公开(公告)号：US06737555B1

公开(公告)日：2004-05-18

申请号：US09914532

申请日：2001-08-30

申请人： Heiko Maas ,  Peter Schwab ,  Ralf Schulz ,  Marc Walter ,  Wolfgang Brox

发明人： Heiko Maas ,  Peter Schwab ,  Ralf Schulz ,  Marc Walter ,  Wolfgang Brox

IPC分类号： C07C208

CPC分类号： B01J23/755 ,  C07C2/10 ,  C07C2521/06 ,  C07C2521/12 ,  C07C2523/755

摘要： In a process for oligomerizing C6-olefins by reactin of a C6-olefin-containing reaction mixture over a nickel-containing fixed-bed catalyst, the reaction over the fixed-bed catalyst is run at a conversion to oligomerized C6-olefins of not more than 30% by weight, based on the reaction mixture.

摘要翻译： 在通过在含镍固定床催化剂上含C6-烯烃的反应混合物的反应物使C6-烯烃低聚的方法中，固定床催化剂上的反应以不是更多的低聚C6-烯烃 超过30重量％，基于反应混合物。

公开(公告)号：US06846965B1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-25

申请号：US09959792

申请日：2000-05-11

申请人： Ralf Schulz ,  Marc Walter ,  Hans-Peter Neumann ,  Wolfgang Brox

发明人： Ralf Schulz ,  Marc Walter ,  Hans-Peter Neumann ,  Wolfgang Brox

IPC分类号： C07B61/00 ,  C07C2/08 ,  C07C2/10 ,  C07C11/02 ,  C07C2/04 ,  C07C2/02

CPC分类号： C07C2/08 ,  C07C2/10

摘要： C2-C8-olefins are oligomerized in a process in which a stream of an olefin-containing hydrocarbon mixture is passed over a heterogeneous, nickel-containing oligomerization catalyst in n successive adiabatically operated reaction zones, where n≧2, and the hydrocarbon mixture experiences a temperature increase 66 Treact in each reaction zone and the hydrocarbon mixture enters the first reaction zone at a temperature Tin and before entering each further reaction zone is cooled to a temperature which in each case may be up to 20° C. above or below Tin, and the relative catalyst volumes of the individual reaction zones are such that the difference in ΔTreact between any two reaction zones is not more than 20° C.

摘要翻译： 在其中n> = 2的n个连续绝热操作的反应区中，使含烯烃的烃混合物流通过非均相的含镍低聚催化剂的方法中低聚C2-C8-烯烃，并且烃混合物 经历温度升高66在每个反应区域进行交付，烃混合物在温度Tin进入第一反应区，并且在进入每个另外的反应区之前，冷却至高于或低于20℃的温度 锡，并且各个反应区的相对催化剂体积使得任何两个反应区之间的DeltaTreact的差不超过20℃

公开(公告)号：US20070110263A1

公开(公告)日：2007-05-17

申请号：US10575571

申请日：2004-10-08

申请人： Wolfgang Brox

发明人： Wolfgang Brox

IPC分类号： H04R3/00 ,  H03G3/20 ,  H03G5/00

CPC分类号： G10L25/78 ,  G10L2025/786

摘要： The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting voice activity in a communication signal, wherein filter means are provided for estimating or suppressing an offset component of the level of the communication signal. A filter parameter is controlled based on the output of the filter means. Furthermore, the estimation or suppression of the offset component is limited in response to the output of the filter means. The filter means may be based on a non-linear adaptive notch level filter or a noise floor tracking filter. Thereby, the tracking behavior of noise floor estimation to sudden rises in noise floor can be improved and the voice activity detection can work efficiently over a wide dynamic range.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于检测通信信号中的语音活动的方法和装置，其中提供了滤波器装置，用于估计或抑制通信信号电平的偏移分量。 滤波器参数根据滤波器装置的输出进行控制。 此外，偏移分量的估计或抑制响应于滤波器装置的输出而受到限制。 滤波器装置可以基于非线性自适应陷波级滤波器或噪声本底跟踪滤波器。 因此，可以提高噪声基底估计对噪声本底的突然上升的跟踪行为，并且语音活动检测可以在宽动态范围内有效地工作。

公开(公告)号：US06362386B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-26

申请号：US09446532

申请日：1999-12-28

申请人： Bernd Bessling ,  Jean Werner Knab ,  Wolfgang Brox ,  Bernd Lohe

发明人： Bernd Bessling ,  Jean Werner Knab ,  Wolfgang Brox ,  Bernd Lohe

IPC分类号： C07C700

CPC分类号： C07C7/14891 ,  Y02P20/127 ,  C07C11/09

摘要： A process for isolating isobutene from a hydrocarbon mixture by a) combining the C4-hydrocarbon mixture with a primary C3- or C4-alkanol; b) reacting the isobutene in the C4-hydrocarbon mixture with the primary C3- or C4-alkanol in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst to give the corresponding tertiary ether of isobutene, c) separating the resultant reaction mixture into the relatively low-boiling, unetherified C4-hydrocarbons and the relatively higher-boiling tertiary ether of isobutene with the aid of a distillation column, where the C4-hydrocarbons are taken off at the top, and the tertiary ether of isobutene obtained at the bottom is transferred into a reactor, d) cleaving this ether into isobutene and the corresponding primary C3- or C4-alkanol, e) distilling this mixture from d) in a further distillation column, and taking off the isobutene as the top product, which comprises carrying out step a) in a zone (4C) containing reactive internals and containing the catalyst for carrying out step b) arranged in such a way that the zone (4C) is integrated into a distillation column (4), that a reactive distillation takes place in this zone (4C), and that the C3- or C4-alkanol is fed to the distillation column above the zone (4C) and the C4-hydrocarbon mixture is fed to the distillation column below the zone (4C).

摘要翻译： 一种从烃混合物中分离异丁烯的方法，其方法是将C4-烃混合物与一种C 3 - 或C 4 - 链烷醇组合; b）使C 4 - 烃混合物中的异丁烯与C 3- 的非均相催化剂，得到相应的异丁烯叔乙醚，c）借助于蒸馏塔将所得反应混合物分离成相对低沸点的未乙醚化的C4烃和相对较高沸点的异丁烯叔醚，其中 在顶部取出C4烃，将底部获得的异丁烯的叔醚转移到反应器中，d）将该醚切割成异丁烯和相应的初级C3-或C4-链烷醇，e）蒸馏该混合物 从另一个蒸馏塔中除去异丁烯作为顶部产物，其包括在含有反应性内件的区域（4C）中进行步骤a）并含有用于承载的催化剂 排出步骤b）以使得区域（4C）整合到蒸馏塔（4）中的方式排列，在该区域（4C）中进行反应蒸馏，并且将C3-或C4-链烷醇进料至 将区域（4C）上方的蒸馏塔和C4-烃混合物进料到区域（4C）下方的蒸馏塔。

公开(公告)号：US5350873A

公开(公告)日：1994-09-27

申请号：US928568

申请日：1992-08-13

申请人： Volker Bach ,  Wolfgang Brox ,  Karl-Heinz Etzbach ,  Axel Paul ,  Karl Siemensmeyer

发明人： Volker Bach ,  Wolfgang Brox ,  Karl-Heinz Etzbach ,  Axel Paul ,  Karl Siemensmeyer

IPC分类号： C07C69/708 ,  C07C69/712 ,  C07C69/734 ,  C07C69/74 ,  C07C69/753 ,  C07C69/757 ,  C07C69/76 ,  C07C69/773 ,  C07C69/86 ,  C07C69/92 ,  C07C69/94 ,  C08F20/30 ,  C08G63/60 ,  C09K19/20 ,  C09K19/58

CPC分类号： C08G63/60 ,  C07C69/712 ,  C07C69/92 ,  C07C69/94 ,  C08F20/30 ,  C09K19/586

摘要： Optically active compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl or -perfluoroalkyl in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 or CF.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by --O-- and/or --CO-- and/or --CO--O-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- and/or --CH-halogen-- and/or --CHCN-- and/or --0--CO--CH-halogen-- and/or --O--CO--CHCN--, or is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl which can have a terminal chemically reactive group and in which a CH.sub.2 group can be replaced by --O--,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, 1,4-phenylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two F and/or Cl and/or Br atoms and/or CH.sub.3 groups and/or CN groups and in which one or two CH groups can also be replaced by N, 1,4-cyclohexylene in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by --O-- and/or --S--, 1,4-piperidinediyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, 2,6-naphthalenediyl, decahydro-2,6-naphthalenediyl or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,6-naphthalenediyl,A.sup.3 is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl,Z is --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, --C.tbd.C-- or a single bond andm is 0, 1, 2 or 3.

摘要翻译： 其中R是具有一个或两个不相邻的CH2或CF2基团的C1-C12-烷基或全氟烷基的式I的光学活性化合物（I）也可以被-O-和/或-CO- 和/或-CO-O-和/或-CH = CH-和/或-CH-卤素 - 和/或-CHCN-和/或-O-CO-CH-卤素 - 和/或-O-CO- CHCN-或可具有末端化学反应性基团并且其中CH 2基团可被-O-，A 1和A 2取代的C 1 -C 12 - 烷基彼此独立地为彼此独立的1,4-亚苯基，其为 未被取代或被一个或两个F和/或Cl和/或Br原子和/或CH 3基团和/或CN基团取代，并且其中一个或两个CH基团也可被N，1,4-亚环己基代替，其中一个或两个 或两个不相邻的CH 2基团也可以被-O-和/或-S-，1,4-哌啶二基，1,4-二环[2.2.2]亚辛基，2,6-萘二甲酸，十氢-2， 6-萘二基或1,2,3,4-四氢-2,6-萘二基，A3是未取代或取代的苯基，Z是-CO-O-，-O-CO-，-CH2CH2 - ， - OCH2 - ， - CH2O-，-C3OND C或单键，m为0,1,2或3。

公开(公告)号：US5187248A

公开(公告)日：1993-02-16

申请号：US814516

申请日：1991-12-30

申请人： Karl-Heinz Etzbach ,  Gerhard Wagenblast ,  Wolfgang Brox ,  Axel Paul ,  Volker Bach

发明人： Karl-Heinz Etzbach ,  Gerhard Wagenblast ,  Wolfgang Brox ,  Axel Paul ,  Volker Bach

IPC分类号： C09K19/38 ,  G11B7/25

CPC分类号： G11B7/25 ,  C09K19/3857

摘要： Novel laser-optical recording elements which can be repeatedly erased and recorded on contain recording layers (a) which exhibit enantiotropic, ferroelectric smectic liquid crystalline (S.sub.c*) behavior, so that they can be switched back and forth between two thermodynamically stable, optically distinguishable ferroelectric smectic liquid crystalline S.sub.C* order states on exposure to a laser beam of sufficient luminous power, by applying an external electric field. The recording layers (a) themselves consist mainly or exclusively of novel polymers P having chiral mesogenic side groups. The novel polymers P are prepared using the novel monomers of the general formula I ##STR1## where R is hydrogen, chlorine or methyl, A is a flexible space-maintaining long-chain molecular moiety, and C is an optically active chiral molecular moiety and B is a mesogenic molecular moiety composed of at least three aromatic nuclei which are bonded linearly or virtually linearly to one another, or they are prepared using the novel monomers I which contain specially selected molecular moieties B in a novel combination with selected molecular moieties C.

摘要翻译： 可以重复地擦除并记录包含记录层（a）的新型激光 - 光学记录元件，其表现出对称性，铁电近晶液晶（Sc *）行为，使得它们可以在两个热力学稳定的光学可区分之间来回切换 通过施加外部电场，暴露于具有足够的发光功率的激光束的铁电近晶液晶SC *次序状态。 记录层（a）本身主要或全部由具有手性介晶侧基的新型聚合物P组成。 新型聚合物P使用通式I（I）的新型单体制备，其中R是氢，氯或甲基，A是柔性保持空间的长链分子部分，C是光学活性的手性 分子部分和B是由至少三个芳族核组成的介晶分子部分，其彼此线性或实质上线性地键合，或者它们使用含有特定选择的分子部分B的新型单体I与选择的分子 部分C.

公开(公告)号：US5103060A

公开(公告)日：1992-04-07

申请号：US571286

申请日：1990-08-23

申请人： Wolfgang Brox ,  Dirk Funhoff ,  Ulrike Licht ,  Harald Fuchs ,  Wolfgang Schrepp

发明人： Wolfgang Brox ,  Dirk Funhoff ,  Ulrike Licht ,  Harald Fuchs ,  Wolfgang Schrepp

IPC分类号： G02F1/35 ,  C07C211/48 ,  C07C211/52 ,  C07C245/08 ,  C07C251/24 ,  C07C251/86 ,  C07C255/58 ,  C07C323/37 ,  C07D213/24 ,  C07D251/24 ,  C08F16/14 ,  C08F16/28 ,  C08F26/00 ,  C08F26/02 ,  C08F28/00 ,  C08F28/02 ,  G02F1/355 ,  G02F1/361

CPC分类号： C07C245/08 ,  C07C211/48 ,  C07C211/52 ,  C07C255/58 ,  G02F1/3611 ,  G02F1/3617 ,  C07C2101/10

摘要： The novel compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## where X is straight-chain or branched alkanediyl having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms orX is straight-chain or branched alkanediyl having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, whose carbon chain is interrupted by --O--, --S-- and/or --NR--,R is hydrogen, straight-chain or branched alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl, andY is a non-centrosymmetric radical containing an easily polarized conjugated .pi.-electron system and at least one terminal electron-acceptor group,having nonlinear optical properties, are highly suitable as nonlinear optical materials for nonlinear optical arrangements and for the preparation of polymers having nonlinear optical properties. In particular, they can be used to prepare organopolysiloxanes having nonlinear optical properties and containing side groups of the general formula Ia ##STR2## in which the variables are as defined above. These novel organopolysiloxanes having nonlinear optical properties are also highly suitable for the production of Langmuir-Blodgett layers.

摘要翻译： 其中X是具有1至20个碳原子的直链或支链烷二基或X是具有2至20个碳原子的直链或支链烷二基的通式I（I）的新化合物，其碳链 被-O - ， - S-和/或-NR-中断，R是氢，具有1至6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基或环烷基，Y是含有易极化共轭的非中心对称基团 具有非线性光学性质的π-电子系统和至少一个末端电子受体基团非常适用于非线性光学布置的非线性光学材料和用于制备具有非线性光学性质的聚合物。 特别地，它们可以用于制备具有非线性光学性质并且包含其中变量如上所定义的通式Ia（Ia）的侧基的有机聚硅氧烷。 这些具有非线性光学性质的新型有机聚硅氧烷也非常适合于生产Langmuir-Blodgett层。

公开(公告)号：US07813497B2

公开(公告)日：2010-10-12

申请号：US10587965

申请日：2005-01-20

申请人： Wolfgang Brox

发明人： Wolfgang Brox

IPC分类号： H04M9/08

CPC分类号： H04B3/234 ,  H04M9/085

摘要： Echo canceling method comprising the steps: a) receiving a first signal and a second signal, said second signal comprising an echo of the first signal, b) generating an echo replica signal by filtering the first signal with a finite impulse response filter, said finite impulse filter using a filter coefficient vector for generating the echo replica signal, generating an echo cancelled signal by subtracting the echo replica signal from the second signal, d) determining a measure of interference within the second signal, e) determining a step vector depending on said measure of interference, wherein increasing the measure of interference continuously reduces a size of the step vector, and f) updating the filter coefficient vector by the step vector.

摘要翻译： 回波消除方法包括以下步骤：a）接收第一信号和第二信号，所述第二信号包括第一信号的回波，b）通过用有限脉冲响应滤波器对第一信号进行滤波来产生回波复制信号，所述有限 脉冲滤波器，使用用于产生回波复制信号的滤波器系数向量，通过从第二信号中减去回波复制信号产生回波消除信号，d）确定第二信号内的干扰度量，e）根据 所述干扰测量，其中增加干扰测量值连续地减小步长矢量的大小，以及f）通过步矢量来更新滤波器系数矢量。

公开(公告)号：US07535859B2

公开(公告)日：2009-05-19

申请号：US10575571

申请日：2004-10-08

申请人： Wolfgang Brox

发明人： Wolfgang Brox

IPC分类号： H04B3/20

CPC分类号： G10L25/78 ,  G10L2025/786

摘要： The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting voice activity in a communication signal, wherein filter means are provided for estimating or suppressing an offset component of the level of the communication signal. A filter parameter is controlled based on the output of the filter means. Furthermore, the estimation or suppression of the offset component is limited in response to the output of the filter means. The filter means may be based on a non-linear adaptive notch level filter or a noise floor tracking filter. Thereby, the tracking behavior of noise floor estimation to sudden rises in noise floor can be improved and the voice activity detection can work efficiently over a wide dynamic range.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于检测通信信号中的语音活动的方法和装置，其中提供了滤波器装置，用于估计或抑制通信信号电平的偏移分量。 滤波器参数根据滤波器装置的输出进行控制。 此外，偏移分量的估计或抑制响应于滤波器装置的输出而受到限制。 滤波器装置可以基于非线性自适应陷波级滤波器或噪声本底跟踪滤波器。 因此，可以提高噪声基底估计对噪声本底的突然上升的跟踪行为，并且语音活动检测可以在宽动态范围内有效地工作。

公开(公告)号：US5854814A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-29

申请号：US696938

申请日：1996-08-23

申请人： Rudolf Hofmann ,  Wolfgang Brox

发明人： Rudolf Hofmann ,  Wolfgang Brox

IPC分类号： H04L1/00 ,  G10L19/005 ,  H04B1/10 ,  H04B7/00 ,  H04B7/26 ,  H03D1/00

CPC分类号： G10L19/005 ,  H04B7/00

摘要： A digital transmission system, such as a mobile radio system, having a transmitter for transmitting codewords which are derived from a digital signal, and a receiver for receiving codewords, the receiver including a decoder with a prediction filter which is excited by an input signal to produce an estimated digital signal. To improve reconstruction of the digital signal in the event of disturbances, the decoder includes a first switching circuit for switching off the input signal of the prediction filter when a disturbed codeword is received, and a second switching circuit for switching substitute values formed from previous values of the estimated digital signal instead of the estimated digital signal when the input signal is switched off.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / IB95 / 01134 Sec。 371日期：1996年8月23日 102（e）日期1996年8月23日PCT 1995年12月15日PCT PCT。 公开号WO96 / 20546 日期1996年7月4日具有从数字信号导出的用于发送码字的发射机的移动无线电系统等数字传输系统和用于接收码字的接收机，该接收机包括具有被激励的预测滤波器的解码器 通过输入信号产生估计的数字信号。 为了在干扰的情况下改善数字信号的重构，解码器包括第一切换电路，用于在接收到干扰的码字时关闭预测滤波器的输入信号;以及第二切换电路，用于切换由先前值形成的替换值 当输入信号被关闭时，代替估计的数字信号。