波形可以是归零（RZ）高斯或类似高斯波形的波形，并且可以以各种调制格式发送。 此外，该系统可以在WDM或TDM系统中使用。 提供了一种用于表征在光接收机中使用的光学元件的时域脉冲响应的方法，其中该方法可选地使用去卷积和/或互相关技术优化。
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公开(公告)号：USRE44605E1
公开(公告)日：2013-11-19
申请号：US12613349
申请日：2009-11-05
CPC分类号： G01J3/36 , G01J3/0256 , G01J3/10 , G01J3/26 , G01N21/255
摘要： Integrated spectroscopy systems are disclosed. In some examples, integrated tunable detectors, using one or multiple Fabry-Perot tunable filters, are provided. Other examples use integrated tunable sources. The tunable source combines one or multiple diodes, such as superluminescent light emitting diodes (SLED), and a Fabry Perot tunable filter or etalon. The advantages associated with the use of the tunable etalon are that it can be small, relatively low power consumption device. For example, newer microelectrical mechanical system (MEMS) implementations of these devices make them the size of a chip. This increases their robustness and also their performance. In some examples, an isolator, amplifier, and/or reference system is further provided integrated.
摘要翻译： 公开了集成光谱系统。 在一些示例中，提供使用一个或多个法布里 - 珀罗可调滤波器的集成可调谐检测器。 其他示例使用集成的可调源。 可调谐源组合了一个或多个二极管，例如超发光发光二极管（SLED）和法布里珀罗可调滤波器或标准具。 与可调谐标准具的使用相关的优点是它可以是小的，相对较低的功率消耗装置。 例如，这些器件的较新的微电机械系统（MEMS）实现使其成为芯片的尺寸。 这增加了它们的稳健性和性能。 在一些示例中，还集成了隔离器，放大器和/或参考系统。
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公开(公告)号：US08564783B2
公开(公告)日：2013-10-22
申请号：US12396099
申请日：2009-03-02
IPC分类号： G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01B9/02091 , G01B9/02004 , G01B9/02044 , G01B9/02059 , G01B9/02069 , G01B2290/25 , H01S3/08013 , H01S3/08054 , H01S3/1067 , H01S5/02248 , H01S5/02415 , H01S5/068 , H01S5/141 , H01S5/146
摘要： A frequency swept laser source for TEFD-OCT imaging includes an integrated clock subsystem on the optical bench with the laser source. The clock subsystem generates frequency clock signals as the optical signal is tuned over the scan band. Preferably the laser source further includes a cavity extender in its optical cavity between a tunable filter and gain medium to increase an optical distance between the tunable filter and the gain medium in order to control the location of laser intensity pattern noise. The laser also includes a fiber stub that allows for control over the cavity length while also controlling birefringence in the cavity.
摘要翻译： 用于TEFD-OCT成像的频率扫描激光源包括具有激光源的光学台上的集成时钟子系统。 当光信号在扫描带上调谐时，时钟子系统产生频率时钟信号。 优选地，激光源还包括在可调谐滤波器和增益介质之间的光腔中的腔体延长器，以增加可调谐滤波器和增益介质之间的光学距离，以便控制激光强度图案噪声的位置。 该激光器还包括一个纤维短截线，其允许控制腔体长度，同时还控制空腔中的双折射。
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公开(公告)号：US08054466B1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-08
申请号：US11419993
申请日：2006-05-23
IPC分类号： G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01J3/26 , G01J3/0218 , G01J3/0224 , G01J3/0256 , G01J3/0286 , G01J3/28 , G01J3/4338
摘要： A spectroscopy wavelength and amplitude referencing system comprises an optical bench receiving a tunable optical signal from a tunable signal source, a wavelength reference detector on the bench for determining a wavelength of the tunable optical signal, an amplitude reference detector on the bench for determining an amplitude of the tunable optical signal and an output optical signal fiber for transmitting the tunable optical signal to a sample. Also, spectroscopy system controller determines a spectral response of the sample to the tunable optical signal by determining an instantaneous wavelength of the tunable optical signal by reference to the wavelength reference detector.
摘要翻译： 光谱波长和幅度参考系统包括从可调信号源接收可调谐光信号的光学台，用于确定可调谐光信号的波长的工作台上的波长参考检测器，用于确定振幅的台上的幅度参考检测器 的可调光信号和用于将可调光信号传输到样品的输出光信号光纤。 此外，光谱系统控制器通过参考波长参考检测器确定可调谐光信号的瞬时波长来确定样品对可调光信号的光谱响应。
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公开(公告)号：US07671981B1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-02
申请号：US11769488
申请日：2007-06-27
申请人： Walid A. Atia , Dale C. Flanders , Robert K. Jenner , Lawrence P. McDermott , Bartley C. Johnson
发明人： Walid A. Atia , Dale C. Flanders , Robert K. Jenner , Lawrence P. McDermott , Bartley C. Johnson
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/39 , G01J3/10 , G01J3/26 , G01J3/4338 , G01J9/00 , G01N21/3554 , G01N21/3559
摘要： A tunable laser spectroscopic carpet identification system comprises a tunable laser spectroscopy system for generating a tunable signal that is transmitted to a carpet sample. The system detects the tunable signal after interaction with the carpet sample so that an analyzer is able to relate a spectral response of the carpet sample to a chemical composition of the carpet sample. In one example, the spectroscopy system comprises a laser cavity in which the tunable signal is generated, a semiconductor gain medium in the laser cavity, and a tunable element for controlling a wavelength of tunable signal generated in the laser cavity. To deal with variations in water content, the analyzer estimates a water content of the carpet sample using the spectral response of the carpet sample and then determines the chemical composition of the carpet sample in part based on the estimate of the water content.
摘要翻译： 可调激光光谱地毯识别系统包括可调谐激光光谱系统，用于产生传输到地毯样品的可调信号。 该系统在与地毯样品相互作用后检测可调信号，使得分析仪能够将地毯样品的光谱响应与地毯样品的化学成分相关联。 在一个示例中，光谱系统包括其中产生可调信号的激光腔，激光腔中的半导体增益介质和用于控制在激光腔中产生的可调信号的波长的可调元件。 为了处理含水量的变化，分析器使用地毯样品的光谱响应估计地毯样品的含水量，然后基于含水量的估计部分地确定地毯样品的化学成分。
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公开(公告)号：US07415049B2
公开(公告)日：2008-08-19
申请号：US11158617
申请日：2005-06-22
IPC分类号： H01S3/10
CPC分类号： H01S3/08059 , H01S3/105 , H01S5/06 , H01S5/141 , H01S5/146
摘要： An external cavity laser has a mirror-based resonant tunable filter, such as a Fabry Perot tunable filter or Gires-Tournois interferometer tuning element, with the tunable filter being preferably used as a laser cavity mirror. A mirror-based resonant tunable filter is selected in which the spectral response in reflection has an angular dependence. A tilt scheme is used whereby by selecting an appropriate angle between the filter's nominal optical axis and the cavity optical axis, a narrowband peak spectral reflection is provided to the laser cavity. This tunable narrowband spectral reflection from the filter is used to lock and tune the laser output wavelength.
摘要翻译： 外腔激光器具有基于镜子的共振可调谐滤波器，例如法布里·珀罗可调谐滤波器或Gires-Tournois干涉仪调谐元件，其中可调谐滤波器优选用作激光腔镜。 选择基于镜像的谐振可调谐滤波器，其中反射中的光谱响应具有角度依赖性。 使用倾斜方案，由此通过选择滤光器的标称光轴和腔光轴之间的适当角度，向激光腔提供窄带峰值光谱反射。 来自滤波器的可调窄带光谱反射用于锁定和调谐激光输出波长。
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8.发明授权Method and system for reducing parasitic spectral noise in tunable semiconductor source spectroscopy system 有权用于减少可调谐半导体光谱系统中寄生光谱噪声的方法和系统公开(公告)号：US07375812B2
公开(公告)日：2008-05-20
申请号：US11062896
申请日：2005-02-22
申请人： Walid A. Atia , Dale C. Flanders
发明人： Walid A. Atia , Dale C. Flanders
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01J3/10 , G01J3/02 , G01J3/0218 , G01J3/0251 , G01J3/26 , G01J3/433
摘要： A spectroscopy system comprises a tunable semiconductor laser, such as an external cavity laser, that generates a tunable signal. A detector is provided for detecting the tunable signal after interaction with a sample. In this way, the system is able to determine the spectroscopic response of the sample by tuning the laser of the scan band and monitoring the detector's response. An integrating device, such as an integrating sphere, is interposed optically between the tunable semiconductor laser and the detector. This integrating device is used to mitigate the effects of parasitic spectral noise, such as noise that is generated by speckle or the combination of single-and multi-mode optical fibers in the transmission link between the tunable semiconductor laser and the detector.
摘要翻译： 光谱系统包括可调谐半导体激光器，例如外腔激光器，其产生可调信号。 提供了一种检测器，用于在与样品相互作用后检测可调信号。 以这种方式，该系统能够通过调谐扫描带的激光并监测检测器的响应来确定样品的光谱响应。 诸如积分球的积分装置被光学地插入在可调半导体激光器和检测器之间。 该积分装置用于减轻寄生光谱噪声的影响，例如在可调谐半导体激光器和检测器之间的传输链路中由斑点产生的噪声或单模和多模光纤的组合。
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9.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07230710B2
公开(公告)日：2007-06-12
申请号：US11018687
申请日：2004-12-21
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01J3/10 , G01J3/02 , G01J3/0218 , G01J3/0224 , G01N21/39 , G01N2021/399 , G01N2201/0612 , G01N2201/062 , G01N2201/08
摘要： A semiconductor source spectroscopy system controls optical power variation of the tunable signal due to polarization dependent loss in the system and thus improves the noise performance of the system. It relies on using polarization control between the source and the sample and/or the sample and the detector. In one example, the source has a semiconductor optical amplifier and an intracavity tunable element for generating a tunable optical signal for illuminating a sample. The tunable optical signal is spectrally tuned over a scan band of the spectroscopy system by operation of the intracavity tunable element.
摘要翻译： 半导体源光谱系统由于系统中偏振相关损耗而控制可调信号的光功率变化，从而提高了系统的噪声性能。 它依赖于使用源与样品和/或样品和检测器之间的偏振控制。 在一个示例中，源具有半导体光放大器和用于产生用于照亮样品的可调光信号的腔内可调元件。 可调谐光信号通过腔内可调谐元件的操作在光谱系统的扫描带上进行光谱调谐。
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公开(公告)号：US08515221B2
公开(公告)日：2013-08-20
申请号：US12693181
申请日：2010-01-25
IPC分类号： G02B6/26
CPC分类号： G01Q60/22 , A61B5/0066 , A61B5/0084 , A61B5/02007 , A61B2562/12 , G02B23/2469
摘要： An optical probe for emitting and/or receiving light within a body comprises an optical fiber that transmits and/or receives an optical signal, a silicon optical bench including a fiber groove running longitudinally that holds an optical fiber termination of the optical fiber and a reflecting surface that optically couples an endface of the optical fiber termination to a lateral side of the optical bench. The fiber groove is fabricated using silicon anisotropic etching techniques. Some examples use a housing around the optical bench that is fabricated using LIGA or other electroforming technology. A method for forming lens structure is also described that comprises forming a refractive lens in a first layer of a composite wafer material, such as SOI (silicon on insulator) wafers and forming an optical port through a backside of the composite wafer material along an optical axis of the refractive lens. the refractive lens is preferably formed using grey-scale lithography and dry etching the first layer.
摘要翻译： 用于在体内发射和/或接收光的光学探针包括传输和/或接收光信号的光纤，包括纵向延伸的光纤槽的硅光学台，其保持光纤的光纤端接和反射 表面，其将光纤端接件的端面光学耦合到光学平台的侧面。 使用硅各向异性蚀刻技术制造纤维槽。 一些例子使用使用LIGA或其他电铸技术制造的光学平台周围的外壳。 还描述了一种用于形成透镜结构的方法，其包括在诸如SOI（绝缘体上硅）晶片的复合晶片材料的第一层中形成折射透镜，并且沿着光学器件通过复合晶片材料的背面形成光学端口 折射透镜的轴线。 折射透镜优选使用灰度光刻形成并且对第一层进行干蚀刻。
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