摘要:
A process for recovering caprolactam from oligomers and/or polymers of caprolactam comprises the following steps:a) treating oligomers and/or polymers of caprolactam with from 1 to 20 parts by weight of water per part by weight of oligomer or polymer at from 200.degree. to 350.degree. C. under superatmospheric pressure with a residence time of from 0.5 to 10 hours to form an aqueous reaction mixture comprising polycaprolactam, monomeric caprolactam and oligomers thereof, andb) passing the aqueous reaction mixture obtained in a) into a fluidized bed of alumina at from 250.degree. to 400.degree. C. to obtain a mixture of steam and caprolactam.
摘要:
Caprolactam is obtained from caprolactam-containing polymers in the presence of a base under reduced pressure by depolymerizing polymers which contain the repeating unit --[--N(H)--(CH.sub.2).sub.5 --C(O)--] or mixtures consisting essentially offrom 50 to 99.99% by weight of a polymer containing the repeating unit --[--N(H)--(CH.sub.2).sub.5 --C(O)--]--from 0.01 to 50% by weight of additives selected from the group consisting of inorganic fillers, organic and inorganic pigments and dyes,from 0 to 10% by weight of organic and/or inorganic additives,from 0 to 40% by weight of non-polyamide-containing polymers andfrom 0 to 20% by weight of polyamides, with the exception of polycaprolactam and copolyamides prepared from caprolactam,in at least two depolymerization reactors connected in series.
摘要:
Caprolactam is obtained from mixtures which contain polymers or thermoplastic molding materials having the repeating unit--N(H)--(CH.sub.2).sub.5 --C(O)--(a) by cleavage at elevated temperatures in the presence of a base under reduced pressure or (b) in the presence of water, by using a mixture essentially comprisingfrom 50 to 99.9% by weight of a polymer or of a thermoplastic molding material having the repeating unit--N(H)--(CH.sub.2).sub.5 --C(O)--from 0.1 to 50% by weight of additives selected from the group consisting of inorganic fillers, organic and inorganic pigments and dyes,from 0 to 10% by weight of organic and/or inorganic additives,from 0 to 40% by weight of non-polyamide-containing polymers andfrom 0 to 20% by weight of polyamides, with the exception of polycaprolactam and copolyamides prepared from caprolactam,and carrying out the cleavage in the presence of a base under reduced pressure, the water content of the mixture used being not more than 0.01% by weight, or carrying out the cleavage in the presence of water without the addition of acid or base at from 270.degree. to 350.degree. C. and a weight ratio of water to polymer or thermoplastic molding material of from 1:1 to 20:1 and in a reaction time of less than 3 hours.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for pelletizing polymer melts, at above ambient pressure, in a pelletizing chamber into which a cutting apparatus has been inserted. In a first step, the pelletizing chamber is flooded with a gas which is inert toward the polymer melt and whose pressure is that at which the pelletizing process is carried out. The polymer melt is then injected into the pelletizing chamber. Finally, the gas is displaced from the pelletizing chamber via a liquid as soon as the polymer melt begins to flow through the cutting apparatus, this melt being cut into pellets.
摘要:
In a process for preparing a polyamide based on dicarboxylic acids and diamines in an extruder, a solid mixture comprising a monomer mixture composed of 50 mol % of dicarboxylic acid mixture composed of from 60 to 88 % by weight of terephthalic acid and from 12 to 40% by weight of isophthalic acid, in which up to 20% by weight of the dicarboxylic acid mixture may also be replaced by other dicarboxylic acids, and 50 mol % of hexamethylenediamine which may be up to 20% by weight replaced by other C2-30-diamines, in a corotatory twin-screw extruder for a residence time of from 10 seconds to 30 minutes, is heated to a temperature in the range from 150 to 400° C. while removing steam and if appropriate diamines through venting orifices.
摘要:
Thermoplastic molding compositions suitable for producing interior components for vehicles for the conveyance of passengers, in particular aircraft, which show a low smoke gas density and low heat release characteristics in the event of a fire, are based on a heat-resistant plastic which contains as a filler from 0.5 to 50% by weight of an oxide of an element of main group III, IV or V, of a salt of an oxygen acid of an element of main group III, IV or V or of a compound which on heating forms such an oxide or salt.
摘要:
A polymer based on a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine is prepared by polycondensation in an extruder, by (a) heating a mixture of a dicarboxylic acid having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and a diamine having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, which mixture is solid at room temperature and has a residual moisture content of less than 5% by weight, to a temperature in the range from 150 to 400° C. under autogenous pressure in a contrarotating twin-screw extruder to give a product A, (b) feeding the product A to a corotating twin-screw extruder, with the product A being exposed to a temperature in the range from 150 to 400° C. and residual water present and also water from the polycondensation being removed through the degassing openings, to give a product B, with the proviso that the corotating twin-screw extruder has at least two segments having different pressures.
摘要:
Caprolactam is obtained from caprolactam-containing polymers in the presence of superheated water by bringing polymers which contain the repeating unit--[--N(H)--(CH.sub.2).sub.5 --C(O)--]--or mixtures consisting essentially of______________________________________from 40 to 99.9% by weight of a polymer containing the repeat- ing unit --[--N(H)--(CH.sub.2).sub.5 --C(O)--]--,from 0.01 to 50% by weight of additives selected from the group consisting of inorganic fillers, organic and inorganic pigments and dyes,from 0 to 10% by weight of organic and/or inorganic additives,from 0 to 40% by weight of non-polyamide-containing polymers andfrom 0 to 60% by weight of polyamides, with the exception of polycaprolactam and copolyamides prepared from caprolactam,______________________________________into contact with superheated water at from 280.degree. to 320.degree. C. and from 7.5 to 15 MPa and a weight ratio of water to polymer containing the repeating unit --[--N(H)--(CH.sub.2).sub.5 --C(O)--]-- of from 5:1 to 13:1 and in a reaction time of less than 3 hours, with the proviso that the reaction mixture, consisting essentially of water and the polymer used or the mixture used, contains no gaseous phase under the conditions of the hydrolysis.
摘要:
In a process for preparing a polyamide based on dicarboxylic acids and diamines in an extruder, a solid mixture comprising a monomer mixture composed of 50 mol % of dicarboxylic acid mixture composed of from 60 to 88 % by weight of terephthalic acid and from 12 to 40% by weight of isophthalic acid, in which up to 20% by weight of the dicarboxylic acid mixture may also be replaced by other dicarboxylic acids, and 50 mol % of hexamethylenediamine which may be up to 20% by weight replaced by other C2-30-diamines, in a corotatory twin-screw extruder for a residence time of from 10 seconds to 30 minutes, is heated to a temperature in the range from 150 to 400° C. while removing steam and if appropriate diamines through venting orifices.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for pelletizing polymer melts, at above ambient pressure, in a pelletizing chamber into which a cutting apparatus has been inserted. In a first step, the pelletizing chamber is flooded with a gas which is inert toward the polymer melt and whose pressure is that at which the pelletizing process is carried out. The polymer melt is then injected into the pelletizing chamber. Finally, the gas is displaced from the pelletizing chamber via a liquid as soon as the polymer melt begins to flow through the cutting apparatus, this melt being cut into pellets.