摘要:
A control system for an internal combustion engine with an automatic transmission having a torque converter, and a lock-up device. When gear shifting of the automatic transmission is carried out, the output torque of the engine is increased so as to reduce a shock caused by the gear shifting. The engaging force of the lock-up device is changed in response to the increase of the output torque.
摘要:
A control system for an internal combustion engine for a vehicle has an automatic transmission. The control system is operable during gear shifting of the automatic transmission, for changing output torque of the engine to reduce a shock generated during the gear shifting. During gear shifting in which a change gear ratio of the automatic transmission is to be increased, upon stepping-on of the accelerator pedal of the vehicle, the output torque of the engine is increased by a first predetermined amount based on an operating condition of the vehicle when an increase occurs in the rotational speed of the engine due to the gear shifting. After the output torque of the engine is increased by the first predetermined amount, the output torque of the engine is decreased by a second predetermined amount based on the operating condition of the vehicle. After the output torque of the engine is decreased by the second predetermined amount, the output torque of the engine is progressively recovered to a value assumed upon completion of the gear shifting.
摘要:
A control system for an internal combustion engine for an automotive vehicle increases the output torque of the engine during an upshift of the automatic transmission so as to reduce a shock generated during the upshift. Time periods are measured over which respective speed clutches of the automatic transmission have been disengaged. The timing of increasing the output torque of the engine during the upshift of the automatic transmission is changed, based on one of the time periods measured over which one of the speed clutches of the automatic transmission to be selected for the upshift has been disengaged.
摘要:
A driving force-calculating system calculates a desired driving force required by an automotive vehicle depending on operating conditions of the vehicle. A kinetic energy parameter representative of kinetic energy of the vehicle is calculated from an amount of change in speed of the vehicle assumed during acceleration of the vehicle. A correction coefficient is calculated based on an average value of a maximal value of the kinetic energy parameter assumed within a predetermined time period. The desired driving force required by the vehicle is calculated by the use of the correction coefficient. A control system for automotive vehicles which incorporates the driving force-calculating system is also provided.
摘要:
A cylinder-by-cylinder air-fuel ratio-estimating system for an internal combustion engine includes an air-fuel ratio sensor arranged in the exhaust system of the engine, at a confluent portion of the exhaust system. The air-fuel ratio of a mixture supplied to each of the cylinders is estimated based the output from the air-fuel ratio sensor, by using an observer for observing the internal operative state of the exhaust system based on a model representative of the behavior of the exhaust system. The air-fuel ratio at the confluent portion is estimated by using a delay parameter representative of the response delay of the air-fuel ratio sensor, and the air-fuel ratio of the mixture supplied to each of the cylinders is estimated by using the estimated air-fuel ratio at the confluent portion. The estimated air-fuel ratio of the mixture supplied to each of the cylinders is subsequently used for estimating a value of the air-fuel ratio at the confluent portion of the exhaust system.
摘要:
A throttle valve control system for an internal combustion engine installed in a vehicle. A throttle valve opening sensor detects an actual opening of a throttle valve, and an ECU calculates a desired opening of the throttle valve according to the rotational speed of the engine and the required torque of the engine, which is calculated according to operating conditions of the engine and operating conditions of the vehicle, and electrically controls the throttle valve such that the detected actual opening of the throttle valve becomes equal to the desired opening of the throttle valve. An intake pressure sensor detects actual intake pressure within the intake passage, and desired intake pressure within the intake passage is calculated according to the rotational speed of the engine and the required torque of the engine. The desired intake pressure is compared with the detected actual intake pressure, and the desired opening of the throttle valve is corrected based on results of the comparison.
摘要:
In a dictionary image generating section, images of objects each belonging to any one of L categories are taken by a camera from predetermined M directions, a matching region of the object to be recognized is extracted from each of the object images, and dictionary images (N=L×M, n=1, 2, . . . , N) which are the representatives of combinations of direction and category are generated and stored together with the directions of the objects. When a test image is given, the degree of similarity r(n, X, Y) between an n-th dictionary image and the image region at the matching position (X, Y) in the test image is computed by a matching section. This matching process is repeated with the matching position (X, Y) and the number n of the dictionary image being varied, and the matching position (Xmax, Ymax) where the degree of similarity r(n) becomes the highest is detected.
摘要:
A moving object extraction based on background subtraction capable of stably extracting the moving object under various environments. Temporal changes of image feature parameter values for sub-regions subdividing a frame of each input image are stored, and the background image is reconstructed by statistically processing a temporal change of the image feature parameter values for each sub-region within a prescribed target region of the frame over a prescribed period of time to obtain the statistical quantity characterizing that temporal change, judging whether that temporal change is due to an illumination change or not according to the obtained statistical quantity and a prescribed illumination change judging condition, and updating a background image value for each sub-region by a new background image value according to the image feature parameter values for each sub-region during the prescribed period of time. Then, a subtraction processing is applied to one of the input images and the reconstructed background image, and a binarization processing is applied to the obtained subtraction image so as to extract the moving object region from the input images.
摘要:
A scheme for directional counting of moving objects capable of counting moving objects stably while determining passing directions of the moving objects accurately. In this scheme, a counting line is set in an image field of the sequential images, and a dynamic image formed by pixels forming the counting line is obtained for each frame and while a succesively updated background image is obtained. Then, a subtraction and binarization processing are applied to the dynamic image and the background image to extract a moving object region, and a moving object image is formed by sequentially labeling the moving object region in time order. Then, a number of moving objects passing through a monitoring target location is counted according to the moving object image, while upper and lower direction judgement regions are set above and below the counting line and a passing direction of each moving object is determined by judging one of the upper and lower direction judgement regions in which the moving object is present at a time of a formation start/end time of the moving object image.
摘要:
A character in a pattern area is optically scanned and the scanned black and white signal cells of the character are stored in a digital memory. The character in the digital memory is recognized through an initial feature extraction process, unification process, concentration process, and recognition process. In the initial feature extraction process each cell thus scanned is encoded according to the presence of a character line or a black cell in a predetermined direction from each cell. The unification process unifies the code of each cell according to a predetermined algorithm, and the concentration process provides a concentrated code for each cell. The recognition process counts each of the concentrated codes and determines the class to which the character to be recognized belongs when the number of particular concentrated codes reaches a predetermined threshold which is defined for each class. The stepping up in the counting of the concentrated code in the recognition process is performed with some conditions, in which, for instance, only when a predetermined concentrated code appears a predetermined number of times, the particular concentrated code is initiated for counting.