公开(公告)号：US06295309B1

公开(公告)日：2001-09-25

申请号：US09651962

申请日：2000-08-31

申请人： Mark Gilbert Benz ,  Michael Francis Henry ,  William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Bernard Patrick Bewlay

发明人： Mark Gilbert Benz ,  Michael Francis Henry ,  William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Bernard Patrick Bewlay

IPC分类号： H05B360

CPC分类号： H05B7/07

摘要： A VAR process is conducted in an apparatus characterized by a crucible wall that provides a stable shelf anchor. The VAR apparatus includes a furnace chamber, a consumable electrode formed of a material to be remelted within the furnace chamber and a crucible within the furnace chamber. The crucible has a wall that forms a vessel to collect melt material from the consumable electrode. At least part of the wall is textured to provide area for mechanical stabilization of the shelf as the underside of the shelf melts and the upperside of the shelf forms. In a vacuum arc remelting process, a consumable electrode is loaded into a furnace chamber above a cooled crucible having a textured wall that forms a vessel to collect melt material from the consumable electrode. The process includes striking a direct electric current between the electrode and a bottom of the crucible to cause melting of material from a tip of the electrode. Melt material is collected from the tip in the crucible. The melt material is cooled to form an ingot characterized by a shelf of solidified material forming adjacent the textured section of the crucible wall in advance of a lower boundary of solidifying material.

摘要翻译： 在由坩埚壁构成的设备中进行VAR工艺，该坩埚壁提供稳定的搁板锚。 VAR设备包括炉室，由炉室内重熔的材料形成的可消耗电极和炉室内的坩埚。 坩埚具有形成容器以从消耗性电极收集熔体材料的壁。 墙壁的至少一部分是纹理化的，以提供架子的机械稳定性的区域，因为架子的下侧熔化，并且架子的上侧形成。 在真空电弧重熔工艺中，可消耗电极被装载到具有纹理壁的冷却坩埚之上的炉室中，所述纹理壁形成容器以从可消耗电极收集熔体材料。 该过程包括在电极和坩埚的底部之间引起直流电流，引起材料从电极尖端的熔化。 从坩埚中的尖端收集熔体材料。 熔融材料被冷却以形成特征在于在凝固材料的下边界之前形成为邻近坩埚壁的纹理部分的凝固材料的搁板。

公开(公告)号：US06558446B1

公开(公告)日：2003-05-06

申请号：US09682815

申请日：2001-10-22

申请人： Mark Gilbert Benz ,  William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Bruce Alan Knudsen

发明人： Mark Gilbert Benz ,  William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Bruce Alan Knudsen

IPC分类号： C21B1110

CPC分类号： F27D19/00 ,  C22B9/18 ,  F27B14/063 ,  F27B14/14 ,  F27B14/20 ,  F27D3/1509 ,  F27D3/1536 ,  F27D9/00 ,  F27D11/04 ,  F27D11/10 ,  F27D2009/0013 ,  Y02P10/253

摘要： An electroslag refining apparatus includes upper and lower integral crucibles, with the lower crucible having a drain. In situ hot start is effected by depositing in the lower crucible a pre-refined starter. The starter is melted in the lower crucible to form a starter pool, and slag is deposited atop the starter pool for being melted thereby to develop a slag pool thereatop. An ingot electrode is lowered through the upper crucible to immerse a tip thereof into the slag pool. The electrode is powered to effect resistance heating of the slag pool to melt the electrode tip. The slag and starter pools are increased in volume into the upper crucible, with the drain then being opened to effect steady state operation.

摘要翻译： 电渣精炼装置包括上下整体坩埚，下坩埚具有排水口。 原位热启动通过在下坩埚中沉积预精制起动器来实现。 起动器在下坩埚中熔化以形成起始池，炉渣沉积在起始池顶部以便熔化，从而在其上形成渣池。 锭电极通过上坩埚下降，将其末端浸入渣池中。 电极被供电以实现熔渣池的电阻加热以熔化电极尖端。 炉渣和起始池体积增加到上坩埚中，排水然后打开以实现稳态操作。

公开(公告)号：US06289258B1

公开(公告)日：2001-09-11

申请号：US09221721

申请日：1998-12-28

申请人： William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Russell Scott Miller ,  Mark Gilbert Benz ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Bruce Alan Knudsen

发明人： William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Russell Scott Miller ,  Mark Gilbert Benz ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Bruce Alan Knudsen

IPC分类号： G06F1900

CPC分类号： G01F1/661 ,  G01F1/002 ,  G01F1/34 ,  G01F1/86

摘要： The flowrate of a stream discharged from a drain in a vessel is measured by imaging the stream, measuring a diameter of the stream image, and calculating the flowrate based on the measured diameter. A video camera may be aimed below the drain for imaging the stream. A computer is joined to the camera for measuring the diameter of the stream and calculating a corresponding flowrate therefor. Either the pressure head above the drain or the profile of the stream below the drain may be used in calculating the discharge stream flowrate

摘要翻译： 通过对流进行成像，测量流图像的直径和基于测量的直径计算流量来测量从容器中的排水口排出的流的流量。 视频摄像机可能被瞄准在排水口下方，用于成像流。 计算机连接到照相机以测量流的直径并计算相应的流量。 在排水管上方的压力头或排水沟下方的气流轮廓可以用于计算排出流量

公开(公告)号：US06250522B1

公开(公告)日：2001-06-26

申请号：US08537966

申请日：1995-10-02

申请人： William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Mark Gilbert Benz ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Paul Leonard Dupree ,  Bruce Alan Knudsen

发明人： William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Mark Gilbert Benz ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Paul Leonard Dupree ,  Bruce Alan Knudsen

IPC分类号： B22D4108

CPC分类号： B22D23/10

摘要： A system for controlling the flow rate of the stream from an electroslag refining apparatus is taught. The system includes the introduction of unrefined metal into an electroslag refining process in which the unrefined metal is first melted at the upper surface of the refining slag. The molten metal is refined as it passes through the molten slag. The refined metal is collected in a cold hearth apparatus having a skull of refined metal formed on the surface of the cold hearth for protecting the cold hearth from the leaching action of the refined molten metal. A cold finger bottom pour spout is formed at the bottom of the cold hearth to permit dispensing of molten refined metal from the cold hearth. The flow rate of molten metal through the cold finger apparatus is controlled by coordinating, among other parameters: the rate of melting of the unrefined metal; the hydrostatic head of molten metal and slag above the bottom pour cold finger orifice; the rate of induction heat supplied to the metal within the cold finger apparatus; the rate of heat removal from the metal within the cold finger apparatus through the cold finger apparatus itself and through adjacent gas cooling means; and by applying electromagnetic force to selectively speed up, slow down and/or interrupt the flow of metal through the cold finger apparatus via an electromagnetic orifice, preferably utilizing a processor, such as a computer.

摘要翻译： 教导了一种用于控制来自电渣精炼装置的流的流量的系统。 该系统包括将未精制金属引入电渣精炼工艺中，其中未精制金属首先在精炼炉渣的上表面熔化。 当熔融金属通过熔渣时被精炼。 精制金属被收集在具有形成在冷柜的表面上的精制金属颅骨的冷炉床装置中，用于保护冷炉免受精炼熔融金属的浸出作用。 在冷底部的底部形成冷手指底部倒出口，以允许从冷底座分配熔融精炼金属。 通过冷指装置的熔融金属的流速，除了其他参数之外还通过配合来控制：未精制金属的熔化速率; 熔融金属的静水头和底部上方的炉渣倒入冷指孔; 提供给冷指装置内的金属的感应热的速率; 通过冷指装置本身和通过相邻的气体冷却装置从冷指装置中的金属排出的热量; 并且通过施加电磁力来选择性地加速，减慢和/或中断穿过冷指装置的金属流经由电磁孔，优选利用诸如计算机的处理器。

公开(公告)号：US6093449A

公开(公告)日：2000-07-25

申请号：US854369

申请日：1997-05-12

申请人： William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Mark Gilbert Benz ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Bruce Alan Knudsen

发明人： William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Mark Gilbert Benz ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Bruce Alan Knudsen

IPC分类号： B05B7/08 ,  B05B13/06 ,  B22F3/105 ,  C23C4/16 ,  B05D7/22 ,  B05B7/00 ,  B05D1/02 ,  B22F9/08

CPC分类号： C23C4/16 ,  B05B13/0645 ,  B05B7/0861 ,  B22F3/105

摘要： A method and spray forming system for effectively spraying the inner diameters of intricate objects and makes inner diameter spray forming practical for articles that have various and complicated inner geometries. The spray forming system can include at least one of a rotating mandrel and preform, and atomizer, which is fed with liquid metal, to form a spray. The atomizer is positioned with respect to inner walls of at least one of the rotating mandrel and preform to accurately and fully spray form an inner diameter of an article, even if the article has complicated and irregular inner surfaces.

摘要翻译： 一种用于有效地喷射复杂物体内径的方法和喷射成形系统，并且使得内径喷射成型对于具有各种和复杂内部几何形状的制品是实用的。 喷射成形系统可以包括旋转的心轴和预成型件中的至少一个以及被供给液态金属的雾化器以形成喷雾。 即使制品具有复杂且不规则的内表面，雾化器相对于旋转心轴和预制件中的至少一个的内壁定位成精确地和完全地喷射形成物品的内径。

公开(公告)号：US06631753B1

公开(公告)日：2003-10-14

申请号：US09511528

申请日：2000-02-23

申请人： William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Mark Gilbert Benz ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Bruce Alan Knudsen

发明人： William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Mark Gilbert Benz ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Bruce Alan Knudsen

IPC分类号： B22D2310

CPC分类号： B22F3/115 ,  B22D23/10 ,  B22F2009/0852 ,  B22F2009/0856 ,  B22F2998/00 ,  C22B9/18 ,  C23C4/123 ,  B22F9/08 ,  B22F5/009

摘要： A casting system and method for producing a metal casting is provided. The metal casting can comprise a fine-grain, homogeneous microstructure that is essentially oxide- and sulfide-free, segregation defect free, and essentially free of voids caused by air entrapped during solidification of the metal from a liquidus state to a solid state. The casting system can comprise an electroslag refining system; a nucleated casting system; and a cooling system that cools the metal casting so as to cool a liquidus portion of the metal casting. The metal casting is cooled in a manner sufficient to provide a microstructure that comprises a fine-grain, homogeneous microstructure that is essentially oxide- and sulfide-free, segregation defect free, and essentially free of voids caused by air entrapped during solidification from a liquidus state to a solid state.

摘要翻译： 提供一种用于制造金属铸件的铸造系统和方法。 金属铸件可以包括基本上不含氧化物和无硫化物的偏析缺陷的细晶粒均匀微结构，并且基本上没有由金属从液相状态固化到固态期间夹带的空气引起​​的空隙。 铸造系统可以包括电渣精炼系统; 成核铸造系统; 以及冷却金属铸件以冷却金属铸件的液相部分的冷却系统。 金属铸件以足以提供微结构的方式被冷却，所述微观结构包括基本上不含氧化物和无硫化物的微粒，均匀的微观结构，其偏析缺陷不存在，并且基本上没有由液相线固化期间被空气所夹带的空隙 状态为固态。

公开(公告)号：US06375702B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-23

申请号：US09511196

申请日：2000-02-23

申请人： Bruce Alan Knudsen ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Mark Gilbert Benz ,  William Thomas Carter, Jr.

发明人： Bruce Alan Knudsen ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Mark Gilbert Benz ,  William Thomas Carter, Jr.

IPC分类号： C22B918

CPC分类号： C22B9/18

摘要： A consumable electrode feed system for a refining system provides consumable electrodes to a refining system. The consumable electrode feed system comprises a side feed device that feeds consumable electrodes to a refining system in a first direction; a refining feed device that feeds consumable electrodes to a refining system in a second direction, in which the second direction being generally orthogonal to the first direction; and a connection system for connecting fed consumable electrodes to each other. The consumable electrode feed system allows for a predetermined amount of a consumable electrode to be refined in the refining system, and can position another consumable electrode above a previously fed consumable electrode. The connecting system then can connect a fed consumable electrode to a previously fed consumable electrode thus avoiding refining operation.

摘要翻译： 用于精炼系统的消耗性电极馈送系统为精炼系统提供消耗电极。 所述消耗电极馈送系统包括侧向馈送装置，其沿着第一方向将消耗电极馈送到精炼系统; 精炼进给装置，其将消耗电极沿第二方向向精炼系统供给，其中所述第二方向大致垂直于所述第一方向; 以及用于将馈电的可消耗电极彼此连接的连接系统。 可消耗电极馈送系统允许在精炼系统中精炼预定量的可消耗电极，并且可以将另一个可消耗电极定位在先前馈送的消耗电极之上。 连接系统然后可以将馈电的消耗电极连接到先前馈入的可消耗电极，从而避免精炼操作。

公开(公告)号：US06368375B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-09

申请号：US09194789

申请日：1999-10-25

申请人： Mark Gilbert Benz ,  William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Bruce Alan Knudsen ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Paul Leonard Dupree ,  Boris Izrailevich Medovar ,  Lev Borisovich Medovar

发明人： Mark Gilbert Benz ,  William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Bruce Alan Knudsen ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Paul Leonard Dupree ,  Boris Izrailevich Medovar ,  Lev Borisovich Medovar

IPC分类号： C22B918

CPC分类号： B22D23/10 ,  B22F9/08 ,  B22F2009/0852 ,  B22F2009/0856 ,  B22F2998/00 ,  C22B9/18 ,  B22F9/082 ,  B22F3/115 ,  B22F9/10

摘要： In a method and apparatus for the electroslag refining of metal, the method includes providing a refining vessel to contain an electroslag refining layer floating on a layer of molten refined metal. The refining vessel representing an upper part of a cooled mould comprises a plurality of superimposed sleeves which are electrically insulated from one another. The top sleeve, being the refining vessel, is substantially a non-consumable electrode and has a current lead electrically insulated from the sleeve. The molten electroslag layer is heated by a refining current which is passed from a power source through the mould and slag layer to the metal pool. An unrefined metal is lowered into the vessel into contact with the molten electroslag layer such that its surface is melted and overheated at the point of contact with the slag such that droplets of the metal are formed and these droplets pass down through the slag and are collected in a pool of molten refined metal beneath the slag.

摘要翻译： 在用于金属电渣精炼的方法和装置中，该方法包括提供精炼容器以容纳漂浮在熔融精炼金属层上的电渣精炼层。 表示冷却模具的上部的精炼容器包括彼此电绝缘的多个叠置的套筒。 作为精炼容器的顶部套筒基本上是非消耗性电极，并且具有与套管电绝缘的电流引线。 熔融电渣层由精炼电流加热，精炼电流从电源通过模具和熔渣层传递到金属池。 将未精炼的金属放入容器中与熔融电渣层接触，使得其表面在与渣接触的点处熔化和过热，从而形成金属液滴，并且这些液滴通过炉渣向下流过并被收集 在矿渣下面的熔融精炼金属池中。

公开(公告)号：US06358297B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-19

申请号：US09474419

申请日：1999-12-29

申请人： Robert John Zabala ,  Howard Roscoe Hart, Jr. ,  Mark Gilbert Benz ,  Bruce Alan Knudsen ,  William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Russell Scott Miller

发明人： Robert John Zabala ,  Howard Roscoe Hart, Jr. ,  Mark Gilbert Benz ,  Bruce Alan Knudsen ,  William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Russell Scott Miller

IPC分类号： C22B918

CPC分类号： C22B9/18

摘要： A method for controlling electromagnetic flux concentration in a discharge guide tube for a metal refining apparatus is provided. The discharge guide tube comprises a base plate, an extension, a central orifice that extends through the extension from a source of liquid metal to an outlet in the discharge guide tube for directing a stream of metal therethrough, and an interior discharge guide tube flux concentration configuration; an induction heater system that generates an electromagnetic field in the discharge guide tube, the induction heater system being disposed on the extension with a gap defined therebetween, the induction heater system and the discharge guide tube being capable of relative vertical movement and subsequent positions with respect to each other with the gap being essentially constant. The method for providing electromagnetic flux concentration comprises providing current to the induction heater system; generating an electromagnetic field resulting from the step of providing current; and directing an electromagnetic flux to the central orifice at locations defined by the interior discharge guide tube. The step of generating an electromagnetic flux also generates heat and the step of generating heat provides a control of the flow of the stream of metal in its liquidus condition. The electromagnetic field is applied at a substantially constant level regardless of the relative vertical movement and subsequent positions between the induction heater system and the discharge guide tube.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于控制用于金属精炼装置的排放导管中的电磁通量浓度的方法。 排出导管包括基板，延伸部，中心孔，其从液态金属源延伸到排出引导管中的出口，用于引导金属流通过其中，并且内部排出导管通量集中 组态; 感应加热器系统，其在所述排出导管中产生电磁场，所述感应加热器系统设置在所述延伸部上，其间限定有间隙，所述感应加热器系统和所述排出导管能够相对垂直移动， 彼此之间的间隙基本上是恒定的。 提供电磁通量浓度的方法包括向感应加热器系统提供电流; 产生由提供电流的步骤产生的电磁场; 以及在由所述内部排放导管限定的位置处将电磁通量引导到所述中心孔口。 产生电磁通量的步骤也产生热量，产生热量的步骤提供金属流在其液相线条件下的流动的控制。 电磁场以基本恒定的水平施加，而不管感应加热器系统和排放导管之间的相对垂直运动和随后的位置如何。

公开(公告)号：US5810066A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-22

申请号：US576793

申请日：1995-12-21

申请人： Bruce Alan Knudsen ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Mark Gilbert Benz ,  William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Paul Leonard Dupree

发明人： Bruce Alan Knudsen ,  Robert John Zabala ,  Mark Gilbert Benz ,  William Thomas Carter, Jr. ,  Paul Leonard Dupree

IPC分类号： B22D23/10 ,  B22F9/08 ,  C22B9/18

CPC分类号： B22D23/10 ,  B22F9/08 ,  C22B9/18 ,  B22F2009/0856 ,  B22F2009/0888 ,  B22F2998/00

摘要： A system and method of electroslag refining of metal is taught. The system and method includes the introduction of unrefined metal into an electroslag refining process in which the unrefined metal is first melted at the upper surface of the refining slag. The molten metal is refined as it passes through the molten slag. The refined metal is collected in a cold hearth apparatus having a skull of refined metal formed on the surface of the cold hearth for protecting the cold hearth from the leaching action of the refined molten metal. A cold finger bottom pour spout is formed at the bottom of the cold hearth to permit dispensing of molten refined metal from the cold hearth. The dimensions of the cold finger apparatus pour spout are controlled by positioning a retaining means around the outer surface of the pour spout thereby controlling the flow rate of molten metal through the cold finger apparatus.

摘要翻译： 教导了电渣精炼金属的系统和方法。 该系统和方法包括将未精制金属引入电渣精炼工艺中，其中未精制金属在精炼炉渣的上表面首先熔化。 当熔融金属通过熔渣时被精炼。 精制金属被收集在具有形成在冷柜的表面上的精制金属颅骨的冷炉床装置中，用于保护冷炉免受精炼熔融金属的浸出作用。 在冷底部的底部形成冷手指底部倒出口，以允许从冷底座分配熔融精炼金属。 通过将保持装置定位在倾倒口的外表面上来控制冷指装置倾倒口的尺寸，从而控制熔融金属通过冷指装置的流速。