摘要:
Polymers which contain polyacetal blocks are obtainable by polymerizing carboxylates containing aldehyde groups in the presence of initiators and reacting the polymers with at least bifunctional crosslinking agents in the presence of acids or Lewis acids and, if required hydrolyzing the ester groups present as polymerized units, process for the preparation of the polymers containing polyacetal blocks by polymerizing carboxylates containing aldehyde groups in the presence of initiators and reacting the resulting polyacetals containing terminal hydroxyl groups with at least bifunctional crosslinking agents in the presence of acids or Lewis acids, and the use of the resulting polymers as additives in phosphate-free and reduced phosphate detergents and cleaning agents, as scale inhibitors and as dispersants for pigments.
摘要:
Process for preparing polycondensates of citric acid and/or isocitric acid, by converting(a) citric acid, isocitric acid or mixtures thereof in an organic solvent in the presence of a water-withdrawing agent at least partially into the anhydride form and then condensing the reaction mixture, if desired after addition of two cocondensable compounds selected from the group consisting of(b) other hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or(c) amino acids, alcohols, amines and/or at least dibasic carboxylic acids other than carboxylic acids (a) and (b), at temperatures of at least 80.degree. C. to form polycarboxylates which have an average molecular weight of at least 500, polycondensates of citric acid and/or isocitric acid obtainable thereby, anduse of said polycondensates as ingredients in phosphate-free and reduced-phosphate detergents and cleaners, and also detergents and cleaners which contain at least one surfactant and optionally builders and other customary constituents with from 0.1 to 30% by weight of an abovementioned polyestercarboxylate.
摘要:
Modified polyaspartic acids useful as detergent and cleaner additives, as water treatment agents and as scale inhibitors in the evaporation of sugar juice are obtainable by polycondensation of (a) from 1 to 99.9 mol % of aspartic acid with (b) from 99 to 0.1 mol % of fatty acids, polybasic carboxylic acids, anhydrides of polybasic carboxylic acids, polybasic hydroxycarboxylic acids, monobasic polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, alcohols, amines, alkoxylated alcohols and amines, amino sugars, carbohydrates, sugarcarboxylic acids and/or non-proteinogenic aminocarboxylic acids or by polymerizing monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of polyaspartic acids in the manner of a free-radically initiated graft polymerization.
摘要:
A process for preparing copolymers of vinyl esters and monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids by free-radical copolymerization of (a) 20 to 80 mol % of vinyl esters of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having at least 2 carbon atoms and (b) 80-20 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, with or without (c) 0-30 mol % of other copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and/or (d) 0-10 mol % of monomers which contain at least two non-conjugated ethylenic double bonds in the molecule, in the presence of at least one sulfur, phosphorus and/or nitrogen compound with a reducing action and of 0.05-30% by weight, based on the monomers, of at least one surface-active agent in aqueous medium in the presence of initiators and in the presence or absence of regulators, and the use of the copolymers or of the copolymers which are obtainable therefrom by hydrolysis and/or oxidation and have vinyl alcohol units as additive to detergents and cleaners.
摘要:
Copolymers containing (a) from 5 to 90 mol % of vinyl formate units, (b) from 10 to 95 mol % of units of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, (c) from 0 to 70 mol % of units of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, and (d) from 0 to 30 mol % of units of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in copolymerized form and having K values of at least 8 (determined by the method of H. Fikentscher in 1% strength by weight aqueous solution on the sodium salt of the copolymers at pH 7 and 25.degree. C.), processes for their preparation by copolymerizing monomer mixtures of (a) from 5 to 90 mol % of vinyl formate, (b) from 10 to 95 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, (c) from 0 to 70 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, and (d) from 0 to 30 mol % of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in an aqueous medium or in an organic solvent in the presence of free-radical polymerization initiators and use of the vinyl formate copolymers and of the vinyl alcohol copolymers obtainable therefrom by hydrolysis and/or oxidation as detergent and cleaner additives.
摘要:
Process for the preparation of products of the reaction of polyaspartimides and amino acids by reaction of amino acids with polyaspartimides in aqueous medium at pH values at which at least 5% of the amino groups in the amino acids are in non-protonated form in equilibrium with the protonated form, and use of the reaction products obtainable in this way and of products of the reaction of polyaspartimides with alkanolamines or aminated C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -fatty alcohol alkoxylates which contain as copolymerized units up to 50 mol % of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide per mol of fatty alcohol, as additive to detergents and cleaners, as scale inhibitor and as dispersant.
摘要:
Polyacetals useful as detergent additives contain units of the formula ##STR1## where R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or COOM,M is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or an alkali metal, ammonium or alkanolamine group, andm is from 0 to 9,have K values (determined by the method of H. Fikentscher on the sodium salt in 1% strength by weight aqueous solution at 25.degree. C. and pH 7) of at least 8.5, and are prepared by polymerizing compounds of the formula ##STR2## where R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or COOM,M is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or an alkali metal, ammonium or alkanolamine group,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, andm is from 0 to 9,in the presence of initiators and optionally comonomers with or without hydrolysis of the ester groups.
摘要:
A process for preparing polyacetals by copolymerization of glyoxylic esters with other copolymerizable monomers in the presence of anionic or cationic polymerization initiators, with or without the introduction of stable end groups and with or without hydrolysis of the copolymerized units of glyoxylic ester present in the copolymer comprises using as monomers cyclic formals derived from diols, homopolymers of formaldehyde, trioxepane or mixtures thereof, although up to 50% by weight of this group of monomers may be replaced by other customary copolymerizable monomers, and the poly(acetal-carboxylate)s thus obtainable are useful as additives in reduced-phosphate and phosphate-free detergents and cleaners, as water treatment agents and as dispersants for finely divided substances.
摘要:
The use of polyaspartic acid prepared by polycondensation of aspartic acid in the presence of phosphoric acid in a molar ratio of from 1:0.05 to 1:10 at temperatures of at least 120.degree. C. to give polysuccinimide, and subsequent hydrolysis of the polysuccinimide with bases to give at least partially neutralized polyaspartic acid, as additive to detergents and cleaners in amounts of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, and detergents and cleaners which contain polyaspartic acids prepared in the presence of phosphoric acid.
摘要:
Use of carboxyl-containing reaction products of(a) maleic anhydride, maleic acid and/or fumaric acid, and(b) proteins or protein hydrolyzateshaving an acid number of at least 1.5 mmol of NaOH/g of reaction product, as ingredient of reduced-phosphate and phosphate-free detergents and cleaners.