公开(公告)号：US20110117453A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-19

申请号：US13001902

申请日：2009-06-30

申请人： Yuichi Tokita ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Hideyuki Kumita ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hiroki Mita

发明人： Yuichi Tokita ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Hideyuki Kumita ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hiroki Mita

IPC分类号： H01M8/16

CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  H01M8/06 ,  H01M8/0625 ,  Y02E60/527

摘要： The present invention provides a fuel reformer which enables power generation to be actually performed even in the case of using very-safe familiar things such as food and drink and food scraps as a fuel of a biofuel cell. The fuel reformer is used for a fuel cell which generates power as an oxidation reduction reaction progresses using enzyme as a catalyst, and has: a primary fuel introduction unit for introducing a primary fuel; a fuel reforming unit communicating with the primary fuel introduction unit and reforming the primary fuel to a secondary fuel from which electrons can be emitted by an oxidation reduction reaction using enzyme as a catalyst; and a secondary fuel supplying unit communicating with the fuel reforming unit and supplying the secondary fuel to the fuel cell.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种燃料重整器，其即使在使用非常安全的熟悉的东西如食物和饮料以及作为生物燃料电池的燃料的食物废料的情况下也能够实际发电。 所述燃料重整器用于燃料电池，所述燃料电池随着氧化还原反应而产生电力，所述氧化还原反应使用酶作为催化剂进行，并且具有：用于引入初级燃料的初级燃料引入单元; 燃料重整单元，与主要燃料引入单元连通，并且通过使用酶作为催化剂的氧化还原反应将初级燃料重整成能够从其中排出电子的二次燃料; 以及与燃料重整单元连通并将二次燃料供应到燃料电池的二次燃料供给单元。

公开(公告)号：US20100047670A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-25

申请号：US12532006

申请日：2008-02-29

申请人： Masaya Kakuta ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Yuichi Tokita

发明人： Masaya Kakuta ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Yuichi Tokita

IPC分类号： H01M4/90 ,  C12N11/02

CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  C12N11/02 ,  C12N11/14 ,  H01M4/90 ,  Y02E60/527

摘要： An enzyme-immobilized electrode is provided and includes an electrode composed of porous carbon or the like, a phospholipid layer on the electrode (11), and enzymes immobilized onto the phospholipid layer. The enzymes are, for example, diaphorase and glucose dehydrogenase. An intermediate layer composed of a protein or the like may be provided between the electrode and the phospholipid layer. By using the enzyme-immobilized electrode as a negative electrode or a positive electrode in a fuel cell using an enzyme, one or a plurality of types of enzymes can be immobilized at optimal positions on the electrode, and thus, there are provided a highly efficient enzyme-immobilized electrode and a highly efficient fuel cell using the enzyme-immobilized electrode.

摘要翻译： 提供酶固定化电极，包括由多孔碳等构成的电极，电极（11）上的磷脂层和固定在磷脂层上的酶。 酶是例如心肌黄酶和葡萄糖脱氢酶。 可以在电极和磷脂层之间设置由蛋白质等构成的中间层。 通过在使用酶的燃料电池中使用酶固定化电极作为负极或正极，可以将一种或多种类型的酶固定在电极的最佳位置，从而提供高效率 酶固定化电极和使用酶固定化电极的高效燃料电池。

公开(公告)号：US20110229776A1

公开(公告)日：2011-09-22

申请号：US13130475

申请日：2009-11-24

申请人： Hideyuki Kumita ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Yuichi Tokita

发明人： Hideyuki Kumita ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Yuichi Tokita

IPC分类号： H01M4/88 ,  H01M8/00 ,  H01M8/16 ,  H01M4/90 ,  C12N9/00 ,  C12N9/02

CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  H01M4/8825 ,  H01M4/8882 ,  H01M4/90 ,  Y02E60/527 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： Provided are an enzyme immobilizing method, a fuel cell and an electrode for the fuel cell which employ the enzyme immobilizing method, and a method for manufacturing the fuel cell and the electrode. The enzyme immobilizing method prevents reduction in enzyme activity when the enzyme is immobilized on the electrode, so as to make it possible to obtain a high catalyst current value. In the method for immobilizing an enzyme on the electrode used in the fuel cell, an enzyme variant with at least one amino acid residue being deleted, substituted, added, or inserted in a wild-type amino acid sequences is used as the enzyme, and the enzyme variant increases in activity through heat treatment. The immobilization is performed within a temperature range which makes it possible to increase the activity of the enzyme variant.

摘要翻译： 提供了酶固定化方法，燃料电池和使用酶固定化方法的燃料电池用电极，以及制造燃料电池和电极的方法。 当酶固定在电极上时，酶固定化方法防止酶活性的降低，从而可以获得高的催化剂电流值。 在将酶固定在燃料电池中使用的电极上的方法中，使用缺失，取代，添加或插入到野生型氨基酸序列中的至少一个氨基酸残基的酶变体作为酶， 酶变体通过热处理增加活性。 在可以增加酶变体的活性的温度范围内进行固定化。

公开(公告)号：US08956772B2

公开(公告)日：2015-02-17

申请号：US12745603

申请日：2008-11-19

申请人： Hideki Sakai ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Yuichi Tokita

发明人： Hideki Sakai ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Yuichi Tokita

IPC分类号： H01M8/06 ,  H01M4/86 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/16

CPC分类号： H01M4/86 ,  H01M8/04186 ,  H01M8/16 ,  Y02E60/527

摘要： To provide a fuel cell that can perform efficient power generation through a simple fuel supply. There is provided a fuel cell that generates electricity through progress of an oxidation-reduction reaction using an enzyme as a catalyst, the fuel cell including at least a fuel-vaporizing layer formed through vaporization of a fuel; an anode to which a vaporized fuel is supplied from the fuel-vaporizing layer; and a cathode connected to the anode in a state in which protons can be conducted. In the fuel cell, since a fuel is supplied to an electrode in a vaporized state, a vaporized fuel is supplied to an inner portion of the electrode and a reaction sufficiently proceeds at the inner surface of the electrode, which can achieve high output due to efficient power generation. Furthermore, even if an enzyme or the like is immobilized on an electrode, the enzyme or the like can be prevented from leaching out into a liquid fuel because a fuel is supplied to the electrode in a vaporized state, which can prevent a decrease in the output caused by leaching out of the enzyme or the like.

摘要翻译： 提供能够通过简单的燃料供给来实现高效发电的燃料电池。 提供了一种通过使用酶作为催化剂进行氧化还原反应而发电的燃料电池，所述燃料电池至少包括通过燃料蒸发形成的燃料蒸发层; 从燃料汽化层供给汽化燃料的阳极; 以及在可以导电质子的状态下连接到阳极的阴极。 在燃料电池中，由于向蒸发状态的电极供给燃料，所以向电极的内部供给汽化燃料，在电极的内表面充分进行反应，由此可以实现高输出 高效发电。 此外，即使将酶等固定在电极上，也可以防止由于向蒸发状态的电极供给燃料而使酶等浸出到液体燃料中，从而能够防止 通过从酶等浸出而产生的输出。

公开(公告)号：US20100310946A1

公开(公告)日：2010-12-09

申请号：US12745603

申请日：2008-11-19

申请人： Hideki Sakai ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Yuichi Tokita

发明人： Hideki Sakai ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Yuichi Tokita

IPC分类号： H01M8/06

CPC分类号： H01M4/86 ,  H01M8/04186 ,  H01M8/16 ,  Y02E60/527

摘要： To provide a fuel cell that can perform efficient power generation through a simple fuel supply. There is provided a fuel cell that generates electricity through progress of an oxidation-reduction reaction using an enzyme as a catalyst, the fuel cell including at least a fuel-vaporizing layer formed through vaporization of a fuel; an anode to which a vaporized fuel is supplied from the fuel-vaporizing layer; and a cathode connected to the anode in a state in which protons can be conducted. In the fuel cell, since a fuel is supplied to an electrode in a vaporized state, a vaporized fuel is supplied to an inner portion of the electrode and a reaction sufficiently proceeds at the inner surface of the electrode, which can achieve high output due to efficient power generation. Furthermore, even if an enzyme or the like is immobilized on an electrode, the enzyme or the like can be prevented from leaching out into a liquid fuel because a fuel is supplied to the electrode in a vaporized state, which can prevent a decrease in the output caused by leaching out of the enzyme or the like.

摘要翻译： 提供能够通过简单的燃料供给来实现高效发电的燃料电池。 提供了一种通过使用酶作为催化剂进行氧化还原反应而发电的燃料电池，所述燃料电池至少包括通过燃料蒸发形成的燃料蒸发层; 从燃料汽化层供给汽化燃料的阳极; 以及在可以导电质子的状态下连接到阳极的阴极。 在燃料电池中，由于向蒸发状态的电极供给燃料，所以向电极的内部供给汽化燃料，在电极的内表面充分进行反应，由此可以实现高输出 高效发电。 此外，即使将酶等固定在电极上，也可以防止由于向蒸发状态的电极供给燃料而使酶等浸出到液体燃料中，从而能够防止 通过从酶等浸出而产生的输出。

公开(公告)号：US20110076736A1

公开(公告)日：2011-03-31

申请号：US12992532

申请日：2009-05-14

申请人： Ryuhei Matsumoto ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Yuichi Tokita

发明人： Ryuhei Matsumoto ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Yuichi Tokita

IPC分类号： C12N11/04 ,  H01M8/16 ,  H01M4/88 ,  H01M4/90

CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  H01M2300/0005 ,  Y02E60/527 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： A fuel cell and a method for manufacturing the same are provided, wherein at least one type of enzyme and coenzyme are confined in a minute space, an enzyme reaction is effected while this space serves as a reaction field. Thereby, electrons can be taken out of the fuel efficiently to generate electrical energy, and immobilization of these enzyme and coenzyme on an electrode can be performed easily. The enzyme and the coenzyme required for an enzyme reaction are encapsulated in a liposome, and the resulting liposome is immobilized on the surface of an electrode formed from porous carbon or the like so as to form an enzyme immobilization electrode. A transporter is incorporated in the liposome, as necessary. An electron mediator is also immobilized on the surface of the electrode. The resulting enzyme immobilization electrode is used as, for example, a negative electrode of a biofuel cell.

摘要翻译： 提供燃料电池及其制造方法，其中至少一种类型的酶和辅酶被限制在微小的空间中，在该空间用作反应场的同时进行酶反应。 由此，能够有效地将电子从燃料中取出来产生电能，能够容易地将这些酶和辅酶固定在电极上。 将酶反应所需的酶和辅酶封装在脂质体中，将得到的脂质体固定在由多孔碳等形成的电极的表面上，形成酶固定化电极。 根据需要将转运体并入脂质体。 电子介体也固定在电极的表面上。 所得的酶固定电极例如用作生物燃料电池的负极。

公开(公告)号：US20090047550A1

公开(公告)日：2009-02-19

申请号：US12190367

申请日：2008-08-12

申请人： Masaya Kakuta ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Takaai Nakagawa ,  Yuichi Tokita

发明人： Masaya Kakuta ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Takaai Nakagawa ,  Yuichi Tokita

IPC分类号： H01M8/00 ,  B05D3/06

CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  Y02E60/527 ,  Y02P70/56 ,  Y10T156/10

摘要： A method for manufacturing a fuel cell having a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are opposed with a proton conductor therebetween and an enzyme is immobilized on the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode includes the step of immobilizing the enzyme on the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode with a photo-curable resin and/or a thermosetting resin. A photo-curable resin and/or a thermosetting resin may be further laminated on the photo-curable resin and/or the thermosetting resin which have immobilized the enzyme.

摘要翻译： 一种燃料电池的制造方法，其特征在于，正极和负极与它们之间的质子导体相对并且酶固定在正极和/或负极上的结构包括将酶固定在 正极和/或具有光固化树脂和/或热固性树脂的负极。 可光可固化树脂和/或热固性树脂可以进一步层压在已固化酶的光固化树脂和/或热固性树脂上。

公开(公告)号：US08808928B2

公开(公告)日：2014-08-19

申请号：US12672582

申请日：2008-07-31

申请人： Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Hideyuki Kumita ,  Masaya Kakuta

发明人： Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Hideyuki Kumita ,  Masaya Kakuta

IPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M4/60

CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  C12N11/14 ,  H01M4/8605 ,  H01M2004/8689 ,  Y02E60/527

摘要： Provided is a fuel cell having a structure in which a cathode and an anode face each other with a proton conductor therebetween. In this fuel cell, an oxygen reductase or the like is immobilized on at least the cathode, and the cathode is composed of a material having pores therein such as porous carbon. In this fuel cell, the volume of water contained in the cathode is controlled to be 70% or less of the volume of the pores of the cathode, whereby a high current value can be stably obtained through optimization of the amount of moisture contained in the cathode when an enzyme is immobilized on at least the cathode. Also provided is a method for operating the fuel cell.

摘要翻译： 提供一种燃料电池，其具有阴极和阳极彼此面对的质子导体的结构。 在该燃料电池中，氧还原酶等固定在至少阴极上，阴极由其中具有孔的材料如多孔碳构成。 在该燃料电池中，将阴极中含有的水的体积控制为阴极的孔的体积的70％以下，由此通过优化包含在阴极中的水分量，能够稳定地获得高电流值 当酶至少固定在阴极上时是阴极。 还提供了一种操作燃料电池的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20110171541A1

公开(公告)日：2011-07-14

申请号：US12672582

申请日：2008-07-31

申请人： Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Hideyuki Kumita ,  Masaya Kakuta

发明人： Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Hideyuki Kumita ,  Masaya Kakuta

IPC分类号： H01M8/16

CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  C12N11/14 ,  H01M4/8605 ,  H01M2004/8689 ,  Y02E60/527

摘要： Provided is a fuel cell having a structure in which a cathode and an anode face each other with a proton conductor therebetween. In this fuel cell, an oxygen reductase or the like is immobilized on at least the cathode, and the cathode is composed of a material having pores therein such as porous carbon. In this fuel cell, the volume of water contained in the cathode is controlled to be 70% or less of the volume of the pores of the cathode, whereby a high current value can be stably obtained through optimization of the amount of moisture contained in the cathode when an enzyme is immobilized on at least the cathode. Also provided is a method for operating the fuel cell.

摘要翻译： 提供一种燃料电池，其具有阴极和阳极彼此面对的质子导体的结构。 在该燃料电池中，氧还原酶等固定在至少阴极上，阴极由其中具有孔的材料如多孔碳构成。 在该燃料电池中，将阴极中含有的水的体积控制为阴极的孔的体积的70％以下，由此通过优化包含在阴极中的水分量，能够稳定地获得高电流值 当酶至少固定在阴极上时是阴极。 还提供了一种操作燃料电池的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20110065008A1

公开(公告)日：2011-03-17

申请号：US12990919

申请日：2009-04-23

申请人： Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hideyuki Kumita ,  Yoshio Goto ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Masaya Kakuta

发明人： Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hideyuki Kumita ,  Yoshio Goto ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Masaya Kakuta

IPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  C12N11/00

CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  C12N9/0004 ,  H01M4/9008 ,  Y02E60/527

摘要： Provided is an enzyme electrode in which oxidation-reduction reactions proceed with an enzyme acting as a catalyst, and the enzyme is modified to increase affinity and/or reaction rate with a reaction substrate or an electron transfer mediator by adding or inserting at least one codon encoding a particular amino acid residue to or into a base sequence encoding the enzyme, and is immobilized. Since the oxidation-reduction reactions on the electrode proceed highly efficiently, the enzyme electrode can cause to increase the obtained output of electric energy and thus can be suitably used in all types of fuel cells, biosensors, and electronic apparatuses.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种酶电极，其中用作催化剂的酶进行氧化还原反应，并且通过添加或插入至少一个密码子来修饰酶以增加与反应底物或电子转移介体的亲和力和/或反应速率 将特定氨基酸残基编码到编码该酶的碱基序列中或被固定化，并被固定化。 由于电极上的氧化还原反应高效地进行，所以酶电极可以增加获得的电能输出，因此可以适用于所有类型的燃料电池，生物传感器和电子设备。