摘要:
A method for generating heat energy in a power plant by burning a carbonaceous fuel in a combustion chamber of the power plant and a system for carrying out the method is described. A combustion chamber is fluidly connected to a membrane chamber that includes a membrane operating at a temperature between 600 and 1000° C. The combustion chamber receives a cleaned flue-gas oxygen mixture for combustion from the membrane chamber. Oxygen from heated air passes through the membrane in the membrane chamber to the permeate side of the membrane, where it is mixed with cleaned heated flue gas and the resulting gas mixture is fed to the combustion chamber. Flue gas removed from the combustion chamber are cooled, cleaned and heated as described herein and recirculated to the membrane chamber.
摘要:
A combustion system comprising a burner and a combustion chamber, is connected by way of a line to a membrane unit having a high-temperature membrane for extracting the combustion oxygen from the air, the membrane unit having a feed line for a flushing gas on the permeate side. The combustion system further comprises a circulation element for recirculated flue gas, a heat exchanger being disposed upstream of the membrane unit inside the flue gas line. Disclosed is a method for operating this combustion system, in which carbon-containing fuel is burned in an oxygen-flue gas atmosphere, and in which the oxygen for combustion is produced from air by means of a membrane unit comprising a high-temperature membrane, and in which the flue gas is in part recirculated. Disclosed are the steps of first cooling the recirculated flue gas, optionally for a flue gas scrubbing process, subsequently reheating the cooled flue gas to ensure the necessary operating temperature of the membrane, the heating energy being extracted by way of a heat exchange with the flue gas having the corresponding temperature level of the combustion process, and feeding the flue gas heated in this manner to the membrane unit as a flushing gas.
摘要:
Provided is a power plant for generating electrical energy comprising a combustion chamber for producing steam, at least one downstream flue gas purification stage, a separation stage for CO2, a recycling circuit for the flue gas, and a high-temperature O2 membrane, which is connected upstream of the combustion chamber. The high-temperature O2 membrane has an inlet and an outlet on the feed side which are thermally coupled by way of a heat exchanger. On the permeate side, the high-temperature O2 membrane has only an outlet which is connected to the combustion chamber and/or the flue gas recycling circuit and a means for cooling and/or compression which is disposed in this outlet. The power plant, in which coal is burned using substantially pure oxygen, and in which the combustion waste gas is purified and partially recirculated to the combustion process, is operated in such a way that the oxygen that is used is obtained by separation from air using a high-temperature O2 membrane, wherein the membrane is operated with atmospheric air at a pressure of up to 2 bar on the feed side and a negative pressure of between 0.02 and 0.5 bar is applied on the permeate side.
摘要:
Provided is a power plant for generating electrical energy comprising a combustion chamber for producing steam, at least one downstream flue gas purification stage, a separation stage for CO2, a recycling circuit for the flue gas, and a high-temperature O2 membrane, which is connected upstream of the combustion chamber. The high-temperature O2 membrane has an inlet and an outlet on the feed side which are thermally coupled by way of a heat exchanger. On the permeate side, the high-temperature O2 membrane has only an outlet which is connected to the combustion chamber and/or the flue gas recycling circuit and a means for cooling and/or compression which is disposed in this outlet. The power plant, in which coal is burned using substantially pure oxygen, and in which the combustion waste gas is purified and partially recirculated to the combustion process, is operated in such a way that the oxygen that is used is obtained by separation from air using a high-temperature O2 membrane, wherein the membrane is operated with atmospheric air at a pressure of up to 2 bar on the feed side and a negative pressure of between 0.02 and 0.5 bar is applied on the permeate side.
摘要:
The invention relates to a composite membrane for selective gas separation, comprising a layer system having a through-and-through porous, mechanically stable carrier layer, which has an average pore size in the μm range, further having at least one through-and-through porous intermediate layer, which is disposed on the carrier layer and has an average pore size in the range between 2 and 200 nm, and further having a gas-tight functional layer, which is disposed on the intermediate layer and is made of mixed-conductive material having a maximum layer thickness of 1 μm. The carrier layer comprises structural ceramics, a metal or a cermet and has a layer thickness of no more than 1 mm. The intermediate layer is present in a total layer thickness of no more than 100 μm and has an average pore size in the range of 10 and 100 nm. The functional layer comprises a perovskite, a fluorite, or a material having a K2NiF4structure, such as La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-δ(LSCF). The layer thickness of the functional layer is no more than 50 nm, particularly between 25 and 400 nm. In order to produce said composite membrane, at least one porous intermediate layer is applied onto a through-and-through porous, mechanically stable carrier layer, which has an average pore size in the μm range, said intermediate layer having an average pore size in the range between 2 and 200 nm. A further gas-tight, functional layer made of a mixed-conductive material and having a maximum layer thickness of 1 μm is applied onto said intermediate layer.
摘要:
A composite membrane for selective gas separation, comprises a layer system having a continuously porous, mechanically stable carrier layer, which has an average pore size in the μm range, further having at least one continuously porous intermediate layer, which is disposed on the carrier layer and has an average pore size in the range of 2 to 200 nm, and further having a gastight functional layer, which is disposed on the intermediate layer and is made of a mixed-conductive material having a maximum layer thickness of 1 μm. The carrier layer comprises a structural ceramic, a metal, or a cermet and has a layer thickness of no more than 1 mm. The intermediate layer is present with a total layer thickness of no more than 100 μm and has an average pore size in the range of 10 to 100 nm. The functional layer comprises a perovskite, a fluorite, or a material having a K2NiF4 structure, such as La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-8 (LSCF). The layer thickness of the functional layer is no more than 50 nm, and particularly between 25 and 400 nm. In order to produce this composite membrane, at least one porous intermediate layer is applied onto a continuously porous, mechanically stable carrier layer, which has an average pore size in the μm range, wherein the intermediate layer has an average pore size in the range of 2 to 200 nm. A further gastight, functional layer made of a mixed-conductive material and having a maximum layer thickness of 1 μm is applied onto the intermediate layer.
摘要:
The disclosure relates to a battery cell module including a plurality of lithium ion battery cells, each having a degassing opening, and a cover substantially sealingly connected to a corresponding surface of each of the battery cells. The cover defines a gas receiving space configured to at least temporarily receive gas escaping from the battery cells. The gas receiving space is open in the direction of the battery cells. The opening area of the gas receiving space extends across a plurality of the battery cells. The disclosure further relates to a method for producing a battery cell module, to a battery, and to a motor vehicle having the battery cell module or the battery.
摘要:
A mouthpiece has a bite-off-prevention feature. The mouthpiece has been manufactured from an elastomeric parent material with at least one first component, where a reinforcing component embedded within the parent material forms the bite-off-prevention feature and derives from the same group of substances or group of materials as the first component. The reinforcing component is preferably composed of fibers.
摘要:
A mouthpiece has a bite-off-prevention feature. The mouthpiece has been manufactured from an elastomeric parent material with at least one first component, where a reinforcing component embedded within the parent material forms the bite-off-prevention feature and derives from the same group of substances or group of materials as the first component. The reinforcing component is preferably composed of fibers.
摘要:
A method of producing a calibrating body, gage or measuring device, preferably a screw-thread measuring device, at least partially including a C—SiC material constructed of a porous, carbon-containing material with infiltrated liquid Si, includes converting the Si at least partially to SiC by reaction with carbon. The C—SiC material is produced from a C—C material based on carbon felt material produced by pressing monofibers or fiber fragments irregularly entwined with each other. A calibrating body, gage or measuring device, preferably a screw-thread measuring device, is also provided.